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7/31/2019 Perko - Media Reporting on nuclear emergencies: What Can We Learn for Better Communication
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Tanja PerkoBelgian Nuclear Research Centre SCKCEN
Turcanu C., Nuclear Research Centre SCKCEN, BelgiumPrezelj I., University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Cantone M-C. , University of Milano, Italy
Media reporting on Nuclear Emergencies:
What can we learn for bettercommunication?
International Experts Meeting on Enhancing Transparency and
Communication Effectiveness in the event of a Nuclear or Radiological
EmergencyVienna, June 18-20, 2012
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7/31/2019 Perko - Media Reporting on nuclear emergencies: What Can We Learn for Better Communication
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In this presentation we demonstrate that:
Media creates a high media pressure at the beginning ofan emergency attention is lost for later phases.
Nuclear emergency management has to be prepared forfield reporting.
A nuclear accident is (ab)used in media coverage as aframe for discussions about nuclear energy.
Centralisation of communication in nuclear emergencies is
not possible. The most conflicting topic in emergency management is
(still) public communication.
The gap between technical language and common
language is (still) huge.
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Attentiveness to Fukushima accidentmonotonous decrease = challenge for recovery
(Content analysis of 2 Belgian, 2 Italian and 2 Slovenian newspapers, 2 months)
Number of articles published per week
20
13
405357
77
116148
196
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Week after the accident (11-03-2011)
Numberofarticles
N=720
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Field reporting = challenge for emergency managementAs close to the issue as possible
Although danger, not allowed, disturbing, uncertain .the journalists want to and have to report from the area
of the nuclear/ radiological emergency.
In every nuclear emergency, there will be journalists
reporting from the field.
Photos: Veerle de Vos, VRT
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Media reportedmore than only about the accident
(Content analysis of 2 Belgian, 2 Italian and 2 Slovenian newspapers, 2 months)
Importance of nuclear accident in article
32%37%
63%
43%
57%
68%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Belgium Italy Slovenia
%
ofarticles
Not primary topic
Primary topic
NB=260
NI=270
NS=190
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How has the main topic changed?
(Content analysis of 2 Belgian newspapers, 2 months)
Focus of articles
11%5%
2%5% 4% 4% 5%
15%
0%
19%
18% 22%21% 26%
21%13%
23%
15%
12%
11% 6%10%
14%
11%
13%
0%
0%
4%
5%6%
8%
9%
11%
13%
8%
15%
22%
20%
14%
21%
18%
4%15%
0%
15%
4%
9%
8%
4%
5%
2%
3%
0% 0%
13% 15%
21%
10%
11%
23%
25%
38%
25%
4%1% 2% 3%
2%
2%
3%
0%
0%
1%1%
1% 1%0%
4%
0% 8%
0%
2% 3%3% 3%
0%
2%
5% 0%
5%
7% 6%
4%
9%
7% 11%
0%8%
10%
4% 5%8%
3%5% 6% 5%
0%
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Week 1
(N=196)
Week 2
(N=148)
Week 3
(N=116)
Week 4
(N=77)
Week 5
(N=57)
Week 6
(N=53)
Week 7
(N=40)
Week 8
(N=13)
Week 9
(N=20)Week after the accident
ofarticlespublish
edina
eek
Other focus (open)
Economic impact
Blame
Sustainable energy
Energy consumption and supply
Future of nuclear
Information exchange
Safety/risk aspect
International reaction
Affected inhabitants
Crisis managementTechnical aspect
N=720
-
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From diversity
(Content analysis of 2 Belgian newspapers, 2 months)
Focus of articles
11%5%
2%5% 4% 4% 5%
15%
0%
19%
18% 22%21% 26%
21%13%
23%
15%
12%
11% 6%10%
14%
11%
13%
0%
0%
4%
5%6%
8%
9%
11%
13%
8%
15%
22%
20%
14%
21%
18%
4%15%
0%
15%
4%
9%
8%
4%
5%
2%
3%
0% 0%
13% 15%
21%
10%
11%
23%
25%
38%
25%
4% 1% 2% 3%
2%
2%
3%
0%
0%
1%1% 1% 1%
0%
4%
0% 8%
0%
2% 3%3% 3%
0%
2%
5% 0%
5%
7% 6%4%
9%7%
11%
0%
8%
10%
4% 5%8%
3%5% 6% 5%
0%
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Week 1
(N=196)
Week 2
(N=148)
Week 3
(N=116)
Week 4
(N=77)
Week 5
(N=57)
Week 6
(N=53)
Week 7
(N=40)
Week 8
(N=13)
Week 9
(N=20)Week after the accident
ofarticlespublishedina
eek
Other focus (open)Economic impact
Blame
Sustainable energy
Energy consumption and supply
Future of nuclear
Information exchange
Safety/risk aspect
International reaction
Affected inhabitants
Crisis management
Technical aspect
N=720
-
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to future of nuclear energy.
(Content analysis of 2 Belgian newspapers, 2 months)
Focus of articles
11%5%
2%5% 4% 4% 5%
15%
0%
19%
18% 22%21% 26%
21%13%
23%
15%
12%
11% 6%10%
14%
11%
13%
0%
0%
4%
5%6%
8%
9%
11%
13%
8%
15%
22%
20%
14%
21%
18%
4%15%
0%
15%
4%
9%
8%
4%
5%
2%
3%
0% 0%
13% 15%
21%
10%
11%
23%
25%
38%
25%
4% 1% 2% 3%
2%
2%
3%
0%
0%
1%1% 1% 1%
0%
4%
0% 8%
0%
2% 3%3% 3%
0%
2%
5% 0%
5%
7% 6%4%
9%7%
11%
0%
8%
10%
4% 5%8%
3%5% 6% 5%
0%
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Week 1
(N=196)
Week 2
(N=148)
Week 3
(N=116)
Week 4
(N=77)
Week 5
(N=57)
Week 6
(N=53)
Week 7
(N=40)
Week 8
(N=13)
Week 9
(N=20)Week after the accident
ofarticlespublishedina
eek
Other focus (open)Economic impact
Blame
Sustainable energy
Energy consumption and supply
Future of nuclear
Information exchange
Safety/risk aspect
International reaction
Affected inhabitants
Crisis management
Technical aspect
N=720
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Diverse topics in media after nuclear emergency
In nuclear events media do not report only bythe following the basic questions
(golden W: who, what, when, where, why)
they also bring light to safety/risk, technical
aspects of other nuclear installations and
policy regarding nuclear energy.
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Political discussion in articles related toFukushima accident
"Referendum" in Italy
11% 10%
2% 0%
15%
35%
44%50%
14%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Week 1
(N=83)
Week 2
(N=51)
Week 3
(N=44)
Week 4
(N=24)
Week 5
(N=20)
Week 6
(N=26)
Week 7
(N=9)
Week 8
(N=6)
Week 9
(N=7)
Week after the accident
%ofarticle
s
(Content analysis of 2 Belgian, 2 Italian and 2 Slovenian newspapers, 2 months)
-
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A conflict or strong disagreementpresented in more than every third article
Conflict reported in article
37% 38%
30%
44%
39%
35%29%
43% 45%
0%
5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Week 1
(N=196)
Week 2
(N=148)
Week 3
(N=116)
Week 4
(N=77)
Week 5
(N=57)
Week 6
(N=53)
Week 7
(N=40)
Week 8
(N=13)
Week 9
(N=20)
Week after the accident
Numberofarticles
N= 720
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The most conflicting topic related to emergency managementpublic information
Conflict in Emergency management
61%
35%40%
39%
65%60%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Public information
(N=64)
Em. workers +
actions(N=21)
Other em. actors +
actions(N=8)
%ofarticles
No Conflict
Conflict
N= 127
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Information sourcesIn every article approx. 3
The most quoted were Japanese governmentand TEPCO
EU quoted in 2%
IAEA quoted in 8%Most quoted:
Domestic External Japanese
It
Gov. 37% Gov.37% Gov.66%Be Sec.media 30% Sec.med. 30% Gov.59%
Si Op.makers 37% Gov.35% Gov.81%
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Although about radiation, risks, dangeronly 10% of articles reported radiation units
Presence of radiation units
12%
88%
8%
92%
12%
88%
0%
10%
20%
30%40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Units No Units
%o
farticles
Belgium
Italy
Slovenia
NB=260NI=270
NS=190
mSv in 30%
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Descriptive comparisons used in 22% of articlesmostly with historical nuclear accidents
Type of risk comparisons
0%
29%
12%9%
48%
40%
4%
28%
0% 1%
30%
58%
0%
45%
3% 0%
21%
45%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
risks from
medical
purposes
(e.g. x-ray)
natural
radiation
background
workers'
exposure to
radiation at
nuclear
something
else
(legal,..)
limits,
norms
historical
nuclear
accident
%of
articleswithcomparisons
Belgium
Italy
Slovenia
NB=58
NI=71
NS=29
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Fukushimathrough the prism of
Chernobyl
(Content analysis of 2 Belgian, 2 Italian and 2 Slovenian newspapers, 2 months)
"Chernobyl" mentioned per week
5%
25%20%
0%
29%
20%
32%
8%
22%
14%
49%
18%
26%24%
29%
59%
41%
19%
8%
35%
17%
17%
31% 29%
0%0%
64%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9
Week after the accident
%
ofarticlesperweek
Belgium
Italy
Slovenia
NB=260
NI=270
NS=190
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ConclusionsOr what can we learn for better crisis communication
Nuclear emergency:
creates a high media pressure at the beginning of an
emergency attention is lost for later phases,
attracts journalists to report from the affected area,
opens a discussion pro- and contra- nuclear,
is discussed by different information sources,
challenges public communication,
highlights the gap between technical and commonlanguage.