Download - Open Educational Resources for Global Collaboration: Introduction, Guidelines and Case Study
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Open Educational Resources for Global Collaboration:
Introduction, Guidelines and Case Study
Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski
Worksheets and further material available from [email protected]
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The License in plain words…
All slides in this set can be used for non-commercial purposes (academic, general)
If you like to use my slides, just inform me by sending a mail: [email protected]
If you modify the slides, please send me your version
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…Jyväskylä, Finland…
Source: [http://www.jyu.fi/, http://www.jyvaskyla.fi/]
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…Jyväskylä, Finland…
Source: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/, http://www.jyvaskyla.fi/, http://www.laajavuori.com/]
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University of Jyväskylä
Founded in 1934
Nearly 15.000 degree students in seven faculties.
Approximately 2.500 Staff members.– About 700 Research Staff
Excellence Centre nominated by the Finnish Academy e.g. in Learning and Motivation Research
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Global Information Systems, University of Jyväskylä (JYU) - The Team
Kati Clements Denis Kozlov
Jan M. Pawlowski
Philipp Holtkamp
Henri Pirkkalainen
My backgroundPh.D. Business Information Systems, University of EssenHabilitation “Quality Management / Integration of Knowledge Management and E-Learning”Professor in “Global Information Systems”Chair CEN/ISSS Workshop Learning TechnologiesISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 Project Editor
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JYU: Global Information Systems
Focus areasGlobal Information SystemsSupporting globally distributed workgroupsOpen Educational ResourcesReference Modeling
E-Learning
Supporting international education settingsCultural adaptationStandardization & Quality Management Mobile & Ambient LearningInnovative tools and solutions
ProjectsOpenScout: OER for ManagementTELMAP: Technology ForecastingNORDLET: Nordic Baltic Network for Learning, Education and TrainingCOSMOS, Open Science Resources: Exchange of Scientific ContentASPECT: Open Content and standards for schoolsiCOPER: New standards for educational technologiesLaProf: Language learning in ICT and agriculture
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Imagine…
…you need to set up a new training course
…your budget for trainings was cut
…you have only 2 days to prepare a new training
…you are renewing your organizations strategy
…you want to improve working with colleagues abroad
… you want to develop the highest quality resources for your students / staff!
Are Open Educational Resources a
solution for you???
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Workshop Outcomes
Exploring the opportunities of Open Education, Repositories, Resources in an international context
Ability to search and find resources fitting your needs
Identifying adaptation needs and requirements
Ability to estimate the adaptation effort
Evaluating tools and services
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AgendaProgramme 9.00 – 09.30 Introduction of participants and trainers
Please introduce yourself briefly:
1. Your affiliation
2. Your experience with E-Learning and Open Educational Resources
3. What you expect from the workshop
09.30 – 10.30 Open Educational Resources and Repositories: An Introduction
Open Educational Resources: What is it?
Repositories: Some examples of repositories.
Barriers: What holds us away from using OER?
Opportunities: How can we benefit from OER?
11.00 – 11.45 Adapting and Internationalizing Open Educational Resources: Background, Practices, Examples
What are the processes to adapt OER?
What are the key influence factors for adapting OER?
Culture Models and their influences
From research to practice: How to make OER adaptation and internationalization work…
11.45 – 12.15 Introduction to the exercise: Planning a course based on OER
Selecting a topic and key audience: Schools, Higher Education, Vocational Training
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Agenda
12.45 – 14.00 Planning and initial adaptation of a course: Finding and Retrieving OER
Finding the appropriate resource
Validating its usefulness and potential
14.30 – 15.30 Adapting OER, Re-publishing OER
Finding appropriate tools: Authoring, translating, …
Republishing OER in repositories
15.30 – 16.00 Discussion of experiences
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Introduce yourself…
9.00 – 09.30 Introduction of participants and trainers
Please introduce yourself briefly:– Your affiliation– Your experience with E-Learning and
Open Educational Resources– What you expect from the workshop?
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Contents
What are OER? Concepts and approaches
Barriers of OER use
Case Study Results: How does it work in the real life in Finland?
Recommdenation Systems in the Future: Building your networks
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OER: ConceptsDefinitions:– Technology-enabled, open provision of
educational resources for consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes". (UNESCO, 2002)
– But: Commercial purposes shall not be excluded
→Any digital object which can be freely accessed and used for educational purposes
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Variety of OER…Resources: – learning objects (specific digital objects created for learning purposes)– multimedia documents, simulations but also simple html web resources.
Articles, textbooks and digital equivalents: – articles, papers, books or journals– Open Access
Software tools – producing / authoring learning resources, communication and
collaboration. – Open Source or Free Software
Instructional / didactical designs and experiences – access to instructional designs, didactical plannings– such as lesson plans, case studies or curricula– sharing experiences about materials and lessons between colleagues– Open Educational Practices.
Web assets: – simple resources (assets)– pictures, links, or short texts– not usable on their own in a learning context but can be used to support or
illustrate a certain topic– found by google or similar search engines.
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Open Educational Resources…
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Social Networks (Solis)S
ource: B.D
. Solis:
http://ww
w.sortingthoughts.de/blog/w
p-content/uploads/2008/12/2735401175_fcdcd0da03.jpg
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Sample contentsMaknaz– http://maknaz.elc.edu.sa/portal/
OpenScout– http://www.openscout.net
Mace Project (technology base)– http://www.mace-project.eu
ITunes University– http://www.apple.com/education/itunes-u/
OpenLearn (Open University UK)– http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/
Globe Network (Federation)– http://www.globe-info.org/
Ariadne Foundation (Europe)– http://www.ariadne-eu.org/
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Some more…http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/
http://www.ariadne-eu.org/
http://www.learningcommons.org/educators/library/gem.php
http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm
http://www.jisc-collections.ac.uk/
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Creative_Commons_and_Open_Educational_Resources
http://opentraining.unesco-ci.org/
http://portal.mace-project.eu/
http://www.openscout.net
http://lreforschools.eun.org/
http://globe-info.org
http://lorn.flexiblelearning.net.au/
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The starting point…
Waste amount of content is available in repositories, a large number of experts and users are active in social networks
Great potentials for collaboration, sharing and social innovation
What are barriers and opportunities?
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European teachers find resources…
by searching using keywords 95 %
by browsing by topic / subject / age 84 %
by recommendations from colleagues 84 %
by recommendations from friends 75 %
with good ranking 61 %from an organization with a good reputation 55 %
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I Trust Resources...
0 % 10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
only if I have reviewed them myself
if the resource is in my own language
if I’ve seen a preview of the resource
have been reviewed by colleagues / scientists inthe field
which have been used very often
which have received good rankings
from an organization with a good reputation(e.g., CERN, Harvard, Nasa)
from an organization which has a QualityCertificate (e.g., ISO 9000)
can be integrated in my Learning ManagementSystems / my web page
if the resource has a full metadata attached to it
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So, why doesn’t it work in Education?
- Barriers– “not invented here”– “Education is
something special!”– “I have no time”
– Googling might not be enough
– Complex tools– Curriculum integration– Insecurities– …
+ Potentials & needs– Education budget– Focus on new stuff– Cooperation and
synergies– Skills in the use of ICT
and tools– Enormous resource
pools
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Recommendations of resources and people…
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The solution? Finding resources!
Preparing a new course – finding appropriate materials for re-use
Usefulness? Quality? Rights?
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The solution? Finding people!
Preparing a new course – finding appropriate materials for re-use
Trustworthiness?
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Our study
What do we need to form a community of practice?
What are problems which can occur when using Open Content?
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Finnish teachers vs. European teachers
36 teachers in Central Finland
44 teachers around Europe (Belgium, Romania, Lithuania, Portugal)
Teachers were from the fields of IT, Maths and Science
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Experiences from our Case Study: Sharing of materials made by
othersWhose Materials would you use?
0,00 %20,00 %40,00 %60,00 %80,00 %
100,00 %
Colleagues atthe same school
Colleagues fromthe same
geographicalarea
Colleagues fromelsewhere in my
country
Colleagues fromoutside my
country
Finnish Teachers
European Teachers
Conclusion: Finnish teachers are more willing to use materials made by others than European teachers
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Sharing: Who would you give your materials to?
Who would you give your materials to?
0,00 %10,00 %20,00 %30,00 %40,00 %50,00 %60,00 %70,00 %80,00 %90,00 %
100,00 %
Colleaguesat the same
school
Colleaguesfrom thesame
geographicalarea
Colleaguesfrom
elsewhere inmy country
Colleaguesfrom outsidemy country
None of theabove
Finnish Teachers
European Teachers
Conclusion: Finnish teachers are less willing to give materials to others than European teachers
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But…Overall, the willingness to share materials with other teachers is high
How far the teachers sharing materials from each other are – doesn’t seem to matter!
→In our world in 2010: Physical distance to a colleague does not affect trust???
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What sort of portal functionalities would help you to use web materials more often?
0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %
Efficient search tool
Keyword index
Reviews/Evaluation
User rating (stars)
Translation
Visual appearance
Easy to use
Adaptability
Reliability
Level status
Use cases
European teachers Finnish teachers
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Collaboration network construction
Topic / ContextB
Topic / ContextA
First degree trusted network
Second degree trusted network
Efficient network organization is the key to successTools are needed to facilitate the processOpen Issues:– Factors?– Organization?– The right
network?
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Building collaboration networks
Building networks of colleagues– By topic– By trust– By proximity
Manually…or automatically…
Using collaboration networks– Social networks– International communities
Collaboration competency as the key success factor for future teaching!
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Predictions
Strong worldwide networks will be built (e.g. GLOBE Initiative)Trusted communities should be established, e.g., initiatives between partner countries with similar or mutually beneficial backgrounds (KSA – Finland?)No one fits all (facebook-alike) community but sub networksStarting point: The large social business & leisure networks as well as special interest sites
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Predictions
Organized by location, interest and trust-levels
No more than 3 networks
Connections to various open content sources
Integration of tools & support
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Challenges
Internationalization strategies and tools in global, in particular north-south cooperationsBusiness models: Add-on services and commercialization strategiesTrust awareness and specification mechanisms
Getting started…
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European Initiatives: NORDLET
A Nordic Baltic cooperation for Open Education
Working in a region with great potentials for open education– Tradition of education as part of the
society – Flexible and rapid educational changes
Can we work cooperatively towards open education?
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European Initiatives: NORDLET
Content space: Access to Baltic Nordic resources
Starting point for collaboration
Discussion and debate: Focus topics
Regional events
Clustering conference
Links to social networks: facebook, …
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NORDLET
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European Initiatives: OpenScout
Continuous learning in management …
Development of management skills essential
Growing need for learning materials– Diverse topics, up-to-date, high-quality, inexpensive– Easy to access, skill-specific, adaptable, re-usable
Open educational management content available, but many usage barriers
… utilizing openly accessible learning materials
Easy-to-use web services to access open content
Support all phases of using open learning materials
Re-publish Re-publishSearchSearch Validate solutionValidate solution
Re-use / adapt
Re-use / adapt
Validate re-
usability
Validate re-
usability
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OpenScout Consortium
content federation
skill & competence services
authoring, adaptation
user community
industrial learning technology, content connectors
reference scenarios, evaluation
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Open Scout Architecture
…..
…..
Connector (Enterprise Service Bus, ESB)
CLIX
LCMS
iGoogle
Social Networks
Repositories
OpenLearn
OpenER
Slidestar
…..
Tool library Service library
Basic Search
Competence browsing
and search
Tool recommendati
ons
FM
Toolkit collection
Social Networking
Metadata about users, usage and tools
OpenScout repository federation
User profiles
tool profiles
Social Metadata
Usage Metadata
OpenScout
website
OpenScoutportal
Harvested LOM
Domain classification
Competence metadata
Enriched LOM (AP)
Re-publish
USER CO
MM
UN
ITY (Early adopters)
USER CO
MM
UN
ITY (Large scale)
Harvest
ContentEnrichment
Almost done
At least 1 evaluation done
Started…In progress
Planned, not implemented
…..
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Key aspects
Largest European access point for management, business and related areas
Competence –based learning– Fitting your curriculum
Tools and services– Which tool for which process
Community of trusted colleagues
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Widget-based user-interface which enable users to access the provided services in a user-friendly and convenient way, e.g. searching and retrieving of related learning objects.
Open Scout Prototype
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Consider networks…
Work on shared teaching and development
Use, add, discuss contents
Find people and materials
Develop the idea of open education
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Adapting and Internationalizing OER: Background, Practices, Applications, and Case Study
Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski
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Sample Task
Design a blended learning course on water management for teachers
Small budget available, high quality needed
Key decision: make or buy– Or collaborate!
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The adaptation process
Key issues– How to internationalize materials?– What is the effort?– Which materials are promising and
useful?
Search Adapt Share & Exchange
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General OER-model
Pirkkalainen (2010)
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Process example
• OER process model refined for internationalization purposes• Possible flow of actions resulting to content adaptation and
delivery
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Relationship of the factors
Mapping the contextual factors to the adaptation criteria is crucial
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How does this work in practice?
Step by step approach– Search– Adapt– Share and Exchange
What are the key decisions?
What are state of the art solutions for those steps?
Which issues are open and need further investigation?
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SearchChoose the starting point for your search – in this step, find a good starting repository for your search. We recommend to either use a specific repository for a certain topic (e.g. OpenScout for Management, LRE for school contents) or a federated repository which searches more than one source. Check whether there are multi-lingual features (search, vocabulary, …).
Clearly state your requirements and needs: What are the main characteristics of your content besides the topic area – which is the age group, context (school, Higher Education, SME training, etc), instructional context. All these aspects can usually be specified in the search engines and make it more likely to find good results
Check the quality of a resource: Has the resource been reviewed by colleagues? Has it been certified or has it achieved good ranking from previous re-users?
Check the internationalization requirements: Are there national / regional concepts in the content? Does the curriculum fit? Is the resource appealing?
Ask colleagues and networks: It is promising also to ask experienced colleagues or search forums by fellow teachers as an example. In most cases, you easily find a colleague sharing good ideas and hints.
Familiarize yourself with some basic licenses: Most OER use a creative commons license which aims at providing a simple transparent scheme. In most cases, re-use is allowed when informing the author in non-commercial settings. However, the Creative Commons website for OER helps to clarify what your legal situation is and also provides a tool to build licenses for your needs. http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Creative_Commons_and_Open_Educational_Resources or http://creativecommons.org/choose/?lang=en_GB
Search and try: Most repositories provide direct access to resources, so it might be useful just to try out a few resources and see how it fits your context.
Summarize the characteristics and estimate the adaptation effort
Make your decision: You cannot use all resources but soon you will find resources and colleagues which are fitting your context.
Search
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SearchChoose the starting point for your search – in this step, find a good starting repository for your search. We recommend to either use a specific repository for a certain topic (e.g. OpenScout for Management, LRE for school contents) or a federated repository which searches more than one source.
Check whether there are multi-lingual features (search, vocabulary, …).
Consider global repositories: http://globe-info.org
Consider domain / sectors specific repositories: http://lreforschools.eun.org/
http://learn.openscout.net
Browse those and validate their resources (see chapter on quality)
Can you search for your native language, can you search automatically for translated metadata? Can you get translated results?
Check if there are communities where you can seek support and collaboration.
Search
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SearchClearly state your requirements and needs: What are the main characteristics of your content besides the topic area – which is the age group, context (school, Higher Education, SME training, etc), instructional context. All these aspects can usually be specified in the search engines and make it more likely to find good results
Sample requirements attributes
Domain
Sector / level
Age group
Type of resource (ppt, simulation, pictures, assessment, …)
Learning outcomes / curriculum
Didactic approach
Topic
Rights
Author / institution
Quality (certification)
Cultural attributes!
Search
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Search: Culture ProfilesCulture Profile Instance (Nation / Region)
Culture Profile Instance (Group)
IMS LIP• Identification• Goals• Qualifications• Activities• …
Culture Profile Specification• General• Reference• Educational• Culture• Communication• …
E-Portfolio• Organizations• Identification• Resources • Products• …
Culture Profile Instance (Actor)• …• Experience 1: Study
Netherlands• Experience 2: Project
Korea• Native Culture:
Germany• …
Instantiation
RCDEO• Competency
description• Evidence• …
Presentation
Contains Product
Defined Culture Competencies
Contains Characteristic
Search
See also: Pawlowski, 2008
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SearchCheck the quality of a resource: Has the resource been reviewed by colleagues? Has it been certified or has it achieved good ranking from previous re-users?
Organizational Quality certifications– ISO 9000, ISO/IEC 19796-x– Accreditation
Individual recommendations
Rankings / ratings / recommendations – Do you get rankings from
similar users?– Trust?
Search
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SearchCheck the internationalization
requirements:
Are there national / regional concepts in the content?
Does the curriculum fit?
Is the resource appealing?
What are the differences between originating and target culture?
How can culture models be applied to the resource?
Content analysis
Specific concepts and practices and their cultural specific meanings (laws, business logic, behavior, norms, music, traditions, ….)
Language, language conventions, politeness, …
Knowledge in context (what is common knowledge, what is made explicit?)
Curriculum fit
Learning outcomes and didactics
Group work
Teacher roles
Localization– Dates, formats, numbers, units
User interface – pictures, navigation, shapes,
numbers, colors, …
Search
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14 Dimensions of Henderson (in the field of education / learning)
Epistemology: Objectivism – ConstructivismPedagogical Philosophy: Instructivist – ConstructivistUnderlying Psychology: Behavioral – CognitiveGoal Orientation: Sharply-focused – UnfocusedExperiential Value: Abstract – ConcreteTeacher Role: Didactic – FacilitativeProgram Flexibility: Teacher-Proof – Easily ModifiableValue of Errors: Errorless Learning – Learning from experienceMotivation: Extrinsic – IntrinsicAccommodation of Individual Differences: Non-Existent – Multi-FacetedLearner Control: Non-Existent – UnrestrictedUser Activity: Mathemagenic – GenerativeCooperative Learning: Unsupported – IntegralCultural Sensitivity: Non-Existent – Integral
See also: Edmundson (2007)
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EpistemologyObjectivism Constructivism
Knowledge is•comprehensive•structured •accurate•measured by tests
Knowledge is•Individually constructed •with multiple perspectives•‘measured’ by the ability to create learning strategies
The implication is that, once learners have learned about X learning units, they have mastered the topic.
Course allows participants to learn about X learning units, but then they are required to cite examples of how they could adapt the knowledge to accommodate each style.
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Pedagogical Philosophy Instructivist Constructivist
•stress goals and objectives •are founded in behavioral psychology
•encourage meta cognitive learning strategies•based on previous concepts or schema
Courses have clearly identified and measurable learning objectives, so participants know exactly when they have ‘learned’ the desired material
In the course participants are asked to relate the learned material to examples they have seen in their work or lives
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Underlying Psychology Behavioral Cognitive
•only ‘correct’ responses accepted•learners are allowed to build knowledge based on previous experience
Learners are expected to complete tasks exactly as ordered
Learners are allowed to integrate their experiences into learning
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Goal Orientation Sharply-focused Unfocused
•clearly defined, pre-set goals
•No pre-set goals
•Self set goals
If the learner knows the material, they have successfully achieved the goals
One activity in the course has participants reflecting on what they learned and how they learned it, then analyzing their own learning style based on what they discovered.
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Experiential Value Abstract Concrete
•Abstract•indicating ‘removed from reality’•“ignores” specific influence factors of the real world
•indicating relevance to the learner’s world•takes all influence factors into account
Learners are not expected to relate content to their past or potential experiences. Focus on models
Learners are encouraged to apply ‘knowledge’ to their activities at work
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Teacher Role Didactic Facilitative
•Teacher presents the knowledge•Focuses on lectures
•Teacher facilitates learning without controlling outcomes•Focuses on group works and assignments
The instructor of the course is the expert and all questions or concerns can be resolved by this expert
When students have questions or concerns that they could, with some help, resolve or discover answers on their own, the instructor helps them learn to find the solution themselves.
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Program Flexibility Teacher-Proof Easily Modifiable
•Course and learning activities are fixed•No Changes are possible
•Teacher accepts suggestions and errors•Program can be changed if necessary
The instructor contributes knowledge; it is up to the student to learn it. The teaching techniques would not be the cause of faulty learning.
The instructor recognizes his/her faulty instructional activity and modifies it to suit the learners
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Value of Errors Errorless Learning Learning from experiences
•Errors are not tolerated in any way•Students learn until either they generate no errors
•Errors are a part of the learning process•Errors will be analyzed to learn from them
Once students can consistently and errorless define and describe the content, they have ‘learned’.
If students make a mistake, they are offered another opportunity to learn by recognizing their error and then correcting it
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Motivation Extrinsic Intrinsic
•Motivation originates from factors separate from the learner •“the need to get the best grade”
•Motivation originates from within•“a true desire to learn”
Students are memorizing facts and definitions to pass the course.
Students are genuinely interested in learning new knowledge or skills and applying them to real life situations
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Accommodation of Individual Differences
Non-Existent Multi-Faceted
•Differences of individual learning style and strategies are not considered
•knowledge and learning presented in a variety of ways •learners can utilize what most suits their preferences
Only text reading and drill-and-practice are offered as course activities
Students can read text, watch online videos or analyze case studies in order to learn.
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Learner Control Non-Existent Unrestricted
•The learner must learn along a predetermined path•Learning activities and their order is fixed
•learn by discovery, which means the learner has unrestricted control of the path•The learner can control what to do when
The learners are sequentially mastering the content and will know when their learning is complete
The learners can chose the learning activities that appeal to them
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User Activity Mathemagenic Generative
•Learners have the opportunity to access the same content, but in different ways
Learners are engaged in the process of creating learning material
Learners access pre-set learning material.
Learners are allowed to expand upon other uses of knowledge and are asked to research an example
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Cooperative Learning Unsupported Integral
•Learners work independently of others•Individual work
•Learning is encourage through cooperative activities among learners•Group work
Each learner protects his or her knowledge, as success is determined by mastering the topic to the instructor’s satisfaction
The instructor provides activities which allow learners to exchange ideas and experiences, thus augmenting the information and skills learned
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Cultural Sensitivity Non-Existent Integral
•The cultural differences are completely ignored (even if unintentionally)
•The cultural differences are an integral part of the course and learning
The instructor assumes that all learners will learn equally by the way he/she teaches and by the activities presented.
The instructor or designer of the course attempts to keep images and examples free from stereo- types and uses internationally recognized symbols.
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Context Metadata (Pawlowski, Richter, 2007)
Culture
Companies
Rules, standards and
agreements
Human actors
Financial aspects Media richness
Internet security
Demographical development
Learner satisfaction
Religion
Geography & education
infrastructure
Technical infrastructure
Rights
History
Politics
State of development
Information & Knowledge
Systems
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SearchAsk colleagues and networks: It is promising also to ask experienced colleagues or search forums by fellow teachers as an example. In most cases, you easily find a colleague sharing good ideas and hints.
Search for relevant colleagues
Who do you trust in the field?
Identify communities, linkedin, facebook, xing etc
Create your networks for education sharing
Search
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Search: Collaboration network construction
Topic / ContextB
Topic / ContextA
First degree trusted network
Second degree trusted network
Efficient network organization is the key to successTools are needed to facilitate the processOpen Issues:– Factors?– Organization?– The right
network?
Search
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Usefulness: Parameters
ContentTopicContextTypeDidactical settingQuality…
PeopleProximity– Geographical– Cultural– Personal
Trustworthiness– Experiences– Recommendations– …
+
Search Search
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SearchFamiliarize yourself with some basic licenses: Most OER use a creative commons license which aims at providing a simple transparent scheme. In most cases, re-use is allowed when informing the author in non-commercial settings. However, the Creative Commons website for OER helps to clarify what your legal situation is and also provides a tool to build licenses for your needs.
Some CC licensing attributes
Use or modifications?
Commercial or non-commercial
Collaboration or acquisition ?
National or international?
Further publication or private use?
Search
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SearchSearch and try: Most repositories provide direct access to resources, so it might be useful just to try out a few resources and see how it fits your context.
Summarize the characteristics and estimate the adaptation effort– Comparison of requirements and characteristics– Adaptation options– Tools options– Time, efforts, cost…
Internationalization aspects– Cultural / business logic changes– Content change– Language aspects – Curricular / didactical changes– User interface changes
Search
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SearchMake your decision: You cannot use all resources but soon you will find resources and colleagues which are fitting your context.
Search
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Attribute Description 0 Comment Language English X Parts need to be translated
Topic Pythagoras theorem Age group 12-16 X Fit exactly
Method Interactive simulation, assisted by teacher
X Needs to be explained in detail for distance learning pupils
Quality Description Standards Curriculum fit Quality of contents Interactivity Media use Appropriateness of
methods Technical
requirements Technical
correctness Motivational
Culture Content Method Goal orientation Experiment value Teacher role Flexibility Value of errors Motivation Learner control User activity Cooperative
learning / group work
Communication Interface design
(characters, metaphors, numbers, colors)
Summary Summary of fitness
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AdaptationSmall involvement or more? As a first step, a strategic decision is needed – will you only re-use materials or do you see this as a potential for strategic collaboration. Simple re-use just requires downloading the resource and adapting some graphics (just like changing a powerpoint slide design). In some cases, you might find the materials as a good starting point, but you would add concepts and enrich / enhance the contents and share it again with the original author and a community – this can lead to dynamic content enhancements and – even more important – trusted communities.
Tools: Some materials are simpler to modify (web pages, wiki pages), some need more effort. The selection of good (and free) tools to make changes is essential for a good process.
Collaborate: It is always advisable to let the original author and potential colleagues know about your plans. By this, you can clarify the authors’ intentions but also initiate a longer cooperation. People who share their materials are in most cases more than willing to discuss and listen to your suggestions.
Adapt and try: Making your adaptations, bringing in new ideas, discussing improvements with colleagues. This is the main challenge of this phase. However, you should always try the result before publishing it again.
Adapt
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AdaptationSmall involvement or more? As a first step, a strategic decision is needed – will you only re-use materials or do you see this as a potential for strategic collaboration. Simple re-use just requires downloading the resource and adapting some graphics (just like changing a powerpoint slide design). In some cases, you might find the materials as a good starting point, but you would add concepts and enrich / enhance the contents and share it again with the original author and a community – this can lead to dynamic content enhancements and – even more important – trusted communities.
Strategy check
Estimate potentials
Check partnerships
Network development
Adapt
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AdaptationTools: Some materials are simpler to modify (web pages, wiki pages), some need more effort. The selection of good (and free) tools to make changes is essential for a good process.
Summarize requirements and functions needed
Content analysis
Translation / sub-titles
Learning Design
Packaging / metadata
Assessments
Graphics
Simulations
Collaboration
…
Some starting points
http://learn.openscout.net/tools.html
W3C: http://www.w3.org/International/ (technical aspects of internationalization and localization)
Adapt
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Adaptation: Sample Adapt
Content Adaptation need ToolSample how to apply Pythagoras theorem to measure distances
Use map from home town Exchange mapUse screen capture tool
Learning activity Adaptation need ActionsSpontaneous group work to measure distances
Use same age / gender groupEach group gets one mentor
Build groups beforehands, provide strong guidance
Language aspect Adaptation need ActionsEnglish as main language
Translate to Finnish Use subtitle tool for video lecturesTranslate cases (external agency)
UI Aspect Adaptation need ActionsBackground colors not appealingNavigation not intuitive
Change background colors and logoChange navigation structure from left to top navigation
For ppt: change master slideFor simulations: use simulation generatorRestructure navigation in coffeecup tool
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AdaptationCollaborate: It is always advisable to let the original author and potential colleagues know about your plans. By this, you can clarify the authors’ intentions but also initiate a longer cooperation. People who share their materials are in most cases more than willing to discuss and listen to your suggestions.
Adapt and try: Making your adaptations, bringing in new ideas, discussing improvements with colleagues. This is the main challenge of this phase. However, you should always try the result before publishing it again.
Adapt
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Share and exchangeRe-publish your results: If you have made changes, you should send your results back to the original author. However, consider whether your work could be interesting to other people in the community. It will generate a dynamic process which might give you even more ideas.
Discuss and share: What were the steps when you adapted the materials? Share your open educational practice and your experiences, it will help other colleagues who later help you with their experiences as well.
Build your network: It is an illusion that all educators around the world will cooperate and work together. However, it is quite important to build a successful network of colleagues who work in similar areas, who share your ideas and principles for education and who you would simply trust. In those networks, you easily get good recommendations and new ideas.
Share & Exchange
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Share and exchange Share & Exchange
Collaboration activity
Person / Organization Actions
Notification Author XYZ Notify author of usage intention
Resubmission LRE and own repository Resubmit with author’s permission
Further collaboration and development
Group A: Author XYZ, colleague X, teacher Y
Suggest small group for refining the resource
Feedback StudentsGroup A
Send feedback to group A
Experience sharing
Group A Provide improvement suggestions, provide good / bad cases
Next development goals
Group A Suggest improvement changes, develop work plan
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Conclusion
Step by step approach guides through the OER adaptation process
Key issues:– Internationalization aspects– Cultural aspects– Searching in the right places– Using the best tools– Validating the solution, determining the added
value
But: Many issues are still context-dependent, there is no one fits all-solution
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Agenda
12.45 – 14.00 Planning and initial adaptation of a course: Finding and Retrieving OER
Finding the appropriate resource
Validating its usefulness and potential
14.30 – 15.30 Adapting OER, Re-publishing OER
Finding appropriate tools: Authoring, translating, …
Republishing OER in repositories
15.30 – 16.00 Discussion of experiences
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Task
Creating a 2 hour blended learning course
Based on existing materials
See work sheets
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Task: Pythagoras theorem
Imagine the following situation: You are developing a new class for pupils in school in Mathematics. It is your task to prepare the lesson with a very short preparation time. Additionally, the lesson should be usable for blended learning and distance learning settings.
The lesson should introduce the Pythagoras theorem – pupils should understand the concept of right-angled triangles and should be able to apply them for selected settings.
For the first two lessons, you should prepare – A slide set introducing the topic– An experimental environment in which students can learn– An assessment to check whether the pupils have progressed in the topic.
http://descartes.cnice.mec.es/materiales_didacticos/Pytha_Theorem/index.htm
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Feedback
Please provide feedback:
Do you find OER an appropriate solution
Can you imagine to use OER with other origins than your home country?
What were the main problems to a) find, b) retrieve, c) re-author OER?
Who would you involve when working with OER (colleagues, contractors, learners, …)
Please comment on the workshop:
Was it useful for your context?
Were the contents appropriate? Why / why not?
Was the exercise realistic and useful?
Would you consider to continue in this topic?
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References
Blanchard E., Razaki R. & Frasson C. (2005): Cross-cultural adaptation of e-Learning contents: a methodology. Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, Chesapeake, Virginia.Edmundson, A. (2007): Globalized E-Learning, Cultural Challenges. Idea Group, U.S.; 2007.Richter, T., Pawlowski, J.M. (2007): The Need for Standardization of Context Metadata for e-Learning Environments, Proc. of e-ASEM Conference, Seoul, Korea, Oct. 2007. Pawlowski, J.M. (2008): Culture Profiles: Facilitating Global Learning and Knowledge Sharing, ICCE 2008, Taiwan, Nov. 2008. - Draft Version in PDF Format
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Contact us…
Prof. Dr. Jan M. [email protected]
GLIS on the web…
http://users.jyu.fi/~japawlow
NORDLET OpenScout
http://www.nordlet.org/ http://www.openscout.net