Download - Open Textbook Training in Arizona
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Open Textbooks
David WileyInstructional Psychology & Technology
Brigham Young University
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What Does “Open” Mean?
Why should we care?
How will it benefit our students?
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1. Education Is Sharing
the core argument
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Teachers Share With Students
Knowledge and skillsFeedback and criticism
Encouragement
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Students Share With Teachers
QuestionsAssignments
Tests
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If There Is No Sharing
There is no education
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Successful Educators
Share most compeltelywith the most students
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Knowledge is Magical
Can be given without being given away
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Physical Expressions Are Not
To give a book you must give it away
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Expressions Are Different
To give a book you must give it away
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When Expressions Are Digital
They also become magical
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An Indescribable Advance
The first time in human history
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Both Knowledge and Expressions
Can be given without giving away
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Unprecedented Capacity
We can share as never before
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Unprecedented Capacity
We can educate as never before
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What Does “Share” Mean?
Online it means copy and distribute
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Cost of “Copy”
For one 250 page book:
• Copy by hand - $1,000
• Copy by print on demand - $4.50
• Copy by computer - $0.00084
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Cost of “Distribute”
For one 250 page book:
• Distribute by mail - $5.20
• Distribute by internet - $0.00072
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Copy and Distribute are “Free”
This changes everything
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Educational Sharing
Also means adapting or editing
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Sense-making, Meaning-making
Connecting to prior knowledgeRelating to past experience
(In an appropriate language)
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Digital Makes Editing “Free”
Editing a printed book or magazine is difficult and expensive
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Free Copy, Distribute, Edit
We can share as never before
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Free Copy, Distribute, Edit
We can educate as never before
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Except We Can’t
© forbids copying, distributing, and editing
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© Cancels the Possibilities
Of digital media and the internet
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InternetEnables
What to do?
CopyrightForbids
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Use copyright to enforce sharing
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The 4Rs
Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others
Revise – adapt and editRemix – combine with others
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Over 400 Million Items
Using CC licenses at end of 2010
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The “Open” in OER
Free permission to do the 4Rs
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InternetEnables
OERAllows
Sharing and educating at unprecedented scale
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2. The $5 Textbook
the financial argument
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Postsecondary Students
Pay $35 instead of $150 per book300,000 students have saved $39M+
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Postsecondary Students
Pay $35 instead of $150 per book300,000 students have saved $39M+
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Project Kaleidoscope (NGLC)
Preliminary research results
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“How would you rate the quality of the texts used for this course?”
Answer Response %WORSE than… 4 3%About the SAME AS… 67 56%BETTER than… 49 41%
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“Imagine a future course you are required to take. If two different
sections were offered…”
Answer Response %I would enroll in the section with TRADITIONAL PUBLISHED TEXTS
17 13%
I would enroll in the section with TEXTS LIKE THOSE OFFERED IN THIS COURSE
93 74%
I would have no preference 16 13%
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Utah HS Science Classes
Teachers adapted CK12 books for print or digital use
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http://opencontent.org/calculator
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High Schools
Pay $5 instead of $80 per book
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2700 Students in 2011-2012
1200 students in 2010-2011
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Statewide Secondary in 2012
Math 9, Science 9-12, Language Arts 6-12
Potentially 275,000+ students
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Cost of Traditional Books Over Cycle $65,000,000
Cost of Open Books Over Cycle $25,000,000
Potential Savings Over Entire Cycle $40,000,000
Potential Savings Per Year $5,500,000
Back of the Envelope
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Impact on Learning?
Simple substitution makes no difference
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Impact on Learning?
With PD we will move the outcomes needle
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Pedagogy and OER
Highlighting, annotating, taking notes
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Text Marking Strategies
Adapted fromhttp://academic.cuesta.edu/acasupp/as/609.htm
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Any text marking strategy / system must make sense to the person using it.
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• Read a passage through• Go back and underline/highlight words or
phrases that best summarize passage• Limit amount of underlining/highlighting• Requires conscious evaluation
– What is most valuable?– What is not as valuable?
1. Read first then underline or highlight selectively.
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• Transitions:– First,…Second,…Third,– Next,– Finally,– For example,
• Number lists of information imbedded in text– Transition words are good indicators
2. Box transitions and number important ideas.
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• Look up definitions.• Write brief meanings in margins.
3. Circle specialized vocabulary.
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• “What was most of that passage about?”• Summarize concisely (5-10 words)• Especially useful for short, dense passages
4. Jot down main ideas in the margin.
Use m
argin
for key co
ncepts
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• Identify main idea being exemplified• Note in-text definitions
5. Label examples and definitions.
Ex: note taking strategies
Def.
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• Connections to other passages, class discussions, or assignments
• Use top or bottom of page• Requires active reading and critical thinking• Will make study more interesting and useful
6. Write own ideas in [square brackets].
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• Questions help you think, relate to new material, and wonder about implications and applications
• Active questioning can improve learning and retention
7. Write questions as you read.
How can writing questions
help me learn from my text?
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• Summarize AFTER reading – Don’t read and write at the same time
• Use brief phrases• Use whitespace• “What was this section (or chapter) about?”• Use own words, not quotes from the text
8. Summarize larger sections and chapters.
Use whitespace to summarize sections or chapters in my own words.
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• Visual diagram showing relationships between concepts– Isolate and organize main ideas
• Use in addition to OR in place of summaries
9. Map sections or chapters.
Map
Chapters
Sections
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• Isolate opinions of the author from factual statements
• Evaluate importance of opinions• Use multiple check-marks for more important
opinions
10. Check-mark important opinions.✔✔