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Organization - 1Organization - 1
• Where:Where:– Go to the fishers and their communityGo to the fishers and their community– Close to landing areas, co-ops centersClose to landing areas, co-ops centers
• When:When:– Time of day fit to their routine.Time of day fit to their routine.
• (night may facilitate projection, but (night may facilitate projection, but fatigue)fatigue)
– Match fishing season Match fishing season
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Organization - 2Organization - 2
• ContactsContacts– Government: Fisheries, Environment, Government: Fisheries, Environment,
etc.etc.– Reach those that are in contact Reach those that are in contact
with fisherswith fishers– Avoid those in “police roles”Avoid those in “police roles”
– IndustryIndustry– Leadership of all sectors Leadership of all sectors
(individuals, Chambers)(individuals, Chambers)– Local leadership (co-ops, etc.)Local leadership (co-ops, etc.)
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OrganizationOrganization – 2 (cont.)– 2 (cont.)
• Environmental community, Environmental community, ecologistsecologists– Identify sensible onesIdentify sensible ones– Identify common objectivesIdentify common objectives
• Develop partnerships across all Develop partnerships across all sectorssectors
• Build trust and credibility in the Build trust and credibility in the teamteam
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Organization - 3Organization - 3
• Displays and props– Sea turtle and fish posters– Maps of region, oceanography,
bathymetry– Hook photos or displays– Dehookers and other equipment– Photos from worhshops in nearby or
same community
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Organization - 4
• Duration:– The shortest you can without rushing
or cutting material that makes explanations more difficult
– Take time to explain more difficult figures, plots, charts; they will understand
– Don’t waste time with subjects that are of scientific interest but irrelevant to them
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Organization - 5Organization - 5
• Contents:Contents:– Who are youWho are you– Why are you there: the turtles have a Why are you there: the turtles have a
problemproblem– Why is that the fishers’ problemWhy is that the fishers’ problem– There is a solution, but not much timeThere is a solution, but not much time– Only if they all pull together they can Only if they all pull together they can
succedsucced– And this is how you do itAnd this is how you do it
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SUBSECRETARÍA DE RECURSOS PESQUEROS
Con apoyo técnico de:Con apoyo técnico de:
Martin Hall - Comisión InterAmericana del Martin Hall - Comisión InterAmericana del Atún TropicalAtún Tropical
John Mitchell, Charles Bergman y Yonat John Mitchell, Charles Bergman y Yonat Swimmer - Administración Oceánica y Swimmer - Administración Oceánica y
Atmosférica Nacional de los EEUU Atmosférica Nacional de los EEUU (Pesquerías) (Pesquerías)
María José Barragán - Alianza Jatun María José Barragán - Alianza Jatun Sacha/CDC EcuadorSacha/CDC Ecuador
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blanca o golfinablanca o golfina
7 quillas o laúd
carey
negra
cabezona o caguama
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palangrepalangre
arrastrearrastre
Cerca de 800 Cerca de 800 asistentesasistentes
There is a large effort in the regionThere is a large effort in the region
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Scientists worriedScientists worried
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The public learns and respondsThe public learns and responds
… … pressurepressure buildsbuilds
What to do to save the turtles ?What to do to save the turtles ?
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Los abajo firmantes hacemos un llamado a las Naciones Unidas, a los Estados Unidos y a otras
naciones para que declarenuna moratoria a la pesquería de palangre pelágico del Pacífico, a la de enmalle, y a otras técnicas de pesca que causan mortalidad de tortugas laúd, hasta
tanto esas actividades se puedan llevar a cabo sin dañar a la especie
……………………………………………………………………………..
Pedido de moratoria a las Naciones Unidas
Shut down the fisheriesShut down the fisheries
or stop purchases of species or stop purchases of species
that drive longline fisheriesthat drive longline fisheries
(mahi-mahi, tunas, swordfish) (mahi-mahi, tunas, swordfish)
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Número de nidos de tortuga laúd en la Playa MexiquilloNúmero de nidos de tortuga laúd en la Playa Mexiquillo
The evidence is very solidThe evidence is very solid
Sarti et. al. (1996,2000,2002)
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Número de hembras anidando enNúmero de hembras anidando en Parque Nacional Las Baulas, Costa RicaParque Nacional Las Baulas, Costa Rica
From Spotila, Paladino and Reina
6902/03
The scoreboard
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Número de nidos de tortuga laúd Número de nidos de tortuga laúd en Terengganu, Malasiaen Terengganu, Malasia
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Tortugas Laúd Tortugas Laúd Número de Hembras adultasNúmero de Hembras adultas
Todo el PacíficoTodo el Pacífico
19801980 91,00091,000
19951995 6,5006,500
20002000 3,4903,490
Pacífico Pacífico OrientalOriental
19951995 4,6384,638
20002000 1,6901,690
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Playa Grande leatherbacks
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91
Years from now
Pro
babi
lity
of e
xtin
ctio
nPreliminary results – extinction risk analysis using methods of Dennis et al. (1990) and Holmes (2002 and in press). Crowder et al., in prep.
Mexiquillo leatherbacks
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91
Years from now
Pro
ba
bili
ty o
f e
xtin
ctio
n
Probabilidad de extinción
Tortuga laúd de Playa Grande, Costa Rica
Tortuga laúd de Mexiquillo, MexicoAños en el futuro
Años en el futuro
There is not a lot of There is not a lot of timetime to find a solution to find a solution
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Leatherback Turtle• The largest turtle- 900 kg, over 2
m long
• It migrates from Mexico to Chile and from Malaysia to California
• The deepest diving animal (to 1000 m, as deep as a whale)
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¿Está la tortuga laúd en¿Está la tortuga laúd enpeligro de extinción?peligro de extinción?
LaLaúd = Baula = 7 cuerosúd = Baula = 7 cuerosLocal names: 3 cueros, 7 filos, 3 filos, tinglada, Local names: 3 cueros, 7 filos, 3 filos, tinglada,
gigante, garapacho, etc.gigante, garapacho, etc.
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Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Costa Rica
Colombia
Ecuador
Mexico
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Malaysia
Papua New
Guinea
Vanuatu
Indonesia
Fiji
Australia
Northern Mariana Islands
Fed. States of Micronesia
Palau Islands
GuamPhilippines
Taiwan
Chile
Peru
JapanSouth KoreaNorth Korea
United States
Canada
Russian Federation
China
Mongolia
40°S
110°E
30°S
10°S
20°S
0°N
10°N
160°W
90°W
100°W
110°W
120°W
130°W
140°W
150°W
170°W
180°E
170°E
160°E
150°E
140°E
130°E
120°E
20°N
70°W
80°W
40°N
30°N
60°N
50°N
70°N Dutton, Eckert & Benson (unpublished)
What do they have to do with the problem What do they have to do with the problem since the turtles nest in other countries?since the turtles nest in other countries?
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Leatherback migrations(Dutton et al., unpublished data; Eckert & Sarti 1999 and unpublished)
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Leatherbacks Loggerheads Drifting Dead
Month (number)
IATTC – observ. - CIATIATTC – observ. - CIAT
1990 - 20021990 - 2002
We don’t have a clear cause of death, and we know We don’t have a clear cause of death, and we know
there are other sourcesthere are other sources of mortalityof mortality
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Black turtle
Drifting Dead
Month (number)
IATTC – observ. - CIATIATTC – observ. - CIAT
1990 - 20021990 - 2002
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Olive ridleyDrifting Dead
Month
IATTC – observ. - CIATIATTC – observ. - CIAT
1990 - 20021990 - 2002
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Capture rates 0.03 turtles/1,000 hooks
(range 0.02-0.04)
0.75 turtles/year0.75 turtles/year if they fish 100 hooks/night, 5 nights/week, 50 weeks/year
It is difficult for individual fishers to It is difficult for individual fishers to perceive the problemperceive the problem
30 million swordfish hooks 30 million swordfish hooks 650 million tuna hooks650 million tuna hooks
(Lewison et al., in review)(Lewison et al., in review)
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Very important points
But But we knowwe know some are killed in the some are killed in the fisheries, (infisheries, (in most most fisheries)fisheries)
If somebody else is killing more turtles it If somebody else is killing more turtles it doesn’t help you to get off the hook doesn’t help you to get off the hook
Don’t waste time, and energy blaming Don’t waste time, and energy blaming othersothers
Deal with your share of the problem, and Deal with your share of the problem, and then ..then ..
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• HELP the others with problems to HELP the others with problems to deal with them; deal with them;
• or, push the government to or, push the government to address the issuesaddress the issues
• You (the fishing community) You (the fishing community) should become involved in should become involved in addressing other sources of addressing other sources of mortality (e.g. for consumption or mortality (e.g. for consumption or sale, or caused by ingestion of sale, or caused by ingestion of plastics, etc.) …. because ………….plastics, etc.) …. because ………….
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THE ONLY WAY OUT IS TO CHANGE THE SCORE IN THE SCOREBOARD
(the number of females nesting)(the number of females nesting)
- people can talk about things, make - people can talk about things, make promises, and then do nothingpromises, and then do nothing
- at sea you are mostly by yourself, and - at sea you are mostly by yourself, and nobody is checking what you donobody is checking what you do
But if the turtles keep declining you are But if the turtles keep declining you are donedone..
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Even if you are doing everything you Even if you are doing everything you can,can,
You still need the others to do their You still need the others to do their share too;share too;
It is not It is not theirtheir problem; it is still problem; it is still youryour problem. problem.
– YOU ARE ALL IN THIS TOGETHER, AND YOU ARE ALL IN THIS TOGETHER, AND YOU NEED TO PULL TOGETHER YOU NEED TO PULL TOGETHER
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Cabezona
Verde Laúd
Nidos en Refugio Carr,
Florida 1982-1998
Ehrhart, 1999Ehrhart, 1999
But in other places, where the turtles have beenBut in other places, where the turtles have been
protected,protected, they are recovering. they are recovering. It can be doneIt can be done..
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
%
Percent of captured turtles incidentally killed in all setsPorcentaje de tortugas capturadas muertas
incidentalmente en todos los lances
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NOAA Fisheries – Pascagoula, Lab
John WatsonJohn Watson(in spirit)(in spirit)
Charlie Charlie BergmanBergman
)
Yonat SwimmerYonat Swimmer
NOAA Fisheries – Hawaii Lab
IATTCIATTC
John Mitchell
SRP ProbEcuadorSRP ProbEcuador
MarMaría J. Barragánía J. Barragán
Fund. Jatun SachaFund. Jatun Sacha
Ing. Luis TorresIng. Luis Torres
SRP ProbEcuadorSRP ProbEcuador
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Interactions with the whole communityInteractions with the whole community
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