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Oil
Black Gold!The
By
Shagufta Shaheen
For
Class – VII-VIII
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Discussion
• What is oil and gas?
• Where does it come from?
• Where is it found?
• How it transfer?
• Oil is used in other products.
• The main producers of oil.
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Some source-1
• Oil originates from the chemical such as hydrocarbons
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Some source-2as
animals and plants
• -Oil was a gift from nature.
• -It took millions of years to produce
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Some source-3as
animals and plants
Plant plankton
Animal plankton
• most of the world’s oil and gas is made up of the fossil remains
• of microscopic marine plants and animals. That’s why oil and
• gas are often referred to as a fossil fuel. One of the most
• important group of plankton involved in the formation of oil
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Some source-4as
Source Rock
A rock that has produced oil and
gas is known as a Source Rock
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Some source-5as
Black Shale
• Where ocean sediment contains more than 5%organic mush it eventually forms a rock known as a Black Shale.
• The black colour comes from the dark organic matter that it contains. As we will see, Black Shale is what makes oil and gas.
• The world’s main oil deposits all formed in warm shallow seas
• where plankton bloomed but bottom waters were deoxygenated
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Discovery and Creation-1 Oil Trap
Where oil and gas rises up into a dome (or anticline) capped by Impermeable rocks it can’t escape.
This is one type of an Oil Trap.
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Discovery and Creation-2as
reservoirs
The rising oil and gas
eventually gets trapped in pockets in the rock called reservoirs
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Discovery and Creation-3 Drilling the well
In order to extract the
oil from an oil field,
a large number of
wells are drilled
On an offshore rig is may
Cost $10,000for every meter
drilled. So if you are going to
drill a hole 5000 meters
underground it’s going to
cost you 20 million pounds/
25 million dollars.
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Discovery and Creation-4 Transport
Pipelines
Oil Tankers
Sea’s Oil Tankers
Trans Oil Tankers
All of them play an important role in distribution of oil.
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Discovery and Creation-5 Refinery
Oil refinery
Distillation Plant
• Crude oil must be refined before use.
• Hydrocarbons can be separated using distillation, which produces different fractions (or types) of oil and gas
Discovery and Creation-5 Refinery
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Oil is used as raw materialin other products
• 84% of crude oil is refined into fuel, principally for cars and planes
• It also produce LPG,
• bitumen for roads,
• kerosene,
• oil and lubricants for machinery,
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Oil is used as raw materialin other products
Dyes & nylon Cosmetics Dyes for food
Paints fertilizers Plastics
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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
The biggest producer is Saudi Arabia, but Iran, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Venezuela are also major suppliers
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a
group of 13 countries that produce 36% of the world’s oil, or
32 million barrels of oil per day.
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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
• (OECD) produces 24% of all oil, or 21 million barrels per day.
• The USA is the biggest single producer in OECD but Mexico,
• Canada and the UK are also major suppliers
• Outside OECD, the states of the former Soviet Union are also
• major producers supplying a further 15% of global output
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Demand
• In 2007, the global consumption of
oil was about 80 million barrels per days
• Every year, this rate of consumption is
rising by about 1.2 million barrels per day. • The single largest consumers of oil is the
USA,
which sucks up 24% of the total oil produced
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Oil production
• Many oil fields, countries, and oil companies have already peaked.
• 53 of 68 oil producing countries are in decline.
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Saudi saying:
“My father rode a camel.
I drive a car.
My son flies a jet airplane.
His son will ride a camel.”