PACKET #2
Research III & IV
The 1900’s
1900 Galveston Texas storm 8000 – 12000 deaths
Lots of scientific development early on Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb
Natural resources were “raped” Drained, destroyed and exhausted 50% of forest in the United States were destroyed
1900’s Europe
5 out of 10 children die before the age of 10 due to tuberculosis
• 33% of adults die of TBOlder people were still dealing with
diphtheria
1900-1920
Sanitation was improvedMilk was pasteurized (see next slide)Insulin discovered from gut of cows and
horses
1920-19301920-1930 1950-1960; 19811950-1960; 1981
Many first time discoveries with bacteria
DTP Diphtheria vaccine
Polio vaccineAIDS
1981
1920-1930
Louis Pasteur
Responsible for the pasteurization of milk Worked with Koch Killed the organism found in milk
Yellow (Jack) Fever
High feverStrawberry tongueHematemesis (h-m-tem—ss)
Vomiting of blood
Jaundice Yellow eyes Destruction of liver
Yellow Fever in the United States
Early 1900’sRampant in Cuba 20 years beforeCame from Africa via the slave owners
The slave owners were not immune to the disease as the slaves were
85% of people in Miami died There was a mortality rate of 65%-85%
Congress formed the Yellow Fever Commission
Yellow Fever Commission
Carlos Finley was named to be in charge Read an article from a writer in Cuba Reproduced the same experiment
Discovered that mosquitoes helped spread the disease
Immune System Investigation
Elie Metchnikoff
Observed daphnia flies Has a small system in a small body Had red and white blood cells
Found that white blood cells ate the yeast cells in the fly Cells that had invaded the fly Called it phagocytosis
Further described it in humans
Developed the theory of cellular immunity
Paul Ehrich
Stated that immunity was due to a chemical in the blood serum Today it is called the antibody theory
Discovered a staining procedure to diagnose cells Remember, tuberculosis was prevalent and was
suddenly, due to a mutation, spreading by air Pulmonary tuberculosis
Syphilis Tried chemicals
Some were so toxic that some people died from it
Alexander Fleming
Streptococcus aures If the bacteria entered the bloodstream, it normally was
fatal
Fleming grew colonies of the bacteria on agar plates Plates became contaminated with a green mold
Penicillin notatum As the mold expanded, the colonies disappeared The drug penicillin was discovered
Was termed a “magical drug” Tried it on soldier, and prisoner, during WW2 and they were
better the next day Only worked on gram positive bacteria
Selman Waksman
Rutgers's UniversityStated in his journal that there was
something to fight gram negative bacteriaWorked on Streptomyces griseus
While working generated the 2nd antibiotic Used to kill mycobacterium tuberculosis