Download - Philippe Crist 05 11 13
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£ £ The Economic Value of Cycling
Philippe Crist, International Transport Forum-OECD
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Sport Leisure Utilitarian
Value of the cycling economy
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Sales (bicycles and accessories), services, infrastructure, employment, tourism.
£53 billion (EU-2010)
Value of the cycling economy
ECF, 2013
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• Employment: £514.9 million (+£106.5 taxes) ~23,415 jobs
• Bicycle and accessory sales: £2,478.2 million)
£2.9 billion (UK-2010)
Value of the cycling economy
LSE, 2012
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Sport Leisure Utilitarian
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In a city of many cyclists, why do they ride? Copenhageners’ reasons for cycling to and from work (multiple answers)
56% it’s faster 37% more convenient
29% healthy 26% inexpensive
12% well-being, good start to day 9% new job/ relocation
5% environmental concerns City of Copenhagen, 2012
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is for people who want to go fast over short distances
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10-15 km/hr Average speed in European urban centres at peak periods
15 km/hr (Lyon)
12-14 km/hr (Dublin)
Prudhomme and Bocarejo, 2005, City of Paris, 2012, Jensen et al, 2010
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39% of all trips < 2 miles
Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010
DFT
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67% of all trips < 5 miles
Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010
DFT
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Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010
67% of all trips < 5 miles
37% Car share of all trips that are <5 miles
DFT
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Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010
67% of all trips < 5 miles
37% Car share of all trips <5 miles
2% Bicycle share of all trips <5 miles
DFT
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Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom 2005-2010
57% of all car trips are less than 5 miles
DFT
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Trip length (miles)
Mode Share by Trip Length Netherlands United Kingdom
DFT, SWOV, OVG/OViN
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
What mode was replaced by Shared Bicycle use?
ORBIS
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is for people who cannot afford to be late
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Reliability key performance indicator for urban traffic
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At peak periods, small reductions in traffic deliver disproportionate reductions in congestion: -1% traffic calculated to reduce travel time for all by up to 18% (Boston-MIT)
Wang, P, et al, 2012: doi:10.1038/srep01001
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is for shops who want steady return patronage
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Shops benefit from an environment that is attractive, encourages return visits and maximises customer loyalty.
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Who spends what in shops?
15.4 15.3
11.0 6.8
Revenue in Copenhagen shops and supermarkets by mode of transport (DKK billion/yr)
City of Copenhagen
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Retail revenue per square foot and per hour of occupied parking (Melbourne)
$A 0.69
$A 0.19
Lee, 2008
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is for people who value urban lifestlyes & choices
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Jeff Judge, Co-founder and CEO
15 employees, 2,7M rev.
“The first thing I looked at was what the bike infrastructure was like. It’s so important to me. Cities that invest in biking infrastructure are going to win."
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Tami Door, President, Downtown
Denver Partnership, Inc.
“The number one thing [tech companies] want is bike lanes. Ten years ago we never would have thought that walkability or bike lanes would be economic development tools”
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“The benefit of a bike-friendly worksite is simply that these days, valuable workers seem to prefer it…. any company that doesn't include it in its company culture is making a mistake”
Jay Haladay, Owner and CEO, 450 employees,
$100 M rev.
a Viewpoint Construction Software Company
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is for people who enjoy good health
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on balance, the monetised benefits from improved health are up to
greater than the combined health
impacts of crashes and exposure to air pollution
20x
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Making cyclists safe in the current traffic system?
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Making the system safe for (new and existing) cyclists?
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of Paris streets 30km or lower
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Newcastle upon Tyne Tracks & Lanes
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Antwerp, BE Tracks & Lanes
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Bremen, DE Tracks & Lanes
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Nantes, FR Tracks & Lanes
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Sevilla, ES Tracks & Lanes
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Copenhagen, DK Tracks & Lanes
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Infrastructure costs
0.4 Million USD/km. Copenhagen (2009)
1.6 Million USD/km. Copenhagen (2009)
City of Copenhagen, 2012 NACTO, 2012
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£18.7 per capita per year
City of Copenhagen’s annual cycling infrastructure and maintenance budget
City of Copenhagen,
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Antw
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New
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1% (2010)
26% (2012)
7% (2013)
5% (2012)
25% (2008)
23% (2010)
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41% Newcastle households with no car
UK Census 2011
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On balance: benefits and costs
13:1 average benefit to cost ratio (UK and non UK)
8-33% Rates of return for cyclist bridge and intersection re-design in Copenhagen
Sensitive to context, assumptions (health, modal transfer) and costs – but….
ECF, 2013, Cavill et al, 2008, City of Copenhagen
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