Download - Overview of Chineses Taipei ’ s Energy Sector: Current Status and Plans for Future Development
Overview of Chineses Taipei’sEnergy Sector: Current Status and Plans for Future Development
Huang, Yophy Bor, Yunchang Jeffrey
Peng, Chieh-Yu
Content
Introduction and Country Overview Energy and Environmental Policy Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework Model Results for Business As
Usual Case and Other Scenarios Future Plans
Introduction
Western edge of the Pacific Ocean, South of Japan, North of the Philippines, 160 km off the southeast coast of
mainland Chain across the Taiwan Strait
Landscape
2/3 is Mountianous, only ¼ is arable Rivers are short, but useful for
power generation 23 million population on 36,000 km2
one of the most densely populated With biodiversity
Economy Foreign trade has been the engine of Taiwan's ec
onomic growth (FX Reserve ranks 4th ) A leading producer of high-technology goods GDP (2008) = US$ 392 billion, per capita GDP = US
$ 17,116 Agriculture accounts for 2%, Services at 73%, an
d Industry around 25%. Unemployment Rate (Jul. 2010) is 5.20%;
lower than 2% before 1990. Development relies on further transformation to
a high technology and service-oriented economy
Eco Growth Rates Overtime
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
year
%
Growth rate
year
6.38 1995
5.54 1996
5.48 1997
3.47 1998
5.97 1999
5.80 2000
-1.65 2001
5.26 2002
3.67 2003
6.19 2004
4.70 2005
5.44 2006
5.98 2007
0.73 2008
-1.91 2009
8.2~10.1 2010(f)
4.5 2011(f)
Energy Facts
Per capita power consumption: 9,550 KWh Rank 13th in the world ~ 3.7 times of world average
Share of world energy consumption: 1.0%
Share of world population: 0.3%
Land area: 0.06% of total
Share of world electricity consumption:1.3%
Total Amount of CO2 Emission: 261 MT Rank 22nd around the world ~ 1.0 % of world total
2005 Data from IEA Statistics of 2007
Energy Policy With scarce natural resources, thus depends al
most exclusively on imported energy (99%). Formal energy policy framework formulated i
n 1973, after the first energy crisis. In the latest revision, the goal of Taiwan’s ener
gy policy has been set to establish a liberal, orderly, efficient, clean, and sustainable energy demand and supply system
Energy Authority Energy Commission under the Ministry of Econo
mic Affairs (MOEA) in 1979. In 2004, upgraded as the Bureau of Energy (BOE) Formulate and implement national energy polic
ies such as the "Energy Management Act (EMA)", "Electricity Act (EA)", "Petroleum Administration Act (PAA)", "Regulations Governing Administration of Gas Utilities (RGAGU)", and other energy-related regulations.
Energy Authority
BOE also : Guides the operations of energy enterprises Evaluates energy supply and demand Establishes energy database system Promotes energy conservation programs Implements R&D on energy tech. Promotes international energy cooperation.
Main Approaches*
Stabilizing energy supply, Increasing energy efficiency, Deregulating energy markets, Emphasizing energy security and enviro
nmental protection, Enhancing energy R&D, Promoting energy education
Environmental Protection Environmental protection policies developed later.
In 1987, "Environmental Protection Administratio
n" (EPA) was established as a formal administration.
The EPA mandate includes: air quality and noise control, water quality , waste management, environmental sanitation and toxic substance management, supervision, and evaluation, and many others.
Focus on Climate Change Many Environmental Levies/Charges
implemented in the1990s. The EPA has been actively responding to the
UNFCC. Currently facilitating the legislation of“Greenhouse
Gases Reduction Act (GHGRA)” Tentative goal of the reduction of CO2 emission:
return to the level of 2008 between 2016 and 2020; return to the level of 2000 (=214.5 Mt) in 2025.
The
Higher Profile of Energy/Environmental Authorities
The BOE will be upgraded as the Ministry of Economy and Energy,
The EPA will be upscaled to the Department of Environment and Resources.
Taiwan’s core principle of energy policy has been shifted to the balancing of the “three Es”, seeking a “Win-Win-Win Solution” for energy security, environment protection, and economic competitiveness.
National Energy Conference
The National Energy Conference (April, 2009) further developed the following four major policies :
Sustaining energy development and establishing energy security for a low carbon society;
Developing energy technology and applying energy conservation and carbon dioxide reduction technology;
Promoting efficient energy management and setting up green power and a concentrated non-energy industry; and
Designing energy price and an open energy market for reasonable cost-based rates
Draft GHG Reduction Act
Will control GHG emission in three phases: Phase 1: emission required to conduct
GHG inventories, verification, and registration
Phase 2: performance standards would be implemented to control per unit consumption or per unit product emission
Phase 3: a cap-and-trade system would be implemented
Renewable Energy Development Act (2009)
Give credits to the total amount of renewable energy in the range of 6,500MW to 10,000MW,
Establish funds to subsidize renewable energy, to set up purchase rates,
Design procurement rates for different renewable resources,
To give incentives to highly potential self-faculties,
Assist renewable energy owners in acquiring land.
Based on government target, installed capacity of renewable energy is projected to be around 8,450MW, or 15% of the system total installed
capacity around 56,640MW in 2025.
Renewable Energy Target 2,500MW will come from hydro, 3,000MW
from wind power, 1,000MW from solar photovoltaic (PV), 1,400MW from biomass,5 50MW from fuel cell, geothermal and ocean power.
Taiwan Power Company’s (Taipower’s) 7th transmission and substation plan from 2010~2015 will greatly enhance the system’s ability to connect a large scale of wind power and solar PV to the power grids.
Wind Power The offshorewind power project started in
2007, up to 300MW until 2011 Renewable Energy Development Act offers
preferential price of wind energy and to ensure that not less than the average cost of power generation from fossil fuels
However, the annual CF (capacity factor, see Appendix) decreased significantly, from 0.43 to 0.27 with more wind turbines installed and low operational performance was also a serious problem.
Wind Power Problems Average wind speed (5.6m/s) is lower
than other countries Need to develop localized low speed
onshore wind turbines and high efficiency SWTs ( Small wind Turbines) in the future.
Should focus on producing power from them, instead of installing capacity of wind turbines
Sustainable Energy Policy Guidelines on June 5, 2008
and approved the Energy Conservation and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Action Plan based on the Guidelines on September 4, 2008.
Low Energy Prices Historically, Energy prices have been low in Ta
iwan, even during the oil-price spikes in mid-2008.
For exmaple, prices for 95 Unleaded Gasoline (US dollars per liter) were $0.64 in 2002, $0.9 in Sept. 2009.
Average electricity prices (US$/kWh) were lower than $0.07 for the two decades from1988 to 2007, and rose to $0.08 in 2008
Thus, consveration incentive is weak and energy efficiency low.
27
資料來源: The International Energy Agency ( IEA)《 ELECTRICITY INFORMATION ( 2008 Edition)》、美國 The Energy
Information Administration (EIA) 、馬來西亞電力公司( TNB) 2007 年統計資料、中國社會科學院。
註: 1 美元等於 31.358 元新臺幣
Electricity Rates Comparison
NT$/kWh residential industrial NT$/kWh residential industrial
Taiwan 2.586 1.833 Finland 4.5469 2.54
China 2.249 3.62 UK 6.8674 4.0765
Japan 5.7067 6.2404 Ireland 7.6514 4.6723
Korea 3.1985 2.1637 France 4.9546 1.756
HK 3.8242 2.9565 Italy 8.0904 7.4318
Singapore 4.4842 3.5121 Switerland 4.2647 2.6341
Malaysia 2.3019 2.2201 Poland 4.7351 2.5714
Philipines 6.2672 4.8722 Turkey 3.8257 3.418
Indonesia 1.9901 2.1678 Czek 4.5783 3.6062
Thailand 3.0279 2.7715 Portugese 6.6793 4.0138
USA 3.3239 2.0069 Hungary 5.8953 4.202
Mexico 2.9163 3.1985 Austria 6.7106 4.202
New Zealand 5.0486 2.1323 Slovekia 5.8953 4.296
Norway 4.1393 1.5052
NT$/kWh
Green Tax Reform the high-profile Tax Reform Committee (May
2008 ~ Dec. 2009) proposed a Green Tax Reform
To levy energy taxes and carbon taxes on exhaustible fossil fuels on a revenue-neutral basis; that is, by recycling Green Tax revenues into income tax cuts and subsidies for public transportation systems
Provide incentives for energy savings and CO2 abatement without hurting the economy and the poor.
Very likely to be legislated in 2011.
29
Resource tax
Resource tax
Pollution Fees or tax
Pollution Fees or tax
Green Tax
Green Tax
Mines Fees
Soil & Stones Extraction Fees
Water Pollution Fees (not yet levied)Noise Control Fees
Soil and Underground Water Pollution Control Fees
Waste Disposal Fees
Sea Disposal Fees (not yet levied)
Reclyclable Disposal Fees
Air Pollution Control Fees
Movable Polluting Resources
Construction Sites
Fixed
Water Rights Fees ( not yet levied )、 Hot Spring Fees 、 Water Resource Conservation and Feedback Fees
Excise Tax 、 Vehicle Fuel Fees, Oil Fund
Green Tax Planned
Energy Tax
Environmental Tax
CO2 added as new
Six Key Emerging Industries Plan Green energy and tourism, medicine
and health care, biotechnology,, culture and creation, and high-end agriculture.
Goal: to upgrade industrial competitiveness and break through the difficulties facing exports at a time when the international economic situation is yet to recover.
Taiwan’s Energy Status(1/3)- Supply
Eenergy supply grew from 42 million kLOE in 1986, to 139 million kLOE in 2006
Annual growth rate averaging 6.2%.
Petroleum and Coal account for 97%.
31
Structure of Energy Supply in Taiwan: 1986 - 2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1986 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007?
(Mill
ion
kL
OE
)
Nuclear power generationWater power generationLiquefied Natural GasNatural GasPetroleumCoal
Taiwan’s Energy Status
50%
47%
Taiwan’s Energy Status(2/3)- Demand
Energy consumed 37.73 million kLOE in 1986, increased to 112.28 million kLOE in 2007
Average annual growth rate around 5.5%.
Industrial and transportation are the main users.
The Structure of Taiwan’s Energy Demand by Sector, 1986-2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1986 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007
(Mill
ion
kL
OE
)
Energy TransportationIndustrial AgriculturalResidential CommercialOther Non-energy Consumption
Taiwan’s Energy Status
53%
14%
11%
Taiwan’s Energy Status(3/3)- CO2 emissions
Total CO2 emissions in 1990 were 108.6 million metric tons, growing to 215.6 mmt in 2000, then to 265.8 mmt in 2007.
The average annual growth rate of total CO2 emissions for Taiwan over 1990 -2008 was 4.8%.
It is noteworthy that in 2008, total CO2 emissions grew by -4%, falling from 2007 levels to 255 million metric tons, due to oil price hike and financial crisis.
Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework
System Framework of Taiwan LEAP Model
Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework
Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework
Taiwan’s Energy
Demand Side -The
LEAP Framework
Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework
Taiwan’s Energy
Demand Side -The
LEAP Framework
BAU: Business As Usual Scenario for Taiwan
Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework
BAU
Based on the structure of Taiwan’s energy sector as described in “Energy Balance Sheet of Taiwan”,
Which is prepared on the basis of the OECD Energy Statistical Tabular Form and in coordination with the needs of Taiwan (Bureau of Energy, MOEA, 2009).
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkBAU
Demographic Trends
Taiwan’s population of 23 million in 2008 is expected to fall to 20.3 million by 2056.
The average number of persons per household was 3.01 persons in 2008
The growth rate of household size, based on historical data (1998~2008), has averaged -1.33% annually
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkBAU
Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework
Recent GDP
Growth Rates of Various
Industries
Economic Growth (1/2)
BAU
Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework
Recent GDP
Growth Rates of Various
Industries
Economic Growth (2/2)
BAU
Energy Conversion (1/3) Summary of the Current Status of Installed
Electricity Generation Capacity and Plans for Near-term Capacity Additions for the Power System Nationwide Unit: Thousand kW
Unit 2007 2008Additional capacity to be added from
2008-2017
Coal 11,897 11,897 7,098
Gas 12,726 13,197 5,327
Fuel 3,610 3,610 109
Nuclear energy 5,144 5,144 2,700
Pumped hydro storage 2,602 2,602 -
Renewable energy 3,211
Hydro (conventional) 1,921 1,938 796
Other 182 246 2,415
Total installed capacity 38,082 38,634 18,445
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkBAU
Energy Conversion (2/3)
Unit: Thousand Metric Tons per year
Year Yungan Plant Taichung Plant Total
2007 8,280 42 8,322
2008 9,000 360 9,360
2009 7,440 1,500 8,940
2010 9,000 3,000 12,000
2015 9,000 4,000 13,000
2020 9,000 7,000 16,000
2025 10,000 10,000 20,000
CPC Corporation Taiwan LNG Terminal Existing Capacity and Expansion Plan
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkBAU
Energy Conversion (3/3) Energy Conversion Module Framework for Tawian
LEAP Model
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkBAU
Other Scenarios Modeled (GOV, FIN, RET, ALL)
Taiwan’s LEAP Model Framework
GOV: Government Action
The government’s target is to reduce the energy intensity in Tawian’s economy
By enhancing energy efficiency, with an overall goal of reducing the economy’s energy intensity by an average of over 2 % annually thru 2025.
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkGOV
FIN: Financial Tsunami (a sensitivity case)
The FIN was established to examine the impacts of lowered economic growth asumptions in the medium and longer term on energy use.
Based on assumption derived from the Taipower forecast, in the FIN sensitivity analysis case, the long-term forecast for overall economic growth in Taiwan falls to 3.42%/yr in 2016 and 2.59%/yr in 2021.
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkFIN
RET : Retirement of the Nuclear plants (1/2)
The difference between the RET and BAU cases :
• The BAU case assumes that those units will either be replaced with units of similar capacity at the time of retirement of the original units, or that their life will be extended, as is relatively common today.
• The RET case assumes that the 2 units in the 4th nuclear power plant are not completed and thus not added to the power generation system.
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkRET
RET : Retirement of Nuclear power plants (2/2) Current Status and Retirement Schedule for
Taiwan’s Existing Nuclear Power
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkRET
Existing installed capacity: 5,144 Thousand kW
Nuclear Plant Installed CapacityDate of Planned
RetirementTotal Installed Capacity
at Retirement
1St 1,272 thousand kW 2018 3,872 thousand kW
2nd 1,970 thousand kW 2021 1,092 thousand kW
3rd 1,902 thousand kW 2024 0 thousand KW
ALL: Combined Reflects the combined assumptions: The government’s energy
conservation and carbon emissions reduction policy
+ the long-term impacts of the financial tsunami on Taiwan’s GDP
+ the retirement of nuclear power plants as in the RET case
All take place.
Taiwan’s LEAP Model FrameworkALL
Model Results for Business As Usual Case
Demand-side Results (1/2)
BAU
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
Transportation
Services
Industry
Agriculture
Household
Energy Demand-Outlook by Sector, BAU Case
Model Results for Business As Usual Case
BAU: by sector
Industry’s largest share still increases over time.
Followed by transportation sector.
Demand-side Results (2/2)
Model Results for Business As Usual CaseBAU
The Outlook of Energy Demand by Fuel, BAU Case
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
Residual Fuel Oil
Natural Gas
Naphtha
Metalurgical Coke
LPG
Kerosene
Jet Kerosene
Heat
Gasoline
Electricity
Diesel
Coke Oven Gas
Coal Bituminous
Coal Anthracite
Blast Furnace Gas
Energy Conversion Results
Model Results for Business As Usual CaseBAU
Energy Conversion by Fuel Category, BAU Case
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Petroleum Product
Natural Gas
Naphtha
Metalurgical Coke
LPG
Kerosene
Jet Kerosene
Heat
Gasoline
Electricity
Diesel
Coke Oven Gas
Blast Furnace Gas
CO2 Emissions (1/2)
Model Results for Business As Usual CaseBAU
Carbon Dioxide Emissions, BAU Case
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Mill
ion
Me
tric
To
nn
es
CO
2 E
qu
iva
len
t
Transformation
Demand
CO2 Emissions (2/2)
Results for Other Taiwan Energy ScenariosBAU
Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuel Category, BAU Case
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Mill
ion
Met
ric
To
nn
es
CO
2 E
qu
ival
en
t Residual Fuel Oil
Refinery Gas
Petroleum Coke
Natural Gas
Naphtha
Metalurgical Coke
LPG
Kerosene
Jet Kerosene
Gasoline
Diesel
Coke Oven Gas
Coal Bituminous
Coal Anthracite
Blast Furnace Gas
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
GOV vs. BAU Case Energy Demand Difference by Energy Category
Results for Other Taiwan Energy ScenariosBAU vs
GOV
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
Residual Fuel Oil
Natural Gas
Naphtha
Metalurgical Coke
LPG
Kerosene
Jet Kerosene
Heat
Gasoline
Electricity
Diesel
Coke Oven Gas
Coal Bituminous
Coal Anthracite
Blast Furnace Gas
Energy Demand Less
Under the GOV case, demand side energy use totals 805.2 trillion kcal by 2030,
Which is 327.8 trillion kcal less than in the BAU case.
GOV vs. BAU Case Energy Conversion Output Difference by Energy Category
BAU vs GOV
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Petroleum Product
Natural Gas
Naphtha
Metalurgical Coke
LPG
Kerosene
Jet Kerosene
Heat
Gasoline
Electricity
Diesel
Coke Oven Gas
Blast Furnace Gas
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
Energy conversion output less
GOV results show total energy conversion output for 2030 of 904.3 trillion kcal,
which is 217.4 trillion kcal less than that of the BAU case
GOV vs. BAU Case Carbon Dioxide Emission Difference by Fuel Category
BAU vs GOV
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Mill
ion
Me
tric
To
nn
es
Residual Fuel Oil
Refinery Gas
Petroleum Coke
Natural Gas
Naphtha
Metalurgical Coke
LPG
Kerosene
Jet Kerosene
Gasoline
Diesel
Coke Oven Gas
Coal Bituminous
Coal Anthracite
Blast Furnace Gas
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
FIN vs. BAU Case Energy Demand Differences by Fuel Category
BAU vs FIN
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
Blast Furnace Gas Coal Anthracite
Coal Bituminous Coke Oven Gas
Diesel Gasoline
Heat Jet Kerosene
Kerosene LPG
Metalurgical Coke Naphtha
Natural Gas Residual Fuel Oil
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
FIN vs. BAU Case Energy Conversion Output Difference by Fuel Category
BAU vs FIN
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l Residual Fuel OilOther Petroleum ProductNatural GasNaphthaMetalurgical CokeKeroseneHeatGasolineElectricityDieselBlast Furnace Gas
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
FIN vs. BAU Case Carbon Dioxide Emission Difference by Fuel Category
BAU vs FIN
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Mill
ion
Me
tric
To
nn
es
CO
2 E
qu
iva
len
t
Blast Furnace Gas Coke Oven Gas
Diesel Gasoline
Jet Kerosene LPG
Metalurgical Coke Naphtha
Natural Gas Petroleum Coke
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
RET vs. BAU Case Energy Conversion Output Differences by Fuel Category
BAU vs RET
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
cal
Blast Furnace Gas DieselElectricity Heat
Kerosene Metalurgical CokeNaphtha Natural Gas
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
RET vs. BAU Case Carbon Dioxide Emissions Differences by Fuel Category
BAU vs RET
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Mill
ion
Me
tric
To
nn
es
CO
2 E
qu
iva
len
t
Coal Bituminous
Natural Gas
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
ALL vs. BAU Case Energy Demand Differences by Fuel Category
BAU vs ALL
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
Blast Furnace Gas Coal AnthraciteCoal Bituminous Coke Oven GasDiesel ElectricityGasoline HeatJet Kerosene KeroseneLPG Metalurgical CokeNaphtha Natural GasResidual Fuel Oil
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
ALL vs. BAU Case Energy Conversion Output Differences by Fuels Category
BAU vs ALL
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
Residual Fuel OilOther Petroleum ProductNatural GasNaphthaMetalurgical CokeKeroseneHeatGasolineElectricityDieselBlast Furnace Gas
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
ALL vs. BAU Case Carbon Dioxide Emission Differences by Fuels Category
BAU vs ALL
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Mill
ion
Me
tric
To
nn
es
CO
2 E
qu
iva
len
t
Blast Furnace Gas Coke Oven Gas
Diesel Gasoline
Jet Kerosene LPG
Metalurgical Coke Naphtha
Natural Gas Petroleum Coke
Refinery Gas Residual Fuel Oil
Results for Other Taiwan Energy Scenarios
Summary of LEAP Findings
The ALL case, results in the greatest reductions, followed by the GOV case.
The FIN case has less effect on energy consumption than the GOV or ALL cases, indicating that lowered economic growth is likely to have less effect on energy demand than aggressive policies to change energy consumption behavior patterns.
Retirement of existing nuclear power plants as scheduled (RET) has a negative impact on energy supply and an increase in CO2 emissions
Comparison of Total Demand Side Energy Use, all Scenarios
Conclusion
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l ALL
BAU
FIN
GOV
RET
Comparison of the Energy Conversion Output for All Scenarios
Conclusion
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Tri
llio
n k
ca
l
ALL
BAU
FIN
GOV
RET
Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in all Scenarios
Conclusion
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Mill
ion
Me
tric
To
nn
es
CO
2 E
qu
iva
len
t
ALL
BAU
FIN
GOV
RET
6 Operating Units and 2 Units under Construction→ Chinshan , BWR4 , 636 MWe*2, commissioned in 1977
→ Kuosheng , BWR6 , 980 MWe*2, commissioned in 1982
→ Maanshan , PWR , 956 MWe*2, commissioned in 1984
→ Lungmen , ABWR , 1350 MWe*2, to be commissioned in 2010
Total Generation Capacity in 2007: 5,144 MWe
11.2% of Installed Capacity
Total Power Generated in 2007 : 39.3 TWh 16.7% of electricity generation ; 7.97% of Energy Supply
Total power Generation Cost of Nuclear Power in 2007 :
0.63 NT$ / kwh
Status of Nuclear Power in Taiwan
81
0 50 (km)
SCALE
Nuclear Power Stations of TPC
H
H
HH
H
H
H
HH
HH
HH
HH
H
H
H
HH
HH
HH
H
HH
H
H
H
H
TT
T
TT
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
MaanShan
ChinShan
KuoSheng
Lunmen(BWR - 636 MWe × 2)
(BWR - 985 MWe × 2)(PWR - 951 MWe × 2)
(ABWR - 1,350 MWe × 2)
82
112/04/21Department ESS, NTHU,
Taiwan 83
• The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) , on which anti-nuclear is on the platform, won the Presidential Election on March 18, 2000
Oct. 27, 2000, Premier Chang announced to terminate the construction of the 4th Nuclear Power Plant
Resulted in Political turmoil, stock market plunge, and economic downturn (growth rate turned -2.1% in 2001), first time ever in Taiwan since 1949.
Twists and Turns of Government Policy on
Nuclear Power in 2001
ject
Feb.14, 2001, a memorandum was signed by the Executive Yuan and Legislative Yuan 1. Resume the construction of the 4th NPP. 2.“A Nuclear-Free Homeland” was the consensus among all the political parties. 3. Executive Yuan will draft an “Energy Bill” related to the utilization of nuclear energy.
Nuclear-Free Homeland with 4th NPP
Basic Environment Act (Dec. 11, 2002)
Article 23: The government shall establish plans to gradually achieve the goal of becoming a nuclear-free country. The government will also strengthen nuclear safety management and control, protections against radiation, and the management of radioactive materials and monitoring of environmental radiation to safeguard the public from the dangers of radiation exposure.
National Energy Policy Drafted by the Newly Elected Government
(2008)Policy : 「 2008 Sustainable Energy Policy 」 「 Promote the diversification of energy resource, increase the
weighting of low-carbon energy in the energy portfolio, keep the nuclear power as a viable option of energy supply, the power generated from low-carbon primary energy resource will increase above 55% in 2025」
Strategy Plan : 「 Energy Security Strategy Plan 」
the Ministry of Economic Affairs 「 Propose a plan to increase the percentage of renewable
energy and nuclear power from current 9% to 18% at year of 2005. The tentative goal of the reduction of carbon dioxide generation: return to the level of 2008 between 2016 and 2020; return to the level of 2000 at 2025.
(Total generation at 2000 is 214.5 Million Tons) 」
2009 National Energy Conferences
• Nuclear Power is discussed in the section of Energy Technology and Industry Development
• It is Suggested in the Conclusions of Group Discussion that:
1. Life Extension of the Existing Nuclear Power Units
2. Build Six Nuclear Power Units at the Existing Sites, the First One
will be Commercialized in 2020
3. Share of Nuclear Power in the Install Capacity increases to 20% ~
25% in 2025, and to 30% for the years beyond 2025
4. Strengthen the Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power
5. Promotion of the Safety of Nuclear Power Plant operation through
International Cooperation
6. Government should be Heavily Involved in the Identification of the
Repository Site of Low Level Nuclear Waste
7. Seek Regional Cooperation on the Spent Nuclear Fuel and High
Level Waste Management
Nuclear Power is Against Justice Among GenerationsSafety Concerns of Nuclear Power Plant, Especially on the Issue of EarthquakeLack of Proper Trained Engineers Running Nuclear Power PlantsTaiwan has no Capability in Handling Nuclear WasteThrough proper load management, the Install Generation Capacity is Enough to Cover the Future Demand
Anti-Nuclear Advocates in the National Energy Conferences
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TaiPower under-estimated the generation cost ofnuclear powerNuclear Power generates carbon dioxide tooIPCC Has not Accepted Nuclear Power as a Way to Reduce the Generation of Carbon DioxideNot all the Environmentalists Recommend Nuclear Power as a Viable Option to Deal with the Climate Changes
Anti-Nuclear Advocates in the National Energy Conferences
Anti-Nuclear Advocate in the National Energy Conferences
Not All the Major Countries Has Adopted Nuclear PowerTaiwan Has Enough Renewable Energy to Cover the NeedsLNG is a Better Choice than Nuclear Power Nuclear Power will Take Away Valuable Resources
NPPs at the Crossroad
• Nuclear power has significant contribution to Taiwan’s economic growth
• Nuclear power is a reliable energy supply, and helpful for the reduction of CO2 emission in the future
• Government intends to initiate the second phase of nuclear power development plan
• The major obstacles are the lack of an executable, feasible, and dependable management plan of low level waste and nuclear spent fuel
Future Plans for LEAP Calculate demand elasticities for all types of
energy due to energy prices will increase in the LR.
Impact of green tax reform energy prices increase on energy demand and the economy
Max Nuclear Power vs. Min Nuclear Power Population growth rates on energy demand
and CO2 emission Impact of Green Energy Industry Plan