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Open & Close Class System
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Open System
It has few impediments of social mobility.
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• Social Positions are awarded on the basis of…
>merit>qualifications>rank
• Status depends on individual effort and intelligence. (achieved status)
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Example:
• The class system – people are ranked according to possession of economic resources, political power, social honor or prestige.
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• People having approximately equal income, education and occupational prestige belong to
the same class or strata.• But, it doesn’t mean that an open society is an
equal society.
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• It simply provides people with equal chance to succeed or equal opportunity to achieve different standards of living based on their talents, skills and contributions
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• The open class system provides for all forms of social mobility. A person
may go up or down the social ladder, or
may move horizontally , within his or her own social strata based on his
motivation, intelligence, effort
industry, freewill or sheer luck
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Closed or Caste System
• The system is based on ascribed status, that is, determined by…
>Birth>Family origin>Race>Creed>Color>Sex> And other ascribed
characteristics
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• Members in the close societies are locked in their parents’ social position.
• Individuals’ opportunities are limited accordingly.
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• Legal and religious sanctions are applied to those who attempt to cross them.
• It allows for horizontal social mobility, that is, movement within their particular stratum.
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Examples: Caste System &
South African Apartheid System• meaning separateness in
Afrikaans• was a system of legal racial
segregation enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994.
• Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times, but apartheid as an official policy was introduced following the general election of 1948.
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• New legislation classified inhabitants into racial groups (black, white, colored, and Indian), and residential areas were segregated by means of forced removals.
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• Apartheid sparked significant internal resistance. A series of popular uprisings and protests were met with the banning of opposition and imprisoning of anti-apartheid leaders. As unrest spread and became more violent, state organizations responded with increasing repression and state-sponsored violence.