Download - PC and Hardware Specifications
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
1/22
1
personaluri kompiuteri da misi mowyobilobebi
1.
- , ,
, (Input), , , (Output).
, ,
, .
, .
Kkompiuteris komponentebi
()
(, , ,
, ..)
(, ,
, ..)
( CD/DVD, ,
, )
(, , )
2. .
, -
.
,
.
(Interface - , ) (, ..), . -
. , -
. ; -
. , -
- .
-
. ( , , )
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
2/22
2
(, ),
,
(, Windows- ,
, ).
,
., , :
( ,
)
(Gateway, ) - ,
(, , )
()
(API - Application Programming Interface)-
, , , , -
. .
(RPC Remote Procedure Call)
COM (Component Object Model) -
, COM-.
- ()
CLI Command Line Interface -
.
GUI - Graphical User Interface
(, ,, ..)
- ,(Google, Yahoo, Bing, Ask)
(, ),
.
, .
,
, . :
, , , .
:
;
(: , , );
;
;
();
();
(CD/DVD/BLUE-RAY);
;
;
.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
3/22
3
3. (. Motherboard, MB, , mainboard ) ,
( ,
, (PROM Programming Read Onli
Memory), / (Input/Output) . -
, , ,
, .
. , ,
,
.
.
. -
.
. .
-
, . -
.
, -
,
/(Input/Output). (), -
,. -
. -
: .
,
. , , - .
,
, .
,
.
, :
(. ); (. ); (. -) (. Chipset, ) ,
, -
. , -
.
.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
4/22
4
(. Northbridge) .
, .
FSB(. Front Side Bus).
.
. ,
-
. , ,
(, Intel Core i7 -
), .
PCI
Express 16x.
(. Southbridje) ICH (I/O Controller Hub),
(, Ethernet
, ), (PCI,
PCI-Express 1x da USB), ,
(Low Pin Count LPC PROM12).
-
- , , . , -
(I/O) ,
,
.
Asus, Gigabyte, MSI, Intel, Biostar, Elitegroup,
ASRock.
.
1PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) ( ) -
,
().2 (. Super I/O) ,
( , -
).
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
5/22
5
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
6/22
6
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
7/22
7
4. (CPU) (Central Processor Unit, CPU) - ,
.
.
- , .
, 3
.
. , ,
. ,
, .
,
:
Socket- () ,
,
,
. ,
. ,
Socket LGA4
775, LGA 775
.
, .
. ,
.
, .
( MHz GHz). .
3 ,
. .4LGA (. Land Grid Array, ).
LGA-.
LGA 775 ()
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
8/22
8
.
.
FSB (Front Side Bus)
.
, . FSB-
(Frequency Ratio/Multiplier) ,
.
.
- ,
. ,
,
. - L1, L2, L3.
-
. , .
, ,
, . ,
, , .
, , .
. ,
,
.
- .
(L1)- (8- 512Kb) ,
, .
.
,
, ,
. -
.
(L2) - (512- 16MB) ,
, -, -
.
, ,
L2- .
, ,
. ,
, . (L2)-.
L2- . -
-.
(L3) - (0- 30Mb) -
. L3- Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5,
Intel Core i7, Intel Xeon.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
9/22
9
, ().
. , 2 , 16
16 (2x8=16, 1 8 ); 4 , 32 , 8
, 64 .
.
, , , .
. (nm)5. ,
, .
,
. 32nm,
45nm 65nm.
Conroe (65nm) - Intel- Conroe Allendale
2006 27 . 65nm
, Desktop . Conroe4 MB-(L2) , E6400 E6300
L2 ,
2 MB. LGA 775.
Conroe . , E6300
( FSB )
3 GHz-.
Conroe , , Xeon, Core 2 Duo,
Core 2 Extreme, Dual Core.
L2 TDPAllendale
Xeon3xxx 2 2 MB
LGA 775
65 Conroe 3xxx 2 2-4 MB
AllendaleCore 2 Duo
E4xxx 2 2 MB65
Conroe E6xx0 2 2-4 MB
Conroe-XE Core 2 Extreme X6xxx 2 4 MB 75
Allendale Pentium Dual Core E2xxx 2 1 MB 65
Wolfdale (45nm) -Conroe, 45nm
Penryn (
45
). E7000 E8000Core 2 DuoWolfdale
5. 1(1nm=10-9m).
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
10/22
10
. E5000 E6000Pentium Dual CoreWolfdale-
2M2MB (L2).
LGA 775LGA 771.
L2 TDP
Wolfdale-3M
Celeron E3xxx
2
1 MB
LGA 77565
Pentium Dual Core
E2210
E5xxx2 MB
E6xxx
Core 2 DuoE7xxx 3 MB
WolfdaleE8xxx
6 MBXeon
31x0 45-65
Wolfdale-CL
30x4 1
LGA 771
30
31x3 2 65
Kentsfield - , 4 . Conroe .
(L1) 32 KB 32 KB
. (L2) 8 MB.
LGA 775.
L2 TDP
Kentsfield
Xeon 32xx
4 2x4 MB LGA 775
95-105
Core 2 Duo Q6xxx 95-105
Core 2 Extreme QX6xxx 130
Yorkfield - Kentsfield . 45
, Kentsfield ,
Wolfdale . Yorkfield
6 12 MB (L2) , 3 6 MB
. ( ) 1333 (Extreme
1600MHz-). , - , FSB . Yorkfield
Intel Core 2 Quad (Q9300, Q9450, Q9550, Q9650) Intel Core 2 Extreme
(QX9650, QX9770).
Nehalem (32nm) - Intel- ( 2008
) LGA 1366 Bloomfield- , LGA
1156-Lynnfield-.
-Core i7Core i5.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
11/22
11
Nehalem Core , -,
:
, DDR3 SDRAM2
3FB-DIMM4.
QPI, FSB ( LGA 1366 ; LGA 1156
DMI).
.
KentsfieldYorkfield, 2-
,Bloomfield-.
.
SM ( 2
).
Sandy Bridge (32nm) - Core i7/Core i5/Core i3/Pentium/Celeron . 3,5 2 4
(CPU) (GPU - Intel HD Graphics
2000, HD Graphics 3000 , 1,35 GHz ) .
(PCI Express 2.0
DDR3 SDRAM) 1333 ). 256 KB
8 MB- .
- 135.
Ivy Bridge (22nm) - 22 Sandy Bridge . DDR3- 2 4 2800 MT/S ,
PCI Express 3.0 . USB 3.0 P7x .
GPU API (application programming interface) DirectX 11
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
3 .
Panther Point LGA 1155.
P67 Ivy Bridge
BIOS-. Q65, Q67 B65,
Ivy Bridge.
, Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge
.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FB-DIMMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FB-DIMMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FB-DIMMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSBhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSBhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1366http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1366http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1156http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1156http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentsfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentsfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SM%D0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SM%D0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i7http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i5http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeronhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeronhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express_2.0http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express_2.0http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeronhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i5http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i7http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SM%D0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentsfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1156http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1366http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSBhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FB-DIMMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAM -
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
12/22
12
Sendy Bridge
()
CPUGHz
GPUGHz L3MB
TDP GT/sDDR
LGA2011
6 (12)
Core i7
3960X 3,3 3,9
x x
15
1306,4 4x ch. DDR3
1600 MGz3930K 3,2 3,8 12
4 (8)
3820 3,63,9
10 4,8
LGA1155
2700K 3,5
850 1350 895 DMI 2,0
PCIe2,0
2x ch. DDR31333 MHz
2600K3,4
3,82600
2600S 2,8 65
LGA1155
4 (4)
Core i5
2550K 3,4 3,8 x x
6
95
DMI 2,0PCIe2,0
2x ch. DDR31333 MHz
2550K3,3
3,7 850 11002500
2500S 2,7 65
2500T 2,3 3,3 650 1250 45
2450P 3,2 3,5 x x95
2400 3,1 3,4
850 1100
2405S2,5
3,3
65
2400S2320 3,0
952310 2,9 3,2
2300 2,8 3,1
2380P 3,1 3,4 x x
2 (4) 2390P 2,7 3,5 650 1100 3 35
LGA1155
2 (4) Core i3
2130 3,4
x
850
1100 3
65
DMI 2,0PCIe2,0
2x ch. DDR31333 MHz
21253,3
2120
2120T 2,6 650 35
2105
3,1 850 652102
21002100T 2,5 650 35
LGA1155
2 (2) Pentium
G860 3,0
x
850
1100 3
65 DMI 2,0PCIe2,0
2x ch. DDR31066 MHz
G850 2,9
G840 2,8
G6322,7
G630
G6222,6
G620
G630T 2,3650 35
G620T 2,2
LGA1155
2 (2)Celeron
G540 2,5
x
850
10002
65DMI 2,0
PCIe2,0
2x ch. DDR31066 MHz
G530 2,4G530T 2,0
650 321 (2) G460 1,8 1,5
1 (1) G440 1,6 1
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
13/22
13
Ivy Bridge
()
CPUGHzGPUGHz L3
MBTDP GT/s*
DDR LGA1155
4 (8) Core i7
3770K 3,53,9~3,7
650 1150 8
77DMI 2,0PCIe 3,0
2x ch. DDR31600 MHz
3770 3,4
3770S 3,1 3,9~3,5 65
3770T 2,5 3,7~3,1 45
LGA1155
4 (4)
Core i5
3570K3,4
3,8~3,6
650
1150
6
77
DMI 2,0PCIe 3,0
2x ch. DDR31600 MHz
35703,8
3570S 3,1 65
3570T 2,3 3,3~2,9 45
3550 3,3 3,7~3,5 77
3550S 3,0 3,7~3,365
3475S 2,9
3,6
1100
3470 3,2 77
3470S2,9
65
2 (4) 3470T 3 35
4 (4)
3450 3,1 3,5~3,3
6
77
3450S 2,8 3,5~3,1 653330 3,0
3,2 105077
3330S 2,7 65
LGA1155
2 (4) Core i3
3240 3,4
x 650 1050 3 55DMI 2,0PCIe 2,0
2x ch. DDR31600 MHz
32253,3
3220
Intel Ivy Bridge
*GT/s Gigatransfer per Second (/)
. (/, ). , 8 1 ,1
GT/s8x109 /8 GB/s.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
14/22
14
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
15/22
15
Intel VT(Virtualization Technology), () .
() .
TXT(Trusted Execution Technology) , .
TXT
TPM (Trusted Platform Module ,
) .
.
() ,
.
.
TPM- .
, .
()
keylogger- ,
( USB )
.
, ,
.
HT (Hyper-threading - -)
.
(execution unit)
(useful work) , . ,
Hiper-threading- Pentium 4 , . Core 2 Duo Hyper-threading
. Core i7 Hyper-
threading,
. Core i3Core
i5.
EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology) ,
Intel- 64 . ,
,
.
Intel 64 64 . x86 ., .
, 2001,Intel 64-,Windows XP
x64, AMD- x86 AMD64 64-
, Intel 64-, , .
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
16/22
16
5. (RAM) (. RAM - Random Access Memory)
6, ,
, . ,
, ,
, ,.
,
(Computing word, ).
, () , .
. .
-.
(bit) , 0 1..
.
"" 1948 "
". ,
"binary digit""bit".
(byte) . 8 -
256(28) .
,
.
6, .
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
17/22
17
.
, .
,
, .
,
, ,
, , .
,
.
.
.
, ,
,, .
., . . SIMM, DIMM, DDR
DDR2.
DDR3 (Double Data Rate ). (DDR2), DDR3-
,
.
.. (,
) ,
(, ,
). ., .
(, + +
) (swap file).
, . ,
.
. , 1 Gb,
2 Gb.
. , , - . (MHz).
,
. , 1600 MHz,
1066 MHz,
- 1066 MHz.
.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
18/22
18
. , ,
. ,
64 ( 8 ), 1600 MHz, DDR3,
1600MHz x 8 = 12800 ( 12,8
). , PC312800.
2 (Dual-channel architecture).
.
,
. , 2 ,
. , ,
5-10 %- 20 %- 70 %-,
(Photoshop, CorelDraw ).
: (triple-channel memory)
(quad-channel memory).
. - (Latency). , -
. ,
. ,
: CAS Latency - CAS (Column Adress Strobe
), RAS to CAS Delay- RAS (Raw Adress Strobe ), RAS Precharge TimeDRAM Cycle Time. 2-2-2-5 3-4-4-7, .
, . ,
Low Latency( ).DDR3
.
DDR3-800 100 MHz 400 MHz 6400 Mb/s PC3-6400 6400 Mb/s
DDR3-1066 133 MHz 533 MHz 8533 Mb/s PC3-8500 8533 Mb/s
DDR3-1333 166 MHz 666 MHz 10 667 Mb/s PC3-10600 10 667 Mb/s
DDR3-1600 200 MHz 800 MHz 12 800 Mb/s PC3-12800 12 800 Mb/s
DDR3-1800 225 MHz 900 MHz 14 400 Mb/s PC3-14400 14 400 Mb/s
DDR3-2000 250 MHz 1000 MHz 16 000 Mb/s PC3-16000 16 000 Mb/s
DDR4 SDRAM (double-data-rate four synchronous dynamic random access memory)
,
. 2133 MHz- 4266 MHz-
. 2012. 2011 4 CES
Samsung- DDR4-2133 MHz,
1,2v.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
19/22
19
6. (VGA), ,
.
( ,
).
-, ,
.
, Nvidia AMD ( Ati)
OpenGLDirectX78.
(Graphic Processing Unit GPU). , . ,
.
.
,
, .
CPU 24,
, , ,
GPU-.
(Video Display Controller, VDC). , RAMDAC
.
(nVidia, ATI) ,
.
(Video RAM). , ,
( ).
.
,
. GDDR3
, GDDR5
. ,
,
, .
.
7DirectX (Direct - , )API- (application programming interface - )
, Microsoft Windows.
.8 (rendering - ) - , ,
.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
20/22
20
- (Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter, RAMDAC)
, .
RAMDAC . RAMDAC-
: ,
(, , - Red, Green, Blue, RGB), SRAM -
.
- 8 256
, 16,7 .
- .
, DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
,
--
.
ROM. , BIOS (VBIOS), , .
, .
ROM- BIOS-
. VBIOS,
.
ROM-
(EEPROM, Flash ROM),BIOS-.
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
21/22
21
. GPU- (MHz), .
- ,
. ATI
Radeon HD 6670 , 840 MHz,ATI Radeon
HD 6670650 MHz.
. , GPU-
,
.
. GPU-.
,
, .
nVidia GeForce . GTX580
772 MHz,
, , 1544 MHz.
. ,, . ,
. ,
, .
,
- ! ,
,
. ,
,
,.
. , . ,
, . , 256-
, 128-. ,
, ,
.
: 64 512 ,
, GPU . , low-end
, 64128, -
128256, - 256384.
. , , ,
3D .
533 MHz- (1066 MHz ) 1375 MHz- (5500 MHz
), 5-!
-
7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications
22/22
22
Ati (AMD)nVIDIA
GPUCUDA
GPUMHz
VRAMMHz
MB
Vat
GeForce GTX 690 2 x GK104 2 x 1536 2 x 256 GDDR5 915 6008 (QDR) 2 x 2048 300
GeForce GTX 680 GK104 1536 256 GDDR5 1006 6008 (QDR) 2048 192
GeForce GTX 590 2 x GF110 2 x 512 2 x 384 GDDR5 607 3414 3072 365
GeForce GTX 580 GF110 512 384 GDDR5 772 4008 1536/3072 244
GeForce GTX 570 GF110 480 320 GDDR5 732 3800 1280/2560 219
GeForce GTX 560 GF114 336 256 GDDR5 810 4004 1024/2048 150
GeForce GTX 550 GF116 192 192 GDDR5 900 4014 1024 116
GeForce GTS 450 GF106 192 128 GDDR5 783 1804 512/1024 106
GeForce GTS 250 G 92 738 256 GDDR3 738 1100 512/1024 150
GeForce GT 430 GF 108 96 128 GDDR3 700 1800 1024 49
GeForce GT 240 GT 215 96 128 GDDR5 550 850 1024 69
GeForce GT 220 GT 216 48 128 GDDR3 625 790 1024 58
Ati (AMD) HD 7970 Tahiti 2084 384 GDDR5 925 5500 (QDR) 3072 250
Ati (AMD) HD 6990 Antilles 2 x 1536 2 x 256 GDDR5 830 5000 2 x 2048 375
Ati (AMD) HD 6970 Cayman XT 1536 256 GDDR5 880 5500 2048 200
Ati (AMD) HD 6870 Barts XT 1120 256 GDDR5 900 4200 1024 150
Ati (AMD) HD 6850 Barts Pro 960 256 GDDR5 775 4000 1024 127
Ati (AMD) HD 6790 Barts LE 800 256 GDDR5 840 4200 1024 150
Ati (AMD) HD 6770 Juniper XT 800 128 GDDR5 850 4800 512/1024 108
Ati (AMD) HD 6570 Turks 480 128 GDDR3 650 1800 1024/2048 44/6
Ati (AMD) HD 6450 Caicos 160 64 GDDR3 625 1600 512/1024 18/2