Download - PCB4233: Immunology
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PCB4233: Immunology
Dr. Mauricio Rodriguez-LanettyEmail: [email protected]
Phone: 305-3484922
Lecture 2
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Blood vessel
Recognition & Activation
Skin
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Blood vessel
Skin
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Blood vessel
How these special cells (T/B) does not attack self cells in the body?
Skin
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Factory of T/B Cells
Blood vessel
Skin
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Education Center for T-cells
(Army Academy)
Education Center for B-cells
(Army academy)Factory of T/B Cells
Blood vessel
Skin
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Education Center for T-cells
(Army Academy)
Education Center for B-cells
(Army academy)
Blood vessel
Don’t target/kill cells from your
own body
Skin
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Education Center for T-cells
(Army Academy)
Education Center for B-cells
(Army academy)Factory of T/B Cells
Blood vessel
Skin
![Page 9: PCB4233: Immunology](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/5681323a550346895d98a117/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Education Center for T-cells
(Army Academy)
Education Center for B-cells
(Army academy)Factory of T/B Cells
Blood vessel
Innate Immune System
Adaptive Immune System
Skin
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Education Center for T-cells
(Army Academy)
Education Center for B-cells
(Army academy)Factory of T/B Cells
Blood vessel
Adaptive Immune System
Innate Immune System
Primary / Central
lymphoid organs
Secondary lymphoid organs
Skin
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Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Education Center for T-cells
(Army Academy)
Education Center for B-cells
(Army academy)Factory of T/B Cells
Blood vessel
InnateImmune System
Adaptive Immune System
Skin
Special forces of high specialization
Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)
Immunological memory
Education Center for T-cells
(Army Academy)
Education Center for B-cells
(Army academy)Factory of T/B Cells
Blood vessel
InnateImmune System
Adaptive Immune System
Skin
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Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)This receptors recognize repeating patterns of molecular structure carried by microorganisms/pathogens on their surfaces
The pathogen-associated molecular patterns that PRR
recognize are called PAMPs (MAMPs)
Receptors with specificity for pathogens molecules
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The pathogen-associated molecular patterns that PRR recognize are called PAMPs
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The Innate immune recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLR)
•Toll-like receptors belong to an evolutionarily ancient recognition and signaling system
•Discovered from embryonic development studies in fruitfly
•Found to have a role in the defense against bacterial and fungal infections
•In Drosophila is Toll, and the homologous protein in mammals and other animals are therefore known as Toll-like receptors
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There are 10 expressed TLR genes in mice and humans
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Infection stimulates macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines that initiate an inflammatory response
Chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils, and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection
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Infection stimulates macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines that initiate an inflammatory response
The recruitment of activated phagocytes to sites of infection is one of the most important functions of innate immunity
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Important cytokines secreted by macrophages in response to bacterial products
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Important cytokines secreted by macrophages in response to bacterial products
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Chemokines can be produced by a wide variety of cell types in response to bacterial products, viruses, and agents that cause physical damage.
Thus, infection or physical damage to tissues sets in motion the production of chemokine gradients that can direct phagocytes to the sites where they are needed.
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Neutrophils
• Normal adult releases1-3 x 1010 neutrophils per day fromBone Marrow
• Primary function is phagocytosis and killing of pathogens
• To do so neutrophils must gain access to tissues fromthe bloodstream – extravasation
Neutrophils are the first cells to bind to inflamed tissue, and therefore to arrive in large numbers at a site of infection, with monocytes and immature dentritic cells being recruited later.
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Neutrophils moving through the circulation system: ROLLING
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Neutrophils leave the blood and migrate to sites of infection in a multi-step process
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Steps in neutrophil extravasation
• Rolling. Recognition of inflamed tissue
• Activation by chemoattractants
• Arrest and adhesion
• Transendothelial migration
• Chemotaxis towards source of infectionSame principles as for T cell migration in lymph nodes
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Macrophages and neutrophils are not only brought to potential sites of infection by chemokines but in the process they are also armed to deal with any pathogen they may encounter there.
In particular neutrophils exposed to CXCL8 and cytokyne TNF-α are activated to produce the respiratory burst that generates oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and to release their stored lysosomal contents.
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Some differences between INNATE and ADAPTIVE immunity
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That is all for todayThanks for coming!
Reading Material Chapter 1 and 2