AUTHOR ’S REVIEW OF HIS RESEARCH
PhD Michał Cichomski
University of Lodz
Faculty of Chemistry
Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry
Lodz 2013
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Contents I. Curriculum vitae----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
II. Description of scientific work ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1. Description of scientific work before receiving of doctorate --------------------------------- 4
2. Description of scientific work after receiving of doctorate------------------------------------ 5
III. Scientific achievements submitted for the habilitation procedure ----------------------------- 8
IV. Description of series publications which are the scientific achievement submitted for the
habilitation procedure-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
V. Scientific works published before receiving of doctorate---------------------------------------22
VI. Other scientific works published after receiving of doctorate ---------------------------------26
VII. Participation in national and international scientific conferences----------------------------29
VIII. Participation in conference organization -------------------------------------------------------36
IX. Patent application ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
X. Scientific projects -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
XI. Scientific reviews ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
XII. Didactics----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
1. Leading and coordinaton of courses ----------------------------------------------------------------37
2 Substantive care of students---------------------------------------------------------------------------38
XIII. Received awards and distinctions ---------------------------------------------------------------38
XIV. Expertises or other investigations related to business or other entities performing public
functions-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
XV. Promotion of chemistry ----------------------------------------------------------------------------39
XVI. Statistic of scientific work ------------------------------------------------------------------------39
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I. Curriculum vitae
Education:
1990–1995 Technical High School in Elecrtonics–Zdunska Wola.
1995–2000 Chemistry studies − University of Lodz, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry
Master thesis, title:
“Investigation of surface topography and nanotribolgical properties of siliceaus
ceramic materials by atomic force microscopy”
Supervisor: Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Płaza.
2000–2004 Doctoral studies at the University of Lodz
Doctoral thesis, titled:
“Morphological and nanotribological studies of nanocomposite materials”
Supervisor: Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Płaza. Defense of doctoral thesis was in 2005.
Employment:
2004–2005 University of Lodz, Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental
Protection – assistant
2005–2006 Ohio State University, Nanotechnology Laboratory for Storage and
MEMS/NEMS (now Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and
Biomimetics) Columbus, USA – postdoctoral researcher
2006– University of Lodz, Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental
Protection (now Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry) – adjunct
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II. Description of scientific work
1. Description of scientific work before receiving the doctor degree
In 1995 I finished the Technical High School in Electronics in Zdunska Wola and
undertook studies in chemistry at the University of Lodz. The master thesis, whose title was
“ Investigation of surface topography and nanotribolgical properties of siliceaus ceramic
materials by atomic force microscopy”, I made in the Department of Chemical Technology
and Environmental Protection and Department of Solid State Physics in the Division of
Physics and Technology of Nanometric Structures. This work had an interdisciplinary
character and was defended in 2000. The supervisor of my work was Prof. Stanisław Płaza.
The experiences obtained during the master thesis were the inspiration to continue the
scientific activity. In this case, I undertook doctoral studies in the Faculty of Physics and
Chemistry at the University of Lodz. In this time, my interest was focused on self assembled
monolayers. The first study consisted of obtaining molecular resolution and verification of
chemical resistance of thiols monolayers.
To achieve these goals I used the experience acquired during my cooperation with a
team of Prof. Wielisława Olejniczak from the Division of Physics and Technology of
Nanometric Structures associated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning
tunneling microscopy (STM). These experiences, in connection with widely understood
chemical knowledge obtained at the Department of Chemistry University of Lodz, were the
basis for the understanding and control of phenomena at the nanoscale.
The next step was studies which improved tribological properties of the thiols compared
to the substrates on which they are attached [B-11]. The aim of these studies was to create
a model, atomically flat silica, from a 3-merkaptopropylotrimethoksysilane (MPTMS)
precursor, prepared as a monolayer on polycrystalline gold Au(111). This self assembled
monolayer was hydrolyzed and condensed leading to an SiO2 layer. This layer served as
a model ceramic substrate for the addition of subsequent, chemically bounded individual
organic layers, creating nanocomposities.
The optymalization of monolayer fabrication was controlled by a topography and
tribological point of view. The main objective was to find a system which possessed the
lowest coefficient of friction. Nanocomposite systems prepared from SiO2 layer and
chemically bounded organic films were characterized in nano- and microscale. The results
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showed that in the nanotribological test, nanocomposites are characterized by the lowest
coefficient of friction when compared to the substrate. However, in miliscale, I have shown
that the layers have the same trend of the coefficient of friction compared to nanoscale [B16].
In the first phase of doctoral studies the results achieved allowed the application for and
awarding of a grant from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
The final result of my doctoral study and grant realization was my dissertation titled
“Morphological and nanotribological studies of nanocomposite materials” Defense of this
doctoral thesis was in 2005.
In 2004-2005, I was employed as an assistant in the Department of Chemical Technology and
Environmental Protection, University of Lodz
2. Description of scientific work after receiving of doctorate
In 2005─2006 I worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Ohio State University,
Nanotechnology Laboratory for Storage and MEMS/NEMS, Columbus, USA (now
Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio-& Nanotechnology and Biomimetics) in the group of Prof.
Bharat Bhushan. Research subjects in the group focused on the fundamental studies in the
interdisciplinary areas of bio-/nanotribology and characterization nanomaterials
The main objectives of the research group were to carry out bio-inspired
nanostructured surfaces, superhydrophobic and self-cleaning surfaces and interfaces with
smart adhesion. Another main goal was the development of theoretical models and
measurements of electrical and mechanical properties of nanostructures. In Prof. Bharat
Bhushan’s research group, I dealt with the production of ultrathin films and control of friction
and adhesion phenomena at the nanoscale. Instrumentation used in the study was atomic force
microscopy with the registration of lateral force (FFM). Through cooperation with Prof.
Derek Hansford (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University),
I constructed a system for the controlled deposition of ultrathin organic layers (Vapor Phase
Deposition) [A-3].
Based on the tests carried out, I proved that the obtained ultrathin layers are
hydrophobic and have low adhesion and a coefficient of friction lower than previously used
materials [A-1–A-3]. The studies also show that the test compounds can be used in systems
NEMS/MEMS (nano-/microelectromechanical systems) and biomedical applications [A-1–
A-3].
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The Postdoctoral Fellowship allowed me to directly cooperate with experts from other
scientific centers (Patrik Hoffmann, Hans Jörg Mathieu and James A. DeRose from the Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), as well as with corporations dealing with research in
the field of electronics and fabrication of digital media and digital recording data (Imation
Corporation). Through cooperation with Imation, I gained experience in working with high
and ultra-high vacuums. The results of our work improved the recording of information on
magnetic media and were presented in the publication B-20.
After returning from the USA, I continued my tribological investigations at the
University of Lodz and received a grant from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher
Education for “Preparation of ultrathin films of organofluorine compounds for tribological
applications” (Grant number N N507 551538 – head of project).
The project was focused on chemical modification of different surfaces, such as silicon,
titanium, aluminum, cobalt and copper by various ultrathin fluoororganic films. The surfaces
were modified by using the vapor phase deposition method. The aim of the modification
process was to obtain ultrathin films of organosilanes which minimize adhesion, friction and
wear. Preparation of ultrathin films was designed to increase surface resistance in
physiological conditions and laboratory environments. The results of tribological research in
nano- and microscale allowed me to describe the conclusions that the structure of
organosilane compounds (chain length, presence of fluorine atoms and type of terminal group
( not sure what a ‘terminal group’ is) influence on coefficient of friction values.
In parallel with the work on fabrication and tribological characteristics of self-
assembled layers, I conducted research on magnetic domain structure and morphological
structure using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and atomic force microscopy. These
studies were performed in cooperation with Prof. Witold Szmaja from the Department of
Solid State Physics, University of Lodz and focused mainly on the analysis of the study of
magnetic domain structure and morphological structure of massive single crystals of cobalt,
anisotropic sintered magnets Nd–Fe–B and SmCo5, nanocrystalline magnets Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B
and thin films of permalloy and cobalt. The use of magnetic force microscopy gave the
opportunity to increase the resolution imaging of magnetic domain structures and, thus, the
possibility of knowledge and understanding of magnetic domains and their details of structure.
These were the first studies for this type of magnetic materials.
In this cooperation twelve scientific articles [B-6, B-9, B-10, B-12−B-14, B-19, B-21,
B-27−B-29, B-31] and many presentations on conferences were published.
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Cooperation with Professor Arkadiusz Ptak from Poznan University of Technology
has resulted in investigations centered on the control of adhesion in nanometer scale. This
experimental work was based on gold and silicon surface modification by alkylthiols and
fluoroalkylsilanes, respectively. These modified surfaces were used to determine the humidity
influence on adhesion of films which possessed different wettability. The result of the
research was the development of the method of analysis which allows for quantitative
information about single atomic bonds. For this purpose Dynamic Force Spectroscopy and
mechnical-adhesive interactions models were used: the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts and the
Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov model. This cooperation resulted in the publication of the article
B-25.
Other research achievements were related to electrochemical investigations of the
modification of glassy carbon electrodes with phenanthroline complexes of manganese
Mn (II) immobilized in a nafion layer. I also participated in the studies of properties of glassy
carbon modified with Ce (III) ions immobilized in nafion film and the catalytic activity of
these ions or the catalytic activity of the modified conducting phase in electrochemical
oxidation of some hydroquinone, phenylenediamine and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives.
I was also involved in the works connected with preparation of the bioconjugantes
which include metallocarbonyl compounds, gold nanoparticles and antibodies and could be
potential tools to monitor antigen-antibody interactions by infrared spectroscopy (FT─IR).
The results were published in publications B-17, B-18, B-32.
During my research I specialized in the study of surface properties using scanning
probe microscopy, using this technique to determine the size of the nanoparticles for
biomedical and technology applications. The result of these studies was the research project
realization, “Synthesis and characterization of gold, silver and copper nanoparticles" for
which I was the main project contractor.
The above research achievements helped to enrich academic experience and provided
an opportunity to establish cooperation with other research centers – Nanoprobe Laboratory
for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (Columbus, USA), Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (Lanzhou, China), Poznan University of Technology,
Institute of Physics, Departments of University of Lodz: Solid State Physics, Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry. These studies also provide inspiration for
further research and scientific development.
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III. Scientific achievements submitted for the habilitation procedure
As an achievement resulting from Article 16, section 2 of the Acto on Academic
Degrees and Titles and about Degrees and Titles in the Field of Fine Arts of March 14, 2003
(Dz.U. No 65/2003, item 595, with subsequent amendments) I’m designating the series of ten
of scientific publications [A-1−A-10] entitled “Preparation and characterization of ultrathin
organic layers to tribological applications”.
A-1. B. Bhushan, M. Cichomski (30%), E. Hoque, J. A. DeRose, P. Hoffmann, H. J. Mathieu
Nanotribological characterization of perfluroralkylphosphonate self-assembled monolayers
deposited on aluminum coated silicon substrates
Microsystem Technologies 12, 588–596 (2006) – IF 0,931
A-2. E. Hoque, J. A. DeRose, P. Hoffmann, H. J. Mathieu, B. Bhushan, M. Cichomski (30%)
Phosphonate self assembled monolayers (SAMs) on aluminum surfaces
Journal of Chemical Physics 124, 174710–74716 (2006) – IF 3,333
A-3. B. Bhushan, M. Cichomski (50%)
Nanotribological characterization of vapor phase deposited fluorosilane self-assembled
monolayers deposited on polydimethylsiloxane surfaces for biomedical micro-/nanodevices
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 25, 1285–1293
(2007) – IF 1,253
A-4. M. Cichomski (50%), K. Kośla, J. Grobelny, W. Kozłowski, P. J. Kowalczyk,
A. Busiakiewicz, W. Szmaja, J. Balcerski
Nano- and microtribological characterization of silanes deposited on cobalt
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 507, 273–278 (2010) – IF 2,289
A-5. M. Cichomski (60%), K. Kośla, J. Grobelny, W. Szmaja, J. Balcerski
Tribological and magnetic characterization of fluorosilanes on cobalt surface
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 501, 362–365 (2010) – IF 2,289
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A-6. M. Cichomski (60%), E. Tomaszewska, K. Kośla, W. Kozłowski, P. J. Kowalczyk,
J. Grobelny
Study of dithiol monolayer as the interface for controlled deposition of gold
Materials Characterization 62, 268–274 (2011) – IF 1,572
A-7. M. Cichomski (80%), W. Szmaja
MFM and AFM study of thin cobalt films modified by fluorosilane
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing 102, 339–343 (2011) – IF 1,63
A-8. M. Cichomski (60%), K. Kośla, W. Kozłowski, W. Szmaja, J. Balcerski, J. Rogowski,
J. Grobelny
Investigation of the structurce of fluoroalkylsilanes deposited on alumina surface
Applied Surface Science 258, 9849–9855 (2012) – IF 2,103
A-9. M. Cichomski (100%)
Tribological investigations of perfluoroalkylsilanes monolayers deposited on titanium surface
Materials Chemistry and Physics 136, 498–504 (2012) – IF 2,234
A-10. M. Cichomski (60%), K. Kośla, J. Grobelny, W. Kozłowski, W. Szmaja
Tribological and stability investigations of alkylphosphonic acids on alumina surface
Applied Surface Science 273, 570–577 (2013) – IF 2,103
IV. Description of series publications which are the scientific achievement
submitted for the habilitation procedure
Introduction and objective of the dissertation
The development of modern technologies, such as bio-technology, electronics and
information technology, requires miniaturization of devices and systems while increasing
their efficiency, reaction time and longevity. In order to meet these requirements we are
looking for new surfaces and protective materials which reduce the wear of these devices. One
of the methods of solving problems which arise from high friction and wear is surface
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chemical modification by compounds such as alkylsilanes, alkylphosphonic acids or thiols.
This modification can be carried out by chemical adsorption of molecules on an active solid
surface (called self-organization). This process involves the formation of a thin organic layer
of the tested surfaces and is carried out in several steps. The first step is hydrolysis of the
silane molecules which, in consequence, form silanol bonds. The next step forms a hydrogen
bond between the hydroxyl groups from silane molecules and ─OH groups existing on the
modified surface. The final step is the creation of an ultrathin layer.
Due to the increasing demands and requirements of modern technology, the objective
of scientific work was defined, which was to provide development strategies that control
physicochemical properties of the surface by chemical modification with organic compounds.
Major results of publications which are the scientific achievement submitted for the
habilitation procedure
The series of scientific publications designated as achievements for habilitation
proceedings consists of 10 works listed hereunder, published in the years 2006–2013, entitled
“Preparation and characterization of ultrathin organic layers to tribological applications” in
journals listed in the Journal Citation Reports.
A-1. „Nanotribological characterization of perfluoroalkylphosphonate self-assembled
monolayers deposited on aluminum-coated silicon substrates”
In this study, I investigate contact angle, surface energy, friction, adhesion and wear
properties of a perfluoroalkylphosphonate films on aluminum and compare them with those of
alkylphosphonate. The influence of relative humidity, temperature and sliding velocity on the
friction and adhesion behavior is studied. Failure mechanisms of films obtained from
perfluoroalkyl- and alkylphosphonate molecules are investigated by wear tests.
Both fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon films showed a reduction in adhesive force,
friction force and coefficient of friction as compared to bare aluminum. Fluorinated
phosphonic acid, which has the lowest surface energy, also exhibited a lower adhesive force
than either of the hydrocarbon compounds. The films deposited on the aluminum substrate
showed a negligible dependence of adhesive force on the relative humidity. However, there
was some decrease in the coefficient of friction. This effect could be attributed to lubrication
by the adsorbed water layer. The long hydrocarbon chain molecules and the fluorocarbon
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backbone chains showed higher critical loads (20 µN) than short hydrocarbon chain molecules
(5 µN) and bare aluminum. From a tribological point of view, it is found that films with
compliant and long hydrocarbon backbone chains and those with fluorocarbon backbone
chains show a highly desirable behavior.
My contribution is related to: studies of the influence of relative humidity, temperature and sliding velocity on the friction and adhesion in the nanoscale, designation of critical loads, and the interpretation of results and manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%
A-2. „Phosphonate self-assembled monolayers on aluminum surfaces”
The work includes preparation and properties of the perfluoroalkyl- and
alkylphosphonic acids deposited on aluminum. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
analysis confirmed the presence of perfluorinated and nonperfluorinated alkylphosphonate
molecules on the aluminum surface. The static contact angle of pure water on
perfluoroalkylphosponic acids was typically more than 130° and surface free energy was 11
mJ/m2. For alkylphosphonic acids the static contact angle value was typically more than 125°,
indicating that all phosphonic acids were very hydrophobic. The surface energy was
determined to be approximately 20 mJ/m2 for alkylphoshopnic acids. The films obtained from
fluorinated compounds gave the lowest adhesion and coefficient of friction values, while bare
aluminum gave the highest.
My contribution is related to: preparation of perfluoroalkyl- and alkylphosphonic acids, determination of the wettability and nanotribological characterization of the layers. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
A-3. „Nanotribological characterization of vapor phase deposited fluorosilane self-
assembled monolayers deposited on polydimethylsiloxane surfaces for biomedical micro-
/nanodevices”
The objective of this research was the preparation of self-assembled monolayers on
polydimethylsiloxane, which are desirable to control the hydrophobicity of the surface to
reduce or prevent undesired protein adsorption or cell interactions, critical for the performance
of many biomedical micro-/nanodevices. In this work, the vapor phase deposition was used to
deposit fluorosilanes on polydimethylsiloxane and deposition conditions for an optimal
process were identified. The films were characterized by means of a contact angle analyzer for
hydrophobicity and an atomic force microscope for adhesion and friction measurements. The
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influence of relative humidity, temperature and sliding velocity on the friction and adhesion
behavior was studied.
My contribution is related to: determination of optimal conditions for the deposition of layers, studies the influence of relative humidity, temperature and sliding velocity on the friction and adhesion in the nanoscale, designation of critical loads, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 50%.
A-4. „Nano- and microtribological characterization of silanes deposited on cobalt
substrate”
The main aim of this work was the preparation, and nano- and microtribological
investigations of organosilanes on cobalt surface. The modification was performed by
compounds with different structure. The applied organosilane compounds possessed different
chain length [1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) and 3,3,3-
trifluorotrichlorosilane (FPTS)], different content of reactive atoms in the head group [3,3,3-
trifluorodimethylchlorosilane (FPDMS) and FPTS] and also different content of fluorine
atoms in the carbon chain [1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyldimethylchlorosilane (PFMS) and
n-decyldimethylchlorosilane (DDMS)]. The films were characterized by XPS for
identification of fluoroorganic films deposited on the surfaces. The thicknesses of the layers
determined from the ellipsometric measurements on the cobalt surface modified by different
compounds are comparable with the values obtained using the theoretical model. In this study,
the XPS spectra analysis suggests the formation of Co–O–Si linkages between silanes and the
cobalt surface and also shows the relationship between number of reactive atoms in head
group and quantity of generated bonds.
Adhesion and friction measurements were performed by AFM and compared with
those made by microtribometer operated in applied millinewton load range. Nano- and
microtribological measurements show that cobalt modified by fluoroalkylsilanes has lower
adhesion and coefficient of friction. The investigation also indicates a decrease of the friction
coefficient with increasing fluoric alkyl chain length. Covalently bonded fluoroalkylsilanes
with longer alkyl chains are found to be a prime candidate for practical use as a lubricant.
It should be noted that I was the first author who performed chemical modification of
the cobalt substrate by silanes and also who done tribological characterization in mili- and
nanonewton load range.
My contribution is related to: preparation of the organosilanes layers, nano- and microtribological investigations, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 50%.
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A-5. „Tribological and magnetic characterization of fluorosilanes on cobalt surface”
In this work, I present a study of tribological and magnetic properties of fluorosilane –
FDTS on cobalt surface. The effectiveness of modification of the cobalt surface by FDTS was
monitored by the measurement of the wetting contact angle and surface free energy. The
increase of surface hydrophobicity was observed upon the modification by reducing the
surface free energy and increasing the wetting contact angle. The nanotribological properties
were characterized by means of adhesion, friction and wear, using AFM. The cobalt surface
modified by FDTS exhibits lower values of adhesion and coefficient of friction in comparison
with those for the unmodified surface. It was also found that FDTS effectively reduces the
wear of the system. We also investigated the magnetic domain structure of the cobalt film
before and after modification by FDTS.
The magnetic domain structure was composed of maze stripe domains magnetized
perpendicular to the film surface, as revealed by MFM. The domain structure of the modified
cobalt film was practically the same (in character and in size) as that observed for the bare
cobalt film.
My contribution is related to: preparation of the organosilane layers, studies of the nanotribological investigations, designation of critical loads, determination of the magnetic structure of the surface investigated, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 60%.
A-6. „Study of dithiol monolayer as the interface for controlled deposition of gold
nanoparticles”
The paper presents the preparation of dithiol monolayers on polycrystalline Au (111).
The prepared dithiols were used as interface, which chemically bonds to the deposited gold
nanoparticles through strong covalent bonds.
The size and size distribution of the deposited nanoparticles were measured using
dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFM. The average
size was in the range from (22 ± 4) nm to (27 ± 1) nm and depended on the used technique.
The size of monodisperse nanoparticles obtained from the DLS measurements is slightly
larger than that obtained from the AFM and SEM measurements. This is due to the fact that
the DLS technique measures the hydrodynamic radius, which is dependent on the protective
chemical layer on nanoparticles. The AFM results showed that nanoparticles are immobilized
and stable during scanning process and do not contaminate the AFM tip.
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The effect of the presence of the aromatic ring and alkyl chain connecting on the
efficiency of dithiols nanoparticles was also studied. The 1,6-heksadithiol (HDT) film was
found to be a better candidate for the controlled nanoparticle deposition interface. It was
determined that the best properties of the alkyl chains compounds are connected with the lack
of steric hindrance (presented in the aromatic dithiols) and associated with these lack of
hindrance defects in the formed film.
My contribution is related to: preparation of the self assembled monolyers, the determination of the gold nanoparticles size by using AFM, STM measurements, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 60%.
A-7. „MFM and AFM study of thin cobalt films modified by fluorosilane”
The work is related to the research presented in the publication A-5. It contains
investigations of the magnetic and morphology structure of cobalt surfaces with FDTS films
of various thicknesses, in the range of about 2 nm to 30 nm. MFM observation showed that
the magnetic domain structure of the cobalt films modified by FDTS is composed of domains
with a considerable component of magnetization perpendicular to the film surface. This in
turn indicates that the cobalt films on naturally oxidized Si(100) substrates crystallize in the
hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase and exhibit a texture with the hexagonal axis
perpendicular to the film surface. The magnetic domains formed a maze structure. The
domain width increased from typically 80–120 nm to 400–500 nm with increasing the
thickness of FDTS films from about 2 nm to 30 nm. AFM imaging of the surfaces of FDTS
films revealed the presence of an agglomerate morphology.
I was the first person who made the magnetic study of cobalt surface modified by
fluorosilane and indicated a relationship between the width of the magnetic domains on the
thickness of the film.
My contribution is related to: preparation of the organosilane layers, determination of magnetic, morphological and tribological properties of the layers in nanoscale, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 80%.
A-8. „Investigation of the structure of fluoroalkylsilanes deposited on alumina surface”
This paper is devoted to studies of the structure of fluoroalkylsilanes on alumina
surface by XPS, ToF-SIMS, FT-IR spectroscopy and AFM. The fluoroalkylsilanes were
prepared on alumina surface using the vapor phase deposition method. XPS and ToF-SIMS
measurements confirmed the presence of fluoroalkylsilanes on the alumina surface.
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AFM was used to compare the frictional behavior of samples after modifying the
alumina surface by fluoroalkylsilanes. Nanotribological investigation of fluoroalkylsilanes
films with different head groups on the alumina surface include, besides frictional studies,
also adhesive forces research. It is shown that the surface modification of alumina by
fluoroalkylsilanes decreases the coefficient of friction and adhesive forces values by more
than 50% compared to the unmodified alumina. In comparison with the non-modified alumina
surface, all tested silanes, particularly compounds with three reactive atoms in the head group,
cause a decrease in the friction coefficients in nanofriction studies. The same effect was also
observed for adhesion measurements. It was found that the alumina modified by trifunctional
fluoroalkylsilanes have a higher degree of hydrophobicity, lower adhesion and lower
coefficient of friction than the monofunctional fluoroalkylsilanes covered alumina surface.
This is connected with Si–O–Si bonds formation between trifunctional compound molecules,
which in consequence leads to higher packing density. The mentioned finding was proved by
the results obtained using the XPS, ToF-SIMS and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques.
My contribution is related to: preparation of the organosilanes layers, studies of nanotribological properties in the nanoscale, determination of IR spectroscopy data, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 60%.
A-9. „Tribological investigations of perfluoroalkylsilanes monolayers deposited on titanium
surface”
In this work I present a systematic study of titanium modification by fluoroalkylsilanes
and surface characterization from the tribological point of view. The vapor phase deposition
method was used to modify titanium surfaces by fluoroalkylsilanes, and the influence of the
used modifier on the tribological properties is presented. The modification procedure
efficiency, surface structure and morphology were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, XPS,
ToF-SIMS and AFM. The effectiveness of modification of the titanium surface was
monitored by the measurements of the wetting contact angle and the surface free energy.
The tribological performance of various perfluoroalkylsilanes films on the titanium
surface was investigated in milli- and nanonewton load ranges. Dependence of the adhesive
force and coefficient of friction values obtained in nano- and microscale on fluoroalkyl chain
length was observed. Nano- and microtribological measurements show that titanium modified
by fluoroalkylsilanes has lower adhesion and coefficient of friction than the unmodified one.
The investigation also indicates a decrease of the friction coefficient with increasing fluoric
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alkyl chain length. Fluoroalkylsilanes with three carbon atoms in chain compared to ten
carbon atoms in chain compounds are more reactive and are capable of vertical polymerizing
what confirmed FT-IR spectroscopy and ToF-SIMS measurements. Shorter chain molecules
provided weaker interactions between the backbone chain groups, larger number of structure
defects, and in consequence higher values of the adhesive force and coefficient of friction in
nano- and microscale.
This work is one of the few publications that presents a broad analysis of the impact of chains
length of organosilicon compounds on the structure of the layers, and indicates that there is
a correlation between the structure of the surface free energy and its components and
tribological properties.
My contribution is related to: preparation of the organosilanes layers, determination of the morphology structure and tribological studies in micro- and nanoscale, investigation of the modified titanium surface wettability, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 100%.
A-10. „ Tribological and stability investigations of alkylphosphonic acids on alumina
surface”
The paper is related to the studies reported in the publications A-1 and A-2. The
alkylphosphonic acids were prepared on the alumina surface using the liquid phase deposition
method. The effectiveness of modification of the alumina surface by alkylphosphonic acids
was investigated using water contact angle measurements, ToF-SIMS, XPS and FT-IR
spectroscopy. XPS data reveal that alkylphosphonic acids form chemical bonds with the
alumina surface. Contact angle studies prove that n-octadecylphosphonic acid (ODP) and
n-decylphosphonic acid (DP) films are highly hydrophobic, yielding water contact angles
120° and 116°, and surface energies 28 mJ/m2 and 29.5 mJ/m2, respectively. The results
obtained by contact angle and FT-IR spectroscopy agree well, and indicate that ODP produces
more ordered phosphonate films on the alumina substrate than DP. This finding is evidenced
by the highest value of contact angles and the presence of the asymmetric and symmetric
stretching bonds at lower wavenumbers for ODP.
Frictional behavior in millinewton load range was also studied by microtribometry. It
is shown that surface modification of the alumina surface by alkylphosphonic acids reduces
the coefficient of friction values compared to the unmodified alumina. In comparison with
the non-modified alumina surface, all tested alkylphosphonic acids cause a decrease in the
friction coefficients in friction tests for counterparts made from different materials, such as
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steel, zirconia and silicon nitride. It is also found that the alumina surface modified by
alkylphosphonic acids with longer chain has a higher degree of hydrophobicity and lower
coefficient of friction. The best frictional properties are obtained for the system consisting of
the alumina surface modified by n-octadecylphosphonic acid and silicon nitride counterpart.
Stability tests in different environmental conditions: laboratory, acidic and alkaline
solutions were also monitored. Stability tests performed in acidic and basic environments
reveal that longer chain alkylphosphonic acids modified alumina surface shows comparatively
better stability than shorter chains compounds. Contact angle and FT-IR spectroscopy
measurements confirmed the presence of alkylphosphonic acids after six months exposure to
laboratory conditions.
So far, a few works have investigated the chemical stability of organosilanes on copper and
silicon nitride. As one of the first authors, I conducted a investigations of impact of solutions
pH on the chemical stability of alkylphosphonic acids deposited on alumina surface.
My contribution is related to: preparation of the preparation of alkylphosphonic acids layers, determination of the morphology structure and tribological studies, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 60%.
This series of works present the research results involving the preparation and
tribological investigations of self-assembled monolayers/surface systems. The research
objective was obtaining nanometer thickness films which could allow control of surface
properties, such as wettability, adhesion, wear and in consequence could act as a lubricant.
As fabrication methods for these types of layers I used liquid phase deposition and
vapor phase deposition methods. Research was done with compounds: silanes,
alkylphosphonic acids and thiols with different structure. Chemical modification included
surfaces of titanium, alumina, silicon, cobalt, polydimethylsiloxane and gold.
In my research I used a variety of techniques (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry with
time of flight mass analyzer ─ ToF─SIMS, X─ray photoelectron spectroscopy ─ XPS,
infrared spectroscopy ─ FT─IR, scanning tunneling microscopy ─ STM). These techniques
allow the verification of film preparation and bond formation between compounds and
modified surfaces. Atomic force microscopy – AFM and microtribometer, have enabled
tribological investigations in nano- and micronewton load range. Magnetic force microscopy
– MFM, observation of the magnetic structure of the cobalt films composed of domains with a
considerable component of magnetization perpendicular to the film surface.
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In addition, I used ellipsometry in determining the thickness of the formed film. Based
on these studies, it was found that the thickness of films were below 10 nm, allowing us to
conclude that we are dealing with ultra-thin layers.
For prepared films micro- and nanotribological investigations were also performed.
They allow us to determine the influence of the compounds on adhesive force, coefficient of
friction and wearing values for systems consisting of the self-assembled monolayers/surface.
The experimental materials collected in these studies helped to determine the effect of the
compound‘s structure on the tribological properties of the systems.
Among the above-mentioned studies five dominant areas can be distinguished that mainly
focused on the:
– developing of an effective method for obtaining films with nanometer thicknesses on
substrates used in biomedical and electronics devices (publications A-1 − A-10)
– determining of the tribological properties in micro- and nanoscales (publications A-1−A-5
and A-7−A-10)
– indication of the correlation between compounds structure and adhesive force, coefficient of
friction and wear values (publications A-1−A-4, A-8, A-9)
– investigations of magnetic properties of unmodified cobalt and cobalt surface modified by
silanes (publications A-5, A-7)
– demonstration of the film’s application possibilities for the controlled deposition of gold
nanoparticles, protection of devices used in biomedical applications from wear and film
applications as a lubricant in devices where the micro- and nanonewton normal loads
dominate (publications A-3, A-4, A-6, A-8 )
Research from the first point has been taken with a view to developing an effective
method of preparation, selection of compounds which will be effective in modifying surfaces
and creating low-friction ant anti-wear ultrathin films.
In these series of publications I present methods of preparation and characterization of
ultrathin films. These films were obtained by using the following compounds:
alkylphosphonic acids, organosilanes and thiols. Films were prepared on surfaces such as
titanium, alumina, cobalt, gold and polydimethylsiloxane. Surface modification was carried
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out by compounds with different structure: chain length, type and structure of head and
terminal groups.
The investigated compounds had the following terminal groups: ─CH3, ─CF3,
and head groups: ─SH, ─PO(OH)2, ─SiCl3, ─Si(OMe)3, ─Si(OEt)3, ─Si(CH3)2Cl.
Surface modification was performed by gas and liquid chase deposition methods.
Optimum deposition parameters, such as immersion time, temperature and solution
concentration and gas pressure were performed experimentally. These conditions depend on
the type of compounds used, compound structure and surface which is being modified [A-3,
A-9, A-10].
Self-assembled monolayers were prepared from liquid and gas phase deposition
methods. The verification of the modification procedure was performed by XPS, ToF-SIMS
oraz FT-IR techniques. On the basis of XPS and FT-IR spectra it was found that compounds
form ultrathin films on studied surfaces.
Interpretation of the results obtained by using XPS and ToF-SIMS allows for the
verification of chemical modification of the titanium, alumina, cobalt and gold surfaces and
suggests the production of chemical bonds between the molecules and the substrate surface
surface–O–Si–, surface–O–P– and surface–S–.
The ellipsometry measurements allowed us to determine the thickness of the films.
Based on these studies and also on XPS measurements, it can be concluded that the obtained
film thickness is below 10 nanometers. The thicknesses of films, determined from the
ellipsometric measurements on the titanium, alumina and silicon surfaces modified by
different compounds, are comparable with the values obtained by the theoretical model
determined using HyperChem 7.5 (except FPTS film). The thickness of the FPTS layer is
much larger than the theoretical value which is probably due to vertical polymerization and
formation of multilayers and agglomerates of the FPTS compound.
Analysis of the results of the ToF-SIMS and ellipsometry measurements stems from
the compound structure’s (carbon chain length) effect on various types of polymerization that
occur on the surface. In the case of FDTS compound, horizontal polymerization occurs, while
for FPTS, vertical polymerization takes place. Horizontal polymerization provides densely
packed and ordered films while vertical polymerization gives a lot of possible surface
F F
F
FF
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structures, including formation of gauche defects and disorder in the formed layer. This
disorder has an influence on the wettability and frictional measurements.
Investigations performed in the second and third research question allowed the
identification and explanation of the tribological properties which are the key to the
possibility of self-assembled layer usage in applications. The coefficient of friction
measurements was performed using microtribometer and AFM. These techniques allowed me
to characterize the frictional properties of the films and compare the impact of changes in the
chemical structure and topography of the measured coefficient of friction in the micro- and
nanonewton load range. Finding a correlation between the results of friction tests confirm the
thesis that the chemical structure of materials determined the friction processes (for the
described normal loads).
The result of tribological research shows that the compound’s structure affects the
coefficient of friction values. The crucial factors are: carbon chain length, the presence of
fluorine atoms in the backbone chain and the structure of the head group. Comparing the
effect of the presence of aromatic ring and alkyl chain on the coefficient of friction and
adhesive force values, it can be concluded that the higher values are obtained for aromatic
compounds. This is due to the presence of stearic hindrance and in consequence with
a packing density decrease.
In the case of silanes, compounds with a longer, perfluoroalkyl, chain (FDTS) exhibit
lower coefficient of friction values and adhesive force in mili- and nanonewton load range.
The effect of the chain length on the tribological properties results from the different degree of
order and packing density. The shorter molecules assemble into a less dense, liquid-like
structure. Increasing the chain length results in an increase of the van der Waals interaction
between the alkyl chains, and this in turn leads to a more crystalline, all-trans conformation of
the chains. The lower order for shorter molecules is supported by FT─IR spectroscopy
investigations and is also evident in the smaller contact angle and surface free energy values.
Siloxane networks between neighboring molecules also provide lower values of the
coefficient of friction and adhesive force values.
Surfaces modified by FDTS are hydrophobic, hence lower values of the surface free
energy and show insignificant changes in the coefficient of friction values in nano- and
microscale. It is connected with the limitation of the formation of water meniscus. Limitation
of the formation of water meniscus affects the decrease of capillary forces existing between
studied surface and their counterparts. In the case of phosphonic acids the lowest coefficient
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of friction, adhesive force values and the highest wear resistance in nanoscale provide
compounds with perfluoroalkyl chains. Modified surfaces show a stable value of coefficient
of friction and adhesive force in the 10–90% humidity range (for unmodified surfaces these
values increase with a relative humidity increase).
In summary, the best modifiers (compounds which provide the lowest values of
coefficient of friction, adhesion and wear in investigated, tribological systems) are compounds
which possess fluorinated, ten carbon atom chains.
Another undertaken research area was the investigation of the magnetic structure of the
cobalt film before and after modification by silanes. This issue is important because of the use
of cobalt and its alloys in magnetic sensors and magneto-optics. Cobalt and its alloys have
also been used in the military, aerospace industry and also in biomedical applications,
including the therapy of cardiovascular diseases and orthopedics. The widespread use of
cobalt alloys is associated with their high resistance to corrosion and wear, and their tolerance
in an environment of tissue and body fluids.
They exhibit different magnetic properties, such as magnetic anisotropy, magnetic
microstructure, coercivity and magnetoresistance, depending on their thickness, composition,
crystalline structure and preparation conditions.
The main aim of the A-5 and A-7 publications was imaging magnetic and morphology
structures of the silane modified cobalt by atomic and magnetic force microscopies. The
presented research showed that the magnetic domain structure exhibited a maze stripe pattern.
The domains had their magnetizations perpendicular to the film surface. The domain structure
of the cobalt film modified by fluorosilane was practically the same (in character and in size)
as that observed for the bare cobalt film. MFM observation showed that domain width
increased from typically 80–120 nm to 400–500 nm with an increasing thickness of films
from about 2 nm to 30 nm. This is connected with magnetic anisotropy decrease in the
investigated system: cobalt-silane.
In the presented series of publications I have shown the possibility of film application for
controlled deposition of gold nanoparticles [A-6], as protection layers for biomedical devices
[A-3] and as lubricants in applications where nanonewton and milinewton normal loads
dominate [A-1, A-2, A-5, A-9]. In the case of the controlled deposition of gold nanoparticles
for their characterization using by STM, I have shown that a compound’s structure affects
gold deposition efficiency. The film composed with aliphatic molecules was found to be
a better candidate for the controlled nanoparticle deposition interface than molecules with
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aromatic rings. It was determined that the best properties of the aliphatic compounds are
connected with the lack of steric hindrance (presented in the aromatic dithiols) and, associated
with this hindrance, defects in the formed film.
In the case of the self-assembled monolayer application in protection devices used in
biomedicine, I focused on studies of the polydimethylsiloxane properties. Due to its
properties: high hydrophobicity and visco-elastic properties, polydimethylsiloxane is used in
biomedical applications; for example for the production of contact lenses and microsystems
which are used in DNA analysis, enzymatic and immunology tests or stent covering. In
publication A-3 I show that silanes are an effective protection for PDMS against wear.
The main issues presented in the literature which is the basis for the habilitation procedure
application was to control the tribological properties of the surfaces used in systems where the
loads are ranges nano- and micronewtons such as microelectromechanical systems.
I proved that silanes and alkylphosphonic acids can be an effective protection for surfaces
used in MEMS/NEMS applications. The self-assembled monolayer coefficient of friction,
adhesive force and wear decrease even several times in comparison with the unmodified
surface.
Analyzing the collected results, I have shown an effective method to modify surfaces
and also prove the existence of the correlation between the structure of compounds and their
physicochemical properties.
V. Scientific works published before receiving of the doctor degree
B-1. S. Kadłubowski, J. Grobelny, W. Olejniczak, M. Cichomski, P. Ulański
„Pulses of fast electrons as a tool to synthesize poly(acrylic acid) nanogels. Intramolecular
cross-linking of linear polymer chains in additive-free aqueous solution”
Macromolecules 36, 2484–2492 (2003)
My contribution is related to: visualization and identification of the nanogels roughness obtained using an atomic force microscope. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-2. G. Celichowski, I. Piwoński, M. Cichomski, K. Koralewski, S. Płaza, W. Olejniczak,
J. Grobelny
„The influence of methyl groups content on tribological properties of organo-silica
thin films”
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Tribology Letters 14, 181–185 (2003)
My contribution is related to: studies of the tribological properties by atomic force microscopy, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-3. J. Grobelny, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, K. Koralewski, I. Piwoński
„Friction force microscopy study of porous methylsilica thin films”
Tribologia 188, 19–26 (2003)
My contribution is related to: measurements of the topography, determination of the pore diameters in the methylsilica films, frictional investigations in nanoscale and also analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-4. M. Cichomski, L. Margielewski, E. Barylska, I. Piwoński
„ Investigation of nanostructure ordering and nanofrictional property of O,O,S-methyl
polyethoxyglycol triester of dithiophosphoric acid layer on stainless steel and on gold”
Tribologia 188, 145–158 (2003)
My contribution is related to: performance of topography of the layers adsorbed on steel and gold substrates and tribological measurements by atomic force microscopy. I declare my contribution to be equal to 40%.
B-5. K. Chrobak, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, I. Piwoński
„Investigation of LB monolayers of arachidic acid with use of atomic force microscopy”
Tribologia 188, 159–165 (2003)
My contribution is related to: the determination of Langmuir (LB) monolayers of arachidic acid morphology and wear, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-6. W. Szmaja, K. Polański, M. Cichomski
„ Investigation of the physical microstructure and magnetic domain structure of sintered
SmCo5 permanent magnets”
Acta Physicae Superficierum 5, 65–78 (2003)
My contribution is related to: the determination of MFM measurements and the analysis of the study of magnetic domain structure of the anisotropic sintered magnets SmCo5, at the surface perpendicular to the alignment axis. I declare my contribution to be equal to 40%.
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B-7. M. Wiśniewski, M. Cichomski
„Identification of friction and wear anti-wear coatings”
Tribologia 191, 383–394 (2003)
My contribution is related to: preparation of the composite materials with the phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix containing solid lubricant particles and optimization of the composition of solid lubricants. I declare my contribution to be equal to 50%.
B-8. J. Grobelny, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, A. J. Kulik, I. Piwoński, S. Płaza
„Comparison of two methods of methyl group grafting to the silica thin film surface and its
tribological properties measured by atomic force microscopy”
Tribology Letters 16, 181–185 (2004)
My contribution is related to: the frictional studies performed by atomic force microscopy, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-9. W. Szmaja, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, K. Makita, W. Rodewald
„MFM study of sintered permanent magnets”
Physica Status Solidi (a) 201, 550–555 (2004)
My contribution is related to: measurements and the analysis of the study of magnetic domain structure and morphological structure of the anisotropic sintered magnets Nd–Fe–B and SmCo5 at the surface perpendicular to the alignment axis. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-10. W. Szmaja, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, K. Makita
„Application of MFM for studying Nd–Fe–B magnets”
Vacuum 74, 297–300 (2004)
My contribution is related to: measurements and the analysis of the study of magnetic domain structure and morphological structure of the anisotropic sintered magnets Nd–Fe–B at the surface perpendicular to the alignment axis. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-11. M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, A. Ilik
„Właściwości tribologiczne warstw samoorganizujących (SAMs) osadzonych na Au”
Tribologia 197, 41–47 (2004)
My contribution is related to: preparation of the self-assembled monolayers, studies of the morphological structure using scanning tunneling microscopy and also tribological investigations in nano- and microscale. I deal with the analysis and interpretation of results and manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 60%.
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
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B-12. W. Szmaja, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski
„Domain structure of sintered SmCo5 magnets studied by magnetic force microscopy”
Applied Physics Letters 85, 2878–2880 (2004)
My contribution is related to: analysis and discussion of results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-13. W. Szmaja, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski
„MFM investigation of the domain structure of cobalt single crystals”
Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 54 Suppl. D, D245–D248 (2004)
My contribution is related to: measurements and the analysis of the results of magnetic domain structure and morphological structure on the (0001) surface cobalt single crystals. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-14. W. Szmaja, J. Balcerski, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski
„Imaging magnetic structures: from thin films to nanometer scale domains”
Acta Physicae Superficierum 7, 125–133 (2004)
My contribution is related to: measurements performed by MFM and AFM, the analysis and interpretation of the results of magnetic domain structure and morphological structure of the anisotropic sintered magnets Nd–Fe–B at the surface perpendicular to the alignment axis. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-15. S. Domagała, J. Dziegieć, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny
„The mediatory activity of iron(II) ions immobilized on glassy carbon in Nafion film”
Annals of the Polish Chemical Society 3, 825–885 (2004)
My contribution is related to: the nafion film studies by AFM and the size determination of the agglomerates present on the surface after modification, interpretation and analysis of obtained results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-16. I. Piwoński, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, G. Celichowski, J. Rogowski
„Preparation method of two dimensional silica-like surface from
3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) surface”
Applied Surface Science 242, 147–153 (2005)
My contribution is related to: preparation of MPTMS layers on gold surface, determination of monolayers properties by using STM, interpretation and analysis of obtained results and manuscript preparation. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
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VI. Other scientific works published after receiving of the doctor degree
B-17. L. Nowak, G. Andrijewski, D. Tomczyk, M. Cichomski
„Modification of glassy carbon electrode with phenanthroline complexes of manganese(II)
immobilized in nafion layer”
Polish Journal of Chemistry 81, 493-503 (2007)
My contribution is related to: visualization of complexes of manganese(II) deposited on glassy carbon electrode modified by nafion layer and also interpretation and analysis of obtained results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-18. S. Domagała, J. Dziegieć, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny
„The Mediatory Activity of Ce(IV)/Ce(III) Redox System Immobilized in Nafion Film on
Glassy Carbon”
Polish Journal of Chemistry 81, 1049–1061 (2007)
My contribution is related to: measurements and the analysis of the study of topographical structure of the glassy carbon electrode topography modified by nafion layer and cerium ions. Interpretation and analysis of obtained results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-19. W. Szmaja, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, K. Makita, W. Kozłowski
„Imaging domains of hard magnetic materials by SEM and MFM”
Vacuum 81, 1367–1370 (2007)
My contribution is related to: measurements performed by MFM of magnetic domain structure of the anisotropic sintered magnets Nd–Fe–B and interpretation and analysis of obtained results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-20. B. Bhushan, M. Cichomski, Z. Tao, N.T. Tran, T. Ethen, C. Merton, R.E. Jewett
„Nanotribological characterization and lubricant degradation studies of metal-film magnetic
tapes using novel lubricants”
Journal of Tribology 129, 621–627 (2007)
My contribution is related to: studies in nanoscale of adhesive force, friction and wear of metal-film magnetic tapes performed by AFM. Lubricant degradation studies by using mass spectrometer in high vacuum. Investigations of the durability of the tapes in ambient air and high humidity, interpretation and analysis of obtained results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-21. W. Szmaja, J. Balcerski, W. Kozłowski, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski
„Investigation of the Morphological Structure of Thin Cobalt Films by AFM and TEM”
Acta Physica Polonica A 113, 171–174 (2008)
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My contribution is related to: determining by means of AFM morphological structure of the cobalt films with the 40 nm and 100 nm thickness, analysis and interpretation of the results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-22. M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, G. Celichowski
„Preparation and tribological tests of thin fluoroorganic films”
Applied Surface Science 254, 4273–4278 (2008)
My contribution is related to: modification of the silicon as the reference surface, modification of MPTMS layers obtained on gold surface and nanotribological investigations. I also performed the analysis and interpretation of the results, manuscript edition. I declare my contribution to be equal to 40%.
B-23. G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, M. Psarski, M. Wiśniewski
„Elastic yarn tensioner with a noncontinuous antiwear nanocomposite pattern”
Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 72, 91–96 (2009)
My contribution is related to: measurements performed by using AFM, determination of the dispersion degree of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, the analysis and interpretation of the results, manuscript edition. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-24. P. Neska-Bakus, L. Margielewski, M. Cichomski
„Tribological properties of n-alcohols, n-alkylphenyls and glycols alkoxy dithiophosphates in
friction contacts: steel-steel, Al2O3-Al2O3 and steel-Al2O3”
Tribologia 234, 87–98 (2010)
My contribution is related to: studies of lubricating additives adsorption on steel surface, analysis and interpretation of the results, manuscript edition. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-25. A. Ptak, M. Makowski, M. Cichomski
„Characterization of nanoscale adhesion between a fluoroalkyl silane monolayer and
a silicon AFM tip. Complex character of the interaction potential”
Chemical Physics Letters 489, 54–58 (2010)
My contribution is related to: preparation of the silane monolayer by gas phase deposition and manuscript edition. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%.
B-26. A. Busiakiewicz, A. Huczko, T. Dudziak, M. Puchalski, W. Kozłowski, M. Cichomski,
S. Cudziło, Z. Klusek, W. Olejniczak
„Defects of SiC nanowires studied by STM and STS”
Applied Surface Science 256, 4771–4776 (2010)
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
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My contribution is related to: discussion and interpretation of results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 5%.
B-27. W. Szmaja, W. Kozłowski, J. Balcerski, P. J. Kowalczyk, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski
„Study of obliquely deposited thin cobalt films”
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 506, 526–529 (2010)
My contribution is related to: determining by means of AFM morphological structure of the cobalt films with the 40 nm and 100 nm thickness, analysis and interpretation of the results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-28. W. Szmaja, W. Kozłowski, K. Polański, J. Balcerski, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny,
M. Zieliński, E. Miękoś
„Investigation of thick cobalt films electrodeposited on gold substratem”
Chemical Physics Letters 542, 117–122 (2012)
My contribution is related to: measurements and the analysis of the results of magnetic domain structure of cobalt films with 14 µm, 28 µm and 55 µm thickness. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-29. W. Szmaja, J. Balcerski, W. Kozłowski, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, M. Smolny, P. J.
Kowalczyk
„Study of thermally evaporated thin permalloy films by the Fresnel mode of TEM and AFM”
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 521, 174–177 (2012)
My contribution is related to: morphological structure measurements of thin permalloy films with 10 nm and 60 nm thickness by using AFM and analysis and interpretation of the results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-30. W. Szmaja, W. Kozłowski, K. Polański, J. Balcerski, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny,
M. Zieliński, E. Miękoś
„Study of the morphological and magnetic structures of nanocrystalline cobalt films obtained
by electrodeposition”
Materials Chemistry and Physics 132, 1060–1064 (2012)
My contribution is related to: measurements and the analysis of the results of magnetic domain structure of cobalt films with 14 µm and 23 µm thickness. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
B-31. W. Szmaja, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, S. Hirosawa, Y. Shigemoto
„Magnetic force microscopy investigation of the domain structure of nanocomposite
Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B magnets ”
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
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Acta Materialia 59, 531–536 (2011)
My contribution is related to: measurements and the analysis of the results of magnetic domain structure and morphological structure of nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B magnets. I declare my contribution to be equal to 30%. B-32. B. Rudolf, M. Salmain, J. Grobelny, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski
„Preparation of metallocarbonyl-gold-antibody bioconjugates for mid-IR optical
Immunosensing”
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry734, 32–37 (2013)
My contribution is related to: topographical studies of the bioconjugantes which include metallocarbonyl compounds, gold nanoparticles and antibodies, interpretation and analysis of obtained results. I declare my contribution to be equal to 20%.
VII. Participation in national and international sc ientific conferences
1) E. Barylska, A. Socha, M. Cichomski, S. Płaza, Morphology and Tribological Properties of
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Dialkyldithiophosphoric Acids on Au (111) Surfaces, IV
International Conference on Tribochemistry, 2005, Kraków, Poland
2) M. Cichomski, B. Bhushan, Nanotribological Characterization of Self-Assembled
Monolayers with Alkyl and Perfluoroalkyl Spacer Chains Deposited on Silicon and Aluminum
Substrates, Thirteenth Sponsors Meeting of Nanotribology Laboratory for Information
Storage and MEMS/NEMS, 22–23 May 2006, Columbus, USA
3) M. Cichomski, B. Bhushan, Nanotribological Characterization of Perfluorosilane Self-
Assembled Monolayers Deposited on Silicon and Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces, Thirteenth
Sponsors Meeting of Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage and MEMS/NEMS,
22–23 May 2006, Columbus, USA
4) M. Cichomski, B. Bhushan, Nanotribological Characterization of Vapor Phase Deposited
Positively-Charged Self Assembled Monolayers Deposited on Polydimethylsiloxane for
Nanochannel Application, AVS 53 International Symposium & Exhibition, 12–17November,
2006, San Francisco, California, USA
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5) P. Krzyczmonik, S. Domagała, H. Scholl, J. Dziegieć, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny,
Electrochemical activity of Ce(III) ions immobilized in nafion film on platinum, 7th
International Conference Advanced batteries and accumulators, Brno, Czech Republic, 4─6
June, 2006
6) W. Szmaja, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, K. Makita, W. Kozłowski, Imaging domains of
hard magnetic materials by SEM and MFM”, VI International Conference “Ion implantation
and other applications of ions and electrons”, Kazimierz Dolny, Poland, 26─29 June, 2006
7) W. Szmaja, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, J. Balcerski, Investigations of magnetic structures
by magnetic force microscopy and electron microscopy, IV Seminarium “Badania
prowadzone metodami skaningowej mikroskopii bliskich oddziaływan” STM/AFM,
Zakopane, 6─10 December 2006
8) W. Szmaja, J. Balcerski, W. Kozłowski, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, Investigation of the
morphological structure of thin cobalt films by AFM and TEM, 13th Czech and Slovak Conf.
“Magnetism”, Koszyce, Slovakia, 9–12 July 2007
9) M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, G. Celichowski, Preparation and investigation of thin
fluoroorganic films, 3rd International Workshop “Surfaces Physics”, Polanica Zdrój, 10–15
September 2007
10) W. Szmaja, W. Kozłowski, J. Balcerski, J. Grobelny, M. Cichomski, Study of obliquely
deposited thin cobalt films, 3rd International Workshop “Surface Physics”, Polanica Zdrój,
10–15 September 2007
11) G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, DLS and AFM in measuring of gold,
European Materials Research Society E-MRS 2007 Fall Meeting, Warsaw, 17─21 September,
2007
12) M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, P. Kowalczyk, W. Kozłowski, J. Rogowski, Self-assembled
monolayers as surfaces to controlled deposition of gold nanoparticles
V Seminarium STM/AFM, Zakopane, 26─30 November, 2008
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
- 31 -
13) M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, P. Kowalczyk, W. Kozłowski, Tribological properties of self-
assembled monolayers na gold Au(111) surface, V Seminarium STM/AFM, Zakopane, 26─30
November, 2008
14) W. Szmaja, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, High resolution investigations of domain
structures by magnetic force microscopy, V Seminarium STM/AFM, Zakopane, 26─30
November, 2008
15) M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, K. Kośla, P. Uznański, W. Kozłowski, A. Busiakiewicz,
W. Szmaja, J. Balcerski, Nano- and Microtribological Characterization of Fluorosilanes
Deposited on Cobalt Substrate, 4th International Workshop on Surface Physics Surfaces and
Nanostructures, Lądek Zdrój, Poland, 20─25 September 2009
16) M. Cichomski, W. Szmaja, MFM and AFM Study of Thin Cobalt Films Modified by
Fluorosilane, 4th International Workshop on Surface Physics Surfaces and Nanostructures,
Lądek Zdrój, Poland, 20─25 September 2009
17) A. Busiakiewicz, M. Puchalski, W. Kozłowski, Z. Klusek, W. Olejniczak, A. Huczko,
T. Dudziak, M. Cichomski, Defects of SiC Nanowires Studied by STM and STS, 4th
International Workshop on Surface Physics Surfaces and Nanostructures, Lądek Zdrój,
Poland, 20─25 September 2009
18) A. Ptak, M. Makowski, M. Niemier, M. Cichomski, H. Gojzewski, R. Czajka,
Characterization of Silane Nanoadhesion by means of Dynamic Force Spectroscopy,
Nanotech, Conference & Expo 2009, 3–7 May 2009, Houston
19) M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, J. Rogowski, Nano- and Microtribological Characterization
of Fluorosilane Deposited on Titanium and Silicon Substrates, 5th International Conference
on Tribochemistry, Lanzhou, China, 14–16 September, 2009
20) M. Cichomski, J. Rogowski, K. Kośla
Characterization of fuoroalkylsilane films deposited on titanium surface
II Konferencja Nano- i Mikromechaniki, Krasiczyn 6─8 July, 2010
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
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21) M. Cichomski, K. Kośla
Preparation and characterization of ultrathin films obtained by polydimethylsiloxane matrix
IV Krajowa Konferencja Nanotechnologii NANO 2010, Poznań, 28 June–02 July 2010
22) M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, W. Kozłowski, J. Rogowski, W. Pawlak
Modification and tribological properties of perfluoroalkylsilanes on titanium surface
IV Krajowa Konferencja Nanotechnologii NANO 2010, Poznań, 28 June–02 July 2010
23) M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, W. Szmaja, W. Kozłowski, J. Rogowski
Investigation of the structure of fluoroalkylsilanes on alumina surface by XPS and ToF–SIMS
VIII–th International Conference, Ion Implantation and Other Applications of Ions and
Electrons, Kazimierz Dolny, 14–17 June 2010
24) W. Szmaja, M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, J. Balcerski
TEM and AFM investigation of obliquely evaporated thin cobalt films
VIII – th International Conference, Ion Implantation and Other Applications of Ions and
Electrons, Kazimierz Dolny, 14–17 June 2010
25) J. Grobelny, E. Tomaszewska, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, S. Różalska
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles to antibacterial applications
IV Krajowa Konferencja Nanotechnologii, NANO 2010, Poznań 28 June─2 July 2010
26) E. Tomaszewska, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, W. Zieliński, J. Grobelny
Synthesis and characterization of gold, silver and copper nanoparticles
IV Krajowa Konferencja Nanotechnologii, NANO 2010, Poznań, 28 June─2 July 2010
27) E. Tomaszewska, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny
The influence of sodium citrate and tannic acid on the size and monodispersity of synthesized
silver nanoparticles
12th JCF Frühjahrssymposium, Gottingen, 17─20 March 2010, Germany
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
- 33 -
28) W. Szmaja, M. Cichomski, J. Balcerski
Investigations of thin cobalt films on Si(100) surface by magnetic and atomic force
microscopies
VI Seminarium STM/AFM 2010 Badania prowadzone metodami skaningowej mikroskopii
bliskich oddziaływań, Zakopane, 1─5 December 2010
29) M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, J. Grobelny, W. Kozłowski
Influence of silane structures on tribological properties
VI Seminarium STM/AFM 2010 Badania prowadzone metodami skaningowej mikroskopii
bliskich oddziaływań, Zakopane, 1─5 December 2010
30) M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, J. Rogowski
Preparation and characterization of fluoroalkylsilane
VI Seminarium STM/AFM 2010 Badania prowadzone metodami skaningowej mikroskopii
bliskich oddziaływań, Zakopane, 1─5 December 2010
31) W. Szmaja, M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, J. Balcerski
Investigation of the domain structure of cobalt films on glass substrates
14-th Czech and Slovak Conference on Magnetism CSMAG’10, Kosice, 6─9 July 2010
32) E. Tomaszewska, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, K. Kądzioła, P. Neska-Bakus, B. Tkacz,
J. Grobelny
Controlled Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method
13th JCF Frühjahrssymposium, Erlangen, 23─26 March 2011, Germany
33) J. Grobelny, E. Tomaszewska, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, W. Zieliński
Nanoscale Metrology – Key Process in Application of Nanoobjects
V Krajowa Konferencja Nanotechnologii NANO 2011, Gdańsk 3─7 July 2011
34) K. Kośla, M. Cichomski
Preparation and frictional properties of one- and twocomponent silane layers on titanium
surface
V Krajowa Konferencja Nanotechnologii NANO 2011, Gdańsk, 3─7 July 2011
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
- 34 -
35) M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, W. Kozłowski, J. Grobelny
Silanes and their tribological properties in nano- and microscale
V Krajowa Konferencja Nanotechnologii NANO 2011, Gdańsk, 3─7 July 2011
36) K. Kośla, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny, W. Kozłowski, J. Rogowski
Tribological investigation of the fluoroalkylsilane film obtained by vapor phase deposition
method
5th International Workshop on Surface Physics “ Surfaces and Nanostructures” ECOSS-28,
Lądek Zdrój, 2─5 September 2011
37) M. Cichomski, K. Kośla
Nanotribological properties of the fluorosilane monolayers
5th International Workshop on Surface Physics” Surfaces and Nanostructures” ECOSS-28,
Lądek Zdrój, 2─5 September 2011
38) J. Grobelny, E. Tomaszewska, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, W. Zieliński
Nanoscale Metrology – Key Process in Application of Nanoobjects
WELCOME Scientific Meeting on Hybrid Nanostructures, Toruń, 28─31 August
39) B. Rudolf, M. Salmain, J. Grobelny, G. Celichowski, E. Tomaszewska, M. Cichomski
Synthesis of metalocarbonyl complexes immobilized on gold nanoparticles and trial to apply
them in biochemistry
54. Zjazd Naukowy Polskiego Towarzystwa Chemicznego i Stowarzyszenia Inżynierów i
Techników Przemysłu Chemicznego, Lublin, 18─22 September 2011
40) W. Szmaja, M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, J. Balcerski,
Investigation of cobalt films modified by fluoroalkylsilanes
13th European Conf. Physics of Magnetism 2011, Poznań, 27 June─1 July 2011
41) K. Kośla, M. Cichomski, W. Kozłowski
Preparation and tribological characterization of organosilanes on alumina surface
III Krajowa Konferencja Nano- i Mikromechaniki, Warsaw 4─6 July 2012
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
- 35 -
42) J. Grobelny, E. Tomaszewska, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, B. Tkacz-Szczęsna,
M. Rosowski
Nanoparticles characterization for biomedical application
Workshop – New trends in toxicology: Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials, Lodz, Poland
28─30 May 2012,
43) M. Cichomski, K. Kośla, J. Grobelny, W. Szmaja
Preparation and characterization of alkylphosphonic self-assembled monolayers
VII Seminarium STM/AFM 2012 Badania prowadzone metodami skaningowej mikroskopii
bliskich oddziaływań, Zakopane, 28 November─2 December 2012
44) K. Kośla, M. Cichomski, J. Grobelny
Preparation and tribological characterization of one- and two-component organosilanes
layers on alumina surface
VII Seminarium STM/AFM 2012 Badania prowadzone metodami skaningowej mikroskopii
bliskich oddziaływań, Zakopane, 28 November─2 December 2012
45) W. Kozłowski, W. Szmaja, M. Cichomski, M. Zieliński, E. Miękoś
Investigations of nonocrystalline cobalt layers sputtered on gold surface by electrochemical
method
VII Seminarium STM/AFM 2012 Badania prowadzone metodami skaningowej mikroskopii
bliskich oddziaływań, Zakopane, 28 November─2 December 2012
46) J. Grobelny, G. Celichowski, M. Cichomski, A. Kisielewska, I. Piwoński, M. Psarski,
R. Stanecka-Badura
Scientific activity of the nanomaterials and tribology research group
Chemistry Workshop: Lodz─Giessen Chemistry Workshop,
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 10─14 October 2012
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
- 36 -
VIII. Participation in conference organization 1. 4th International Conference on Tribochemistry, 3–5 October 2005, Kraków, Poland,
Collegium Maius, Jagiellonian University
2. 6th International Conference on Tribochemistry and Nanomaterials, 4–6 September 2013
Lodz, Poland University of Lodz.
IX. Patent application
Stanisław Płaza, Andrzej Łopusiński, Stanisław Wojciech Markowicz, Renata Stanecka-
Badura, Michał Cichomski
"Application of the poly(oxyalkyl)dithiophosphates acids derivatives as multipurpose
lubricant additives with low phosphorus content"
Patent application nr P.401247 2012/10/16
X. Scientific projects
2002–2004, Research grant promotorski of KBN, number 4 T08D 038 25, „Morphological
and nanotribological studies of nanocomposite materials” – project contractor
2004–2006, Research grant of KBN, number 4 T07B 036 26, „Definition and optimization of
the tribological properties of layers obtained by sol-gel technique”– project contractor
2008–2010, Research grant of Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, number N
N507 350435, „Synthesis and characterization of gold, silver and copper nanoparticles” –
project contractor
2010–2012, Research grant of Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, number N
N507 551538, „Preparation of ultrathin films of organofluorine compounds for tribological
applications”– head of the project
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
- 37 -
2012–2015, Research grant of National Science Centra, number 2012/05/B/ST8/02876,
„Study of the relationships between the chemical structure and topography of
superhydrophobic surfaces and their anti-icing properties” – main project contractor
XI. Scientific reviews
I reviewed 9 publications in international journals from Journal Citation Reports,
including:
1. Surface and Coatings Technology ─ 1
2. Tribology International ─ 2
3. American Chemical Society, Applied Materials & Interfaces ─ 2
4. Journal of Alloys and Compounds ─ 1
5. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids ─ 1
6. Applied Surface Science ─ 2
XII. Didactics 1. Leading and coordinaton of courses
In 2006─2012 I was lecturer, both laboratory classes and lectures (including 10
different classes). I am the coordinator of items: Measurement techniques in material
properties and Nanomaterials measurements techniques.
1. Measurement techniques in material properties ─ monographic lecture
2. Measurement techniques in material properties ─ laboratory class
3. Nanomaterials measurements techniques ─ monographic lecture
4. Nanomaterials measurements techniques ─ laboratory class
5. Technology of Chemistry II ─ laboratory class
6. Technology of Chemistry II ─ laboratory class
7. Specialization subject ─ laboratory class
8. Selected Chemical Technologies ─ laboratory class
9. Petrochemistry ─ laboratory class
10 Nanotechnology ─ laboratory class
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
- 38 -
2. Substantive care of students
With the consent of the authorities of University of Lodz, I am a supervisor of master thesis. I
supervised 15 master's theses.
XIII. Received awards and distinctions
1. Rector of the University of Lodz award - team award, the first degree for scientific
achievements in 2010
2. Rector of the University of Lodz award - team award, the second degree for teaching and
educational achievements in 2012
XIV. Expertise or other investigations realization to business or entities
performing public functions
Expertise:
The Research on concentrations on the petroleum substances by infra-red spectroscopy
in the sewages of precipitation drained from the rain sewer system of the city of Lodz to the
rivers and in the samples of sewage drained to the rain sewer system of the city of Lodz.
Water Supply and Sewage Company in Lodz 2007
The research on the petroleum hydrocarbons, determination of the mineral oil index
(the method based on the solvent extraction and gas chromatography) in the sewages of
precipitation drained from the rain sewer system of the city of Lodz to the rivers, and in the
samples of sewage drained to the rain sewer system of the city of Lodz. Water Supply and
Sewage Company in Lodz 2008
Physicochemical characterization of the modifiers having (exhibiting) photocatalytic
properties: product n°1 (TiO2) and n°2 (Ag/TiO2) supplied by Textile Research Institute in
Lodz ─ 2011
Michał Cichomski Author’s review of his research
- 39 -
XV. Promotion of chemistry
Workshop „Nanotribology”, in cycle of the Tribological Workshops, Lodz, 17.06.2008
Worshop „friction in microscale”, in cycle of the Tribological Workshops, Lodz, 24.05.2011
XVI. Statistic of scientific work
1. Publications:
Total number of publications from Journal Citation Reports: 33.
- number of publications before obtaining a doctoral degree: 8.
- number of publications after obtaining a doctoral degree: 25.
Total number of other publications not included in Journal Citation Reports: 9
- number of publications before obtaining a doctoral degree: 8.
- number of publications after obtaining a doctoral degree: 1.
2. Summarized impact factor (according to the data from 2012): 62,901.
3. Total points of MNiSW (according to the data from 2012): 1002.
4. Total impact factor (from years of publication of the articles): 57,887.
5. Total citations according to Web of Science: 200.
6. Citations without self-citations according to Web of Science: 167.
7. Hirsch index according to Web of Science: 8.
8. Number of publications which are scientific achievements submitted for the habilitation
procedure: 10.
9. Total impact factor of publications which are scientific achievements submitted for the
habilitation procedure according to Web of Science: 77.
10. Total impact factor of publications which are scientific achievements submitted for the
habilitation procedure (according to the data from 2012 year): 19,737.
11. Total impact factor of publications which are scientific achievements submitted for the
habilitation procedure (from years of publication of the articles): 19,027.
12. Total points of MNiSW for publications which are scientific achievements submitted for
the habilitation procedure (according to the 2012 year): 315.