The 10th International Conference
Innovative Technologies for Joining Advanced Materials
Program &
Abstracts
Organizers
National R&D Institute for Welding
and Material Testing – ISIM Timișoara
“Politehnica”
University Timişoara
Technical Sciences Academy of
Romania – Timişoara Subsidiary
Silver Sponsor
Bronze Sponsors
November 07-08, 2019
Hotel PERLA
Timișoara Romania
www.isim.ro/tima
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PROGRAM
Thursday, November 07, 2019 (PERLA Hotel, 9 Protopop Ghe. Dragomir Str.)
8:30 ‐ 9:00 Registration of participants 9:00 ‐ 9:30 Conference opening
• Welcome of participants - Dr.eng. Nicuşor‐Alin SÎRBU, General Director of ISIM Timișoara - Prof.dr.eng. Viorel‐Aurel ȘERBAN, Rector of Politehnica University Timișoara - Prof.dr.eng. Vladimir‐Ioan CREȚU, President of the Timișoara Subsidiary of ASTR
09:30 ‐ 10:45 Session 1 / Moderator: Dr.eng. Aurel‐Valentin Bîrdeanu Mechanized Welding with Metal Cored Wire
A.A. Golyakevich, L.N. Orlov, S.Yu. Maksimov Thermal and Mechanical Influence of Ultrasonically Aided Electrical Discharge Machining on Co‐Cr Alloys
Cristea Bogdan‐Ionuț, Ghiculescu Daniel and Dumitru Mnerie Wps Design of Dissimilar Metal Welds between Austenitic Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel for Building Thermal Power Plants
Nguyen Duc Thang, Nguyen Tuan Hieu, Nguyen Van Duc Evaluation of the Cavitation Resistance of INCONEL 718, in Delivered and Respectively Heat Treated Condition
Cornelia Laura Salcianu, Ilare Bordeasu, Nicușor‐Alin Sîrbu, Rodica Bădărău, Gabriel Mălaimare, Mihai Hluscu, Daniel Ostoia, Octavian Victor Oanca
10:45 ‐ 11:00 CLOSS 100 (ROBCON S.R.L.) – Company presentation
11:00 ‐ 11:30 Coffee break
11:30 ‐ 13:00 Session 2 / Moderator: Assoc.prof.dr.eng. Bogdan Radu Inspection and Repair Quality Plan of Regeneration Gas Heater
Marko Jaric, Sanja Petronic, Nikola Budimir, Aurel Valentin Birdeanu, Srdjan Tadic Simulation and Experimental Based Analysis of the Laser Beam Welding of DP Steels
Raghawendra P. S. Sisodia, Marcell Gáspár, Béla Fodor And László Draskóczi Assessment of the cavitation resistance of stainless steel X5CrNi18‐10, subjected to thermal sensitization based on average durability
Cornelia Laura Salcianu, Ilare Bordeasu, Nicușor‐Alin Sîrbu, Rodica Bădărău, Mihai Hluscu, Liviu Daniel Pirvulescu, Daniel Ostoia,Ocatvian Victor Oanca
General considerations regarding friction stir welding of some steels used in important industrial fields
Cristian Ciuca, Radu Cojocaru , Lia Nicoleta Boțilă and Ion Aurel Perianu The IIW/EWF Manufacturer Certification System for the Management of Quality in Welding Fabrication. Experience in Implementing the IIW/EWF System in Romania
H. Daşcău, M. Oproiu
13:00 ‐ 14:00 Lunch break at PERLA Timisoara Hotel's Restaurant 14: 00 ‐ 15:30 Session 3 / Moderator: Dr.eng. Victor Verbițchi Reliability in Microjoining Processes for Instrumented Nuclear Fuel Element Fabrication
Truta Calin, Amzoi Adrian, Barbos Dumitru Testing of Welded Joints between Pipes for Pressure Vessels Made of Hot Rolled Fine‐Grained Steel P460NL1
Miodrag Arsić, Srđan Bošnjak, Vencislav Grabulov, Mladen Mladenović, Zoran Savić
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Influence of Cooling Time t8/5 on Impact Toughness of P460NL1 Steel Welded Joints Simon A. Sedmak, Mihajlo Aranđelović, Radomir Jovičić, Dorin Radu, Ivica Čamagić
Integrity and Life Assessment of Welded Joints Made of Micro‐Alloyed High Strength Steels Simon A. Sedmak, Aleksandar Sedmak, Aleksandar Grbovic, Zoran Radakovic
15:30 ‐ 16:00 Coffee break 16:00 ‐ 17.30 Session 4 / Moderator: Dr.eng. Horia Daşcău Mechanical Properties of Duplex Treated Steels Obtained by Instrumented Indentation
Nistor Ana Maria, Becheru Andrei, Foltut Daniel, Buzdugan Ramona Monica, Buzdugan Dragos
and Radu Bogdan Production of Bulk Metallic Glasses by Ultrasonic Welding of Nickel Based Amorphous Ribbons
Nicolaescu Mircea, Codrean Cosmin, Emilia Binchiciu, Bogdan Radu Mechanical Testing of GFRP Composite Materials Used in Wind Turbine Blades Construction
Ciprian Morăraş, Catalin Andrei Tugui, Rozina Steigmann, Paul Doru Barsanescu, Bogdan Leitoiu, Viorel Goanță
Researches on Manufacturing Deo Roll Balls by Infrared Radiation Welding Dan Florin Teușdea, Nicușor‐Alin Sîrbu, Mircea Vodă, Octavian Oancă, Erwin Christian Lovasz
Researches on Manufacturing Deo Roll Balls by Ultrasonic Welding Dan Florin Teușdea, Octavian Oancă, Mircea Vodă, Nicușor‐Alin Sîrbu, Erwin Christian Lovasz
Friday, November 08, 2019 (ISIM Timişoara, 30 Mihai Viteazu Bv.)
9:00 ‐ 10:30 Session 5 / Moderator: Dr.eng. Victor Verbițchi Considerations about the Organic Acids Effect on Weldings in Food Processing Industry
Mihaela Botis Nistoran, Gabriela‐Victoria Mnerie, Dumitru Mnerie Considerations on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Butt Welds of the En Aw 5754 Aluminium Alloy, Made by Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Verbitchi Victor, Cojocaru Radu, Botila Lia‐Nicoleta, Ciucă Cristian and Perianu Ion‐Aurel Investigating the causes of destruction of a crankshaft
Horia Binchiciu, Romulus Pascu, Victor Geanta, Emilia Binchiciu Experiments with the purpose of expanding the loading capacity of standard construction grapples
Daniel Tihanov‐Tănăsache, Radu Stefanoiu, Aurelia Binchiciu, Emilia Binchiciu 10:30 ‐ 11:00 Coffee break 11:00 ‐ 12:30 Session 6 / Moderator: Eng. Radu Cojocaru A Comparison Study on the Influence of Cutting Edge Hybrid Ultrasonic Thermal Technology versus Thermal Cutting on Seatbelt Processing Quality
Răzvan Ionuț Iacobici, Gabriela‐Victoria Mnerie, Diana Sophia Codat, Camelia Verșan Roșu Waste Recovery from Thermal Galvanization Process, as Oxide Materials Used to Remove Dyes from Water
Alexandra Maria Pricop, Laura Cocheci and Camelia Versan‐Rosu Research on Welding with Electron Beam of Multiple Overlapping Nickel Based Amorphous Ribbons
Nicolaescu Mircea, Codrean Cosmin, Gabriela‐Victoria Mnerie, Mina Popescu Efficient process to develop self‐sharpening active elements
Victor Geanta, Ionelia Voiculescu, Emilia Binchiciu, Daniela Maria Iovanas, Radu Stefanoiu, Horia Binchiciu
12:00 ‐ 13.00 Visit the exhibition at ISIM Timisoara 13:00 ‐ 14:30 Meeting for building partnerships to promote Joint European projects
(ISIM Timisoara 7th floor)
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ABSTRACTS Mechanized Welding with Metal Cored Wire
A.A. Golyakevich, L.N. Orlov, S.Yu. Maksimov Currently, there is a steady upward trend in the consumption of flux‐cored wires in the global market of
welding consumables. One of the rapidly developing technologies for the manufacture of metal structures is shielded gas arc welding with flux‐cored wire with a metal core. According to the technology of use, metal‐cored wires do not differ from solid wires, and even surpass them in some technological characteristics. Taking into account global trends in the development of mechanized welding and the lack of domestic analogues, LLC TM.VELTEK has developed and mastered the manufacturing of high‐performance metal cored wire TMB5‐MK for welding in mixtures of 82% Ar + 18% CO2, 90% Ar + 10% CO2. The research aimed to study the features of the process of welding with metal cored wire compared to welding with solid wire. It has been established that metal cored wire provides high stability of arc burning in a wide range of welding modes. When welding at the same conditions in the optimal range, the index of stability of arc burning when using solid wire Sv‐08G2S is 3 times lower. At the same time, the TMV5‐MK wire provides a reduction in spatter losses, an increase in welding productivity and high mechanical properties of the weld metal. It is shown that the stability of the welding process is significantly affected by the electrodynamic properties of the power source and this factor must be taken into account when evaluating the welding and technological properties of welding wires and developing recommendations for their use.
Thermal and Mechanical Influence of Ultrasonically Aided Electrical Discharge Machining on Co‐Cr Alloys
Cristea Bogdan‐Ionuț, Ghiculescu Daniel And Dumitru Mnerie The paper reviews machining of CoCr alloys by electric discharge machining and ultrasonic aided discharge
machining. The removal mechanism is discussed, modeled with Comsol Multiphysics and validated using experimental data.
Wps Design of Dissimilar Metal Welds between Austenitic Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel for Building Thermal Power Plants
Nguyen Duc Thang, Nguyen Tuan Hieu, Nguyen Van Duc Dissimilar metal welding (DMW) is frequently used to join stainless steels to other metals in Thermal Power
Plants (TPP) and industries. DMW process has been shown to have great advantages for many years. This approach is most often used where a transition in mechanical properties and/or performance in service are required. The objective of this research is to review the basic principles of fusion welding of dissimilar metals.
In experiments, the two seamless pipes with 18 mm thick, one modified SS 304L austenitic stainless steel was welded to another modified carbon steel A 106B by means of shielded metal arc (SMAW) and gas tungsten arc (GTAW) welding processes using ER309L and E 309L‐16 type of filler metal. Before welding, essential variables were analysed so that creating preliminary welding procedure specifications (pWPS). After welding, weldment was tested by NDT such as visual, penetrant and radiography. Microstructural examinations were carried out including macro and micrographs, grain size analysis, and hardness measurements. Transverse tensile, and face/ root bend testing were carried out. Finally, WPS was established conformance to standards of TPP structure toward to building Nuclear Power Plant in Vietnam.
Evaluation of the Cavitation Resistance of INCONEL 718, in Delivered and Respectively Heat Treated Condition
Cornelia Laura Salcianu, Ilare Bordeasu, Nicușor‐Alin Sîrbu, Rodica Bădărău, Gabriel Mălaimare, Mihai Hluscu, Daniel Ostoia, Octavian Victor Oanca Inconel 718 is a very difficult metal for machining because of its high plasticity. Lately, more and more
researchers are interested in using it for cavitation parts, such as the drawers of the valves. For this purpose, heat treatments have been initiated to facilitate mechanical machining, aiming simultaneously to obtain good compression and cavitation resistance results. Therefore, this paper presents the results of cavitation erosion behavior and cavitation resistance of ICONEL 718, subjected to two heat treatment regimes, differentiated by the duration (temperature 800 0C and residence times 5 hours, and respectively 10 hours). The assessment of the cavitation resistance provided by each heat treatment regime is based on the average durability cavitation parameter, as defined by K. Steller. The research is achieved by using the standard vibrator device with piezoceramic crystals from the Cavitation Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara.
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Inspection and Repair Quality Plan of Regeneration Gas Heater Marko Jaric, Sanja Petronic, Nikola Budimir, Aurel Valentin Birdeanu, Srdjan Tadic Gas heaters used in oil and petrol industry transfer heat to the produced gas stream. Heaters are especially
used when producing natural gas or condensate to avoid the formation of ice and gas hydrates. In this work, the inspection practices for process heaters used in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants is presented as well as critical places for crack formation. After the inspection of the Regeneration Gas Heater the cracks were found and immediately repaired. The inspection is performed using visual, liquid penetrant and ultrasonic testing. The inspection and plan repair by welding is covered according to API 573:2013 and ASME IX:2017. In this work, the results before and after repair are presented and discussed.
Simulation and Experimental Based Analysis of the Laser Beam Welding of DP Steels Raghawendra P. S. Sisodia, Marcell Gáspár, Béla Fodor And László Draskóczi In this paper, heat affected zone characteristics of DP1000 steels was investigated during diode laser beam
welding (LBW). A butt‐welded joint of specimen in dimension of 300 x 150 mm each (according to EN15614‐11:2002) with 1 mm thickness is used for the experimental purpose. The welding thermal cycle and the cooling circumstances in the HAZ was determined by real experiment and the physical simulation. A Gleeble 3500 thermo‐physical simulator was used to physically simulate the coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) on the base material specimens by the utilization of the thermal cycles for t8/5 =2.5 s. The results of the physical simulation were validated by real welding experiments. The properties of the simulated and the real HAZ was examined by optical microscopic, scanning electron microscope and hardness tests.
Assessment of the cavitation resistance of stainless steel X5CrNi18‐10, subjected to thermal sensitization based on average durability
Cornelia Laura Salcianu, Ilare Bordeasu, Nicușor‐Alin Sîrbu, Rodica Bădărău, Mihai Hluscu, Liviu Daniel Pirvulescu, Daniel Ostoia,Ocatvian Victor Oanca Among the uses of stainless steel X5CrNi18‐10 one mentions the hydraulic machine blades and the rotors,
which are highly susceptible to cavitation. To achieve a long life service under cavitation conditions, the pieces made of this steel are subjected to volumetric thermal treatments, which change the structure and mechanical properties. In this paper, one presents the results of the research concerning the behavior and the resistance to the cavitation erosion of the thermally sensitized X5CrNi18‐10 stainless steel, applying four different temperature regimes (two at 6500C and two at 7500C) and different durations (30 minutes and respectively 60 minutes). The results are presented in the form of cumulative mass loss curves M (t) and erosion rate v (t). The assessment of the cavitation resistance provided by each heat treatment regime is based on the average durability cavitation parameter, as defined by K. Steller. The research was conducted on the standard vibrator with piezo‐ceramic crystals from the Cavitation Laboratory of the Politechnica University of Timisoara.
General considerations regarding friction stir welding of some steels used in important industrial fields
Cristian Ciuca, Radu Cojocaru , Lia Nicoleta Boțilă and Ion Aurel Perianu The paper present some general aspects regarding results obtained by ISIM Timișoara at FSW of steel alloys,
with wide use in important industrial fields. The paper also contains information on own contributions of ISIM Timișoara in the field of FSW.
Until the present, ISIM Timisoara has responded to some specific requests from the industry, for applying of the FSW process to light alloys and industrial copper Cu 99.
The paper presents some general elements regarding the results obtained to welding steels having wide use in industry and which can substantiate industrial applications.
The experimental welding programs were developed using the techniques of application of the FSW process, made by ISIM Timisoara: FSW welding machine, welding tools for steels, monitoring systems of the welding process FSW, respectively system for applying of the FSW‐TIG hybrid welding process.
Sintered tungsten carbide P20S tools with smooth shoulder and pine in 3 constructive variants: smooth conical, smooth cylindrical and pine with four flat recesses (pyramid trunk) were used.
It has been shown that the welding tools made of P20S tungsten carbide, with sharp edges, are more resistant and present the best solution for FSW applications.
Experimental programs have shown that by observing specific process conditions, the FSW process can be applied with excellent results when welding steel.
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The IIW/EWF Manufacturer Certification System for the Management of Quality in Welding Fabrication. Experience in Implementing the IIW/EWF System in Romania
H. Daşcău, M. Oproiu This article presents the developments and perspectives regarding the certification of the manufacturers of
welded constructions from the scheme developed by the European Welding Federation (EWF) and later implemented by the International Institute for Welding (IIW). In the beginning data and information related to the development by the European Welding Federation of the Harmonized Manufacturer Certification Scheme, according to EN 729 and later according to EN ISO 3834, are given, continuing with an in‐depth analysis of the type of Manufacturers that have applied for such a certificate. The status in Romania, together with the development steps of the EWF/IIW Scheme in Romania are given in a comparative manner, from starting moment to date, thus allowing a general view on the developments on the Romanian market. The analysis was realized comparatively, and refers also to the main industrial sectors from which the Manufacturers where certified. The last part of the article presents the perspectives of certification system on the European/International market, as well on the Romanian market.
Reliability in Microjoining Processes for Instrumented Nuclear Fuel Element Fabrication Truta Calin, Amzoi Adrian, Barbos Dumitru The paper presents the assembling flux of thermocouple‐instrumented nuclear fuel element for research
reactor, from the point of view of the welding / brazing engineer, considering nuclear quality and safety requirements: fuel element structural reliability (no radioactive leaks through joints) and temperature signal reliability (thermocouple sheath integrity), this signal being an essential parameter for reactor normal operation and emergency shut‐down.
The paper is a real case study for an experimental instrumented element recently developed at INR‐Pitesti describing technology choices as balance between fabrication complexity and risk of failure in joining processes, especially in later stages when added value increases.
All joints (welded or brazed) fall into microjoining category, and it is shown how some special provisions may influence reliability. Focus is put on brazing thin‐walled Inconel sheathed thermocouples, where erosion and local loss of ductility are known issues, leading to sheath rupture. Choosing as filler the less aggressive BNi‐9 helped too little. A simple but efficient technique has been developed to address this matter adequate to narrow spaces inside a nuclear fuel element, where no room is available for solutions described in literature e.g. distal preplacing of filler. The solution prevents sheath from having prolonged contact with large volume of molten filler by using locally a miniature barrier (thin stainless‐steel coil or sleeve) which only allows capillary wetting, being also a perfect real‐time visual indicator of brazing progress and completion. As proved in the present paper, this method along with using filler formulation with lower Carbon content (without organic binder) enhances significantly, 8 times at least, resistance to bending fatigue.
A particular vacuum brazing chamber design is employed: narrow quartz tube with external induction coil and top fitting letting outside the long thermocouples attached, reducing much the chamber volume and degassing. Careful impedance match is therefore required to overcome induction power loss due to the larger coil‐to‐workpiece gap.
Additional joining problems are discussed e.g. inherent differential expansion of long parts during induction heating which afterwards may put tension upon braze during solidification and determine delayed cracking, this being avoided through wise order of operations. Another concern is the final precision weld between instrumentation segment having attached the hard‐to‐handle long thermocouples bunch and nuclear segment with the heavy Uranium pellets.
The result of this research is successful assembling of first Romanian prototype with joints exhibiting Helium leak rate bellow 1E‐09 std.cc/sec and overall reliability proved during reactor irradiation testing.
Testing of Welded Joints between Pipes for Pressure Vessels Made of Hot Rolled Fine‐Grained Steel P460NL1
Miodrag Arsić, Srđan Bošnjak, Vencislav Grabulov, Mladen Mladenović, Zoran Savić This paper contains results of tests performed in order to determine mechanical properties of steel
P460NL1, used as filler material during the execution of welded joints. Arc welding of samples from which the specimens were taken was carried out through the application of welding process 111, because it is one of the processes for the execution of pipelines for pressure equipment. Microspecimens with diameter of ∅1,5 mm were tested in order to determine tensile properties of material taken from the heat‐affected zone and weld metal, while specimens with diameter of ∅6 mm were tested in order to determine tensile properties of
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parent material. Standard Charpy V‐notch specimens were used in order to determine impact energy. Results of metallographic tests which refer to the structure of a pipe welded joint are also presented.
Influence of Cooling Time t8/5 on Impact Toughness of P460NL1 Steel Welded Joints Simon A. Sedmak, Mihajlo Aranđelović, Radomir Jovičić, Dorin Radu, Ivica Čamagić The results of impact testing of welded joint specimens taken from a welded plate made of P460NL1 steel
are presented in this paper, and analysed with regards to the cooling time t8/5, that was previously calculated. The aim was to determine how the cooling times that were measured, some of which were below the minimum required values, affected the toughness, in terms of total impact energy and its components, crack initiation and crack propagation energy. In addition, this analysis included the effects of temperatures measured at the opposite ends of the plate during the welding process, since this had also affected the cooling times for each welding pass.
After observing the differences in total, crack initiation and propagation energy between the tested specimens taken from different parts of the welded plate, it was determined that the specimens from the part where the higher temperatures were measured had shown better, more uniform results, whereas the average total impact energy for specimens from both groups were very similar. It was also noticed that the ratio of crack propagation to crack initiation was more favourable (greater) in the case of specimens from the second group (with higher temperature), as the values of crack initiation energy decreased slightly and the crack propagation energy increased.
Integrity and Life Assessment of Welded Joints Made of Micro‐Alloyed High Strength Steels Simon A. Sedmak, Aleksandar Sedmak, Aleksandar Grbovic, Zoran Radakovic Structural integrity and life of welded joints made of a micro‐alloyed low‐carbon fine‐grained normalised
high strength pressure vessel steel, P460NL1 is presented [1]. The researach performed within the scope of this topic involved a large number of experiments, including tensile and bending tests, hardness and toughness, as well as metallography and fractography tests, in order to determine the mechanical properties of the materials and the welded joints in detail, along with their microstructures and their influence on the obtained test results.
Specimens cut out of a welded plate with dimensions of 500x500x14 mm were used for the experiments, whereas certain tests required the making of notches in the specimens, inside the heat affected zone, and this welded joint region was the focus of the research.
Fatigue experimental tests were based on the assumption that fatigue crack growth rate changes depending on the regions through which the crack passed during its propagation. For this purpose, specimens used in toughness and fatigue tests were divided into four groups, depending on the part of the plate from which they were taken. Numerical calculations were performed using the extended finite element method (XFEM) [2]. Simulations were based on the experimentally determined values of Paris law coefficients, C i m [3‐5], for every region through which the crack propagated during each test. Obtained results have indicated good agreement with the experimental ones, which verified the application of extended finite element method in this case.
Mechanical Properties of Duplex Treated Steels Obtained by Instrumented Indentation Nistor Ana Maria, Becheru Andrei, Foltut Daniel, Buzdugan Ramona Monica, Buzdugan Dragos and Radu Bogdan Nowadays there is a growing need to reduce or control wear, corrosion and fatigue in order to extend the
lifetime of mechanical parts, to make engines and devices more efficient, to develop new advanced products, to conserve material resources, to save energy and to improve the safety. The surface properties of mechanical parts may be improved through Duplex treatments. A Duplex treatment is a sequence of two treatments, combining their advantages and leading to better surface properties. A Duplex treatment consisting in nitriding and work hardening through shot peening has been chosen as a solution for improving the properties of EN 34CrNiMo6 alloyed steel. This paper reports the results obtained for hardness and bulk modulus on treated and untreated samples. The samples were examined using a Dynamic Ultra Micro Hardness (DUH) tester under a set of maximum loads ranging from 100 to 1000 mN. Each sample was subjected to load‐unload cycle under the same amount of maximum load and the loads vs. penetration depth curves were plotted. Results showed a better mechanical behavior of Duplex treated.
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Production of Bulk Metallic Glasses by Ultrasonic Welding of Nickel Based Amorphous Ribbons Nicolaescu Mircea, Codrean Cosmin, Emilia Binchiciu, Bogdan Radu With the evolution of society new materials or classes of materials must be developed. The metallic alloys
with amorphous structure have exceptional physical properties due to the spatial order of the atoms in structure and the absence of crystalline defects such as dislocations, grain boundaries, etc. Due to the metastable states in which these alloys are located, obtaining massive materials from amorphous metal alloys is difficult, being limited to simple geometries and high production cost. This problem can be solved by using the ultrasonic welding of amorphous foils for the production of bulk metallic glasses.
Mechanical Testing of GFRP Composite Materials Used in Wind Turbine Blades Construction Ciprian Morăraş, Catalin Andrei Tugui, Rozina Steigmann, Paul Doru Barsanescu, Bogdan Leitoiu, Viorel Goanță The paper proposes to present the results of the evaluation of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) used
in the construction of wind turbine blades. In a wind turbine, the blades are the most exposed to damages and the defects which appear are various and are connected with the type of manufacture, simple/complex loading, environmental conditions etc. In order to increase the lifetime span and to analyze the degradation phenomena during the materials functioning, destructive evaluation tests are performed to determine the mechanical property, by testing pure shear on specimens Iosipescu, from GFRP with woven reinforcement at ± 45° and 0°/90°, with the shear fixture, endowment of Technical University Gheorghe Asachi Iasi.
Researches on Manufacturing Deo Roll Balls by Infrared Radiation Welding Dan Florin Teușdea, Nicușor‐Alin Sîrbu, Mircea Vodă, Octavian Oancă, Erwin Christian Lovasz The paper proposes the analysis of an alternative technology for manufacturing deodorant roll‐on balls of
polypropylene. With the current extrusion‐blowing technology, the manufacturing of these balls results in an uneven wall thicknesses and a large technological runner of material that needs to be grinded and reintroduced into the injection equipment, which involves additional raw material and energy consumption.
The proposed alternate method of manufacturing these balls (as spherical objects) is to form the ball from two ball halves joined together by infrared radiation welding. This process will result in significant savings in raw materials and energy.
Further improvements of dimensional capabilities and control of welding parameters are required prior the transfer on high productivity manufacturing lines.
Additionally, this technology can be assimilated into other applications where hollow balls of plastic are used.
Researches on Manufacturing Deo Roll Balls by Ultrasonic Welding Dan Florin Teușdea, Octavian Oancă, Mircea Vodă, Nicușor‐Alin Sîrbu, Erwin Christian Lovasz Ultrasonic welding is a fast and economical solution for plastic parts. This article proposes Ultrasonic
Welding as an alternative technology for manufacturing deodorant roll‐on plastic balls. With the current technology, the manufacturing of these balls results in an uneven wall thicknesses and a large technological runner of material that needs to be grinded and reintroduced into the injection equipment.
The proposed method of manufacturing these deodorant balls is to form the ball from two ball halves joined together by ultrasonic welding. This process will result in significant savings in raw materials and energy.
Further improvements of welding parameters and dimensions are required prior the transfer on high productivity manufacturing lines.
This technology can be assimilated into other applications where hollow balls of plastic are used.
Considerations about the Organic Acids Effect on Weldings in Food Processing Industry Mihaela Botis Nistoran, Gabriela‐Victoria Mnerie, Dumitru Mnerie For food processing equipment, welding uses heat to fuse together the various pipes and pieces of stainless
steel. The quality of the weld is a determining factor in whether or not the product meets hygienic design standards for the food processing industry. When fabricating food processing equipment, weld quality is extremely important to maintain the integrity of the products being processed. A weld does not meet hygienic design standards if there is potential for contamination that can result from cracks, crevices, 90‐degree angles, corrosion or over‐stresses surfaces in the processing equipment.
When product is stuck in a crevice it becomes very difficult to remove through regular cleaning leaving the potential for bacteria to build up and contaminate additional food products.
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Considerations on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Butt Welds of the En Aw 5754 Aluminium Alloy, Made by Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Verbitchi Victor, Cojocaru Radu, Botila Lia‐Nicoleta, Ciucă Cristian and Perianu Ion‐Aurel Experiments have been performed for the butt welding of 160 mm x 90 mm x 2 mm sheets of EN AW 5754
aluminium alloy, where the friction stir welding (FSW) has been used. Referring to the parent metal, the chemical composition and the form of wrought products of the
aluminium alloy EN AW 5754 is presented, according to the standard EN 573‐1:2005, respectively EN 573‐3:2013. The mechanical properties of EN AW‐5754 (Al Mg3) sheets are presented, according to EN 485‐2:2016. The experiments have been conducted on the own equipment for friction stir welding, type FSW‐4kW‐10kN, to execute 8 (eight) FSW test pieces, according to EN ISO 25239‐4. A quenched FSW tool, own‐made of C 45 grade steel, EN 10083, has been used. The parameters of the FSW tests are shown. As main parameters, the rotational speed of the FSW tool was in the range n = 800 – 1200 rev/min, respectively the travel speed was in the range v = 50 – 200 mm/min. The run of the joining experiments is described and the joining test pieces are presented in figures. The ultimate tensile strength of the parent metal (σmin,pm) is based on the specified minimum tensile strength of the ”O” condition of the parent material, respectively this value is also required for the weld, that is σmin,w = 190 MPa. The specimens T1.0, T1.1, T2.1, T2.2, T3.1, T3.2, T4.1, T4.2, T5.1, T5.2 și T6.1 are adequate and accepted by this tensile test. The specimens T1.2, T6.2, T7.1, T72. and T8.1 can be accepted, if higher properties are achieved with a full postweld treatment. Another possibility is a lower extent of the minimum tensile strength of the weld that shall be in accordance with another design specification, for example σmin,w = 145 MPa. By the correlation of the FSW parameters with the results of the tensile test, the ranges for the main parameters with adequate values of the ultimate tensile strength are established: n = 800 – 1000 rev/min and v = 50 – 100 mm/min. By the conclusions, the main aspects of the execution of the FSW test pieces, as well as the results of the tensile tests are selected. The involved industrial areas of the applications are: electro‐technique, electronics, manufacturing, shipbuilding and automotive industries. The FSW process is ecological, because it neither uses, nor produces hazardous substances. The references consist of 12 titles.
Investigating the causes of destruction of a crankshaft Horia Binchiciu, Romulus Pascu, Victor Geanta, Emilia Binchiciu The paper presents studies carried out in order to determine the causes of destruction, by cracking, of a
crankshaft from the composition of a tractor used to process soil. Experiments were carried out in two directions, namely a step by step study on the degraded area and a
investigation into the operating conditions of the machine, on that specific work cycle. The degraded shaft was investigated visually at a magnification of 10x and by hardness tests on the areas
with embrittlement cracking. Hardness test enfolded large variations (in hardness), of up to 40%, leading to a high sensitivity to cracking
by mechanical fatigue, induced by the structural tension concentrators. However, hardness examination did not reveal areas of shaft degradation due to fatigue, which determined us to study the operating conditions. The shaft cracking occurred during soil processing, using a multilayered plow and in difficult exploitation conditions.
Variations of mechanical characteristics of soils in the area of operation of the machine, is relatively large, fact which corroborated with the lack of safety elements when overloaded, of the endowment of the tractor‐plow system, led to the overcoming of the permissible load, which on a background of high hardness material, determined the embrittlement cracking of the crankshaft. Research performed highlighted, for the area in which the machine activates, the necessity of introducing in the power‐generating system of safety and protection elements to prevent the destruction of components.
Experiments with the purpose of expanding the loading capacity of standard construction grapples
Daniel Tihanov‐Tănăsache, Radu Stefanoiu, Aurelia Binchiciu, Emilia Binchiciu Grapples geometric configuration is established by calculating the useful load mass, in the experiments
performed in the present paper it is 3000 kg. In exploitation, in cases where relatively low density materials, if compared to standard materials, are being
moved/processed adaptations to the volume capacity must be performed, they need to be correlated to the new materials as well as the exploitation conditions.
The solution developed by the authors consists in prolonging and consolidating the active elements of the grapple, by equipping it with additional elements that take and process load tensions, in the present case hard
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wood logs; and a consolidation and protection system that protects it from wear, that mostly appears when the hook crane repeatedly hits the ground in order to collect the deposited logs.
The additional elements for handling and processing logs are made out of low alloyed steel, thus by configuring the tips we assure the good gliding of processed materials on the active/used surfaces. The self‐protection system to wear is made out of boron micro‐alloyed steel sheets that have hardness values up to 500 HB. Joining the grapple ensemble with specialized elements was performed through welding.
Efficient process to develop self‐sharpening active elements Victor Geanta, Ionelia Voiculescu, Emilia Binchiciu, Daniela Maria Iovanas, Radu Stefanoiu, Horia Binchiciu The paper presents technologies for the manufacturing of modulated bi‐metal elements, used as
interchangeable reinforcement, according to patent RO129865. The bi‐metal was developed by surface build‐up of functional layers that have increased hardness, on a low alloyed steel substrate, so as to ensure maximum lifespan in exploitation. Welded layers deposited on active areas has a thickness of 3 mm and have high hardness (about 50‐60 HRC) in order to ensure a good resistance to wear by abrasion, possibly combined with fatigue, erosion or corrosion. The modulated elements sizes are equal to or higher than the wear additions, up to 10%, being dimensioned on the principles of preventive‐repetitive maintenance. The interchangeable bi‐metal elements are welded on the steel components of machines, used for hot or cold processing of parts and semi‐finished products manufactured in series
A Comparison Study on the Influence of Cutting Edge Hybrid Ultrasonic Thermal Technology versus Thermal Cutting on Seatbelt Processing Quality
Răzvan Ionuț Iacobici, Gabriela‐Victoria Mnerie, Diana Sophia Codat, Camelia Verșan Roșu Research conducted aimed to compare the hybrid ultrasonic‐thermal cutting technology with the classic
thermal cutting one. The experimental program was carried out on the ISIM designed hybrid equipment, operating at a frequency of 35 KHz, with a cutting geometry of the ultrasonic horn ‐ sonotrode and the thermal anvil designed specifically for the task at hand; the first phase of the experimental program was developed on the thermal cutting module, the second one was performed on the US‐thermal hybrid module, both modules being part of the hybrid cutting equipment designed and patented by ISIM Timisoara.
The research performed in this present paper, intends to highlight the benefits of the hybrid cutting technology when compared to classical thermal cutting, in order to process two types of materials with different specifications and dimensions. After visually inspection cut materials have been then compared with automotive seatbelt quality standard IATF ‐ International Automotive Task Force 16949. Experiments highlighted that hybrid ultrasonic‐thermal cutting process has a significant influence on the quality of processed materials when compared to classic thermal cutting process, which in some cases makes the materials unsuitable for use in the automotive industry. The paper further presents two types of technology data sets suitable for 2 types of materials and up to automotive industry requirements.
Waste Recovery from Thermal Galvanization Process, as Oxide Materials Used to Remove Dyes from Water
Alexandra Maria Pricop, Laura Cocheci and Camelia Versan‐Rosu At present times metals are an important resource for industrial development and improving human
lifestyles. Thanks to advanced research that is being carried out, worldwide, metals can be recycled over and over again with minimal loss; therefore we can say that recycling has become a phenomenon and not just a capitalizing process.
Processing by thermal galvanizing means immersing iron or steel in a molten zinc bath, in order to form a zinc layer on their surface, a layer that protects parts against corrosion. At all stages of the thermal galvanizing process, waste is generated in solid, liquid and/or gas form. Residual solution, coming from the pickling stage of metallic objects, is continuously discharged from the process and contains significant amounts of iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+), zinc, chlorides and has an acidic pH (pH = 2). In this study, we used this residual solution as an iron source for the synthesis of oxide materials, that have been shown to have adsorbing and photo catalytic properties in the elimination of dyes from residual water.
Oxide materials have been obtained using the method of layered double hydroxides preparation, which is a synthesis process by co‐precipitation. Using a corresponding mass of Zn(NO3)3 . 6H2O and a required volume of residual water, the molar ratio Zn: Fe is 1:2, an oxidic material was obtained. This result was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and showed the existence of a single crystalline phase, indicated as zinc ferrite or Franklinite (DB card No. 9002489). The synthesized material was used as an adsorbent and then as a photocatalyst, in the
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process of removing the Congo Red dye from the water; thus we can identify a lower dye final (or residual) concentration in the samples after the photocatalytic process of 8.87 mg/L ( 76.2% removal yield) unlike the material used as an adsorbent, when we obtained a concentration of 31.7 mg/L ( 44,0 % removal efficiency).
By comparing the two processes, we can conclude that by photo catalysis, zinc ferrite has better properties of removing dye from residual water.
The novelty elements the present study contains are the method of synthesis of the oxide materials, as well as the source of metals (‐ industrial residual water). The entire study, the synthesis and the use of waste water treatment processes of materials obtained from residual waters can be regarded as a close circuit process, in which industrial wastewater is purified.
Future studies will be carried out in order to remove/recycle different types of metals from various industrial waste waters (for example the mining industry and other metallurgical industries) as well as using synthesized oxide materials in the purification process, by means of absorption and photocatalysis of specific types of waste water, that contain organic compounds (waste waters from the organic industry of synthesis, textile, pharmaceutical industry).
Research on Welding with Electron Beam of Multiple Overlapping Nickel Based Amorphous Ribbons
Nicolaescu Mircea, Codrean Cosmin, Gabriela‐Victoria Mnerie, Mina Popescu This paper presents experiments regarding the welding with electron beam of multiple overlapping Ni‐
based amorphous ribbons produced by "Planar flow casting" method [1]. Welded samples were performed, using the electron beam welding equipment “Chamber Machine EBG 45‐150 K14” [2]. The welded joints were analyzed by SEM, EDX, XRD in order to optimize some technological parameters to avoid deterioration of the amorphous ribbons during the welding process [3].
Efficient process to develop self‐sharpening active elements Victor Geanta, Ionelia Voiculescu, Emilia Binchiciu, Daniela Maria Iovanas, Radu Stefanoiu, Horia Binchiciu The paper presents technologies for the manufacturing of modulated bi‐metal elements, used as
interchangeable reinforcement, according to patent RO129865. The bi‐metal was developed by surface build‐up of functional layers that have increased hardness, on a low alloyed steel substrate, so as to ensure maximum lifespan in exploitation. Welded layers deposited on active areas has a thickness of 3 mm and have high hardness (about 50‐60 HRC) in order to ensure a good resistance to wear by abrasion, possibly combined with fatigue, erosion or corrosion. The modulated elements sizes are equal to or higher than the wear additions, up to 10%, being dimensioned on the principles of preventive‐repetitive maintenance. The interchangeable bi‐metal elements are welded on the steel components of machines, used for hot or cold processing of parts and semi‐finished products manufactured in series.
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