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OHIO’S
CHANGIN
G
DEMOGRAPHIC
S AND
THEIR
IMPA
CT ON
TOW
NSHIPS
RE
GI O
NA
L I SM
AN
D R
EV
I TA
L I ZA
TI O
N
Alison D. Goebel, PhDAssociate DirectorGreater Ohio Policy Center
June 5, 2015
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ABOUT GREATER OHIO POLICY CENTER
An outcome-oriented statewide non-profit that champions revitalization and sustainable redevelopment in Ohio:
• Revitalize Ohio’s urban cores and metropolitan regions
• Achieve sustainable land reuse and economic growth
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ABOUT GREATER OHIO POLICY CENTER: SUBJECT AREA EXPERTISE
Urban regenerationSustainably revitalize urban cores and neighborhoodsTransportation & infrastructure modernizationDevelop improved & modern infrastructureRegional growthPromote regional economic development & collaborative governance structures
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ABOUT GREATER OHIO POLICY CENTER: HOW WE DO OUR WORK
• Develop and publish research
• Use research to advocate for practical policy solutions at the state level
• Assist communities through strategic assistance and dissemination of best practices
• Build collaborative partnerships to extend our reach and ability to impact change
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SNAPSHOT
OF OHIO
’S
DEMOGRAPHIC
S:
CURRENT AND F
UTURE
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The Challenges Facing Ohio’s Communities
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OHIO’S POPULATION GROWTH HAS SLOWED SIGNIFICANTLY SINCE 1970S
Exhibit 1-1. Total Population, 1910-201414,000,000
12,000,000
11,594,163
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
01910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
2014Year
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Censuses and 2014 State Total Population Estimates
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OHIO’S PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH FOR NEXT 25 YEARS IS MINIMAL
2015-2040: Population growth
Ohio: expected to grow 0.04% per year (bringing state’s total population to ~11,678,970 by 2040)
• Ohio 2014 population: 11,594,163
United States: expected to grow 0.69% per year (adding nearly 60 million people to the populace)
• US 2014 population: 318,857,056
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OHIO IS AGING; OLDER COUNTIES ARE NOT EXPECTING YOUNGER COHORTS TO REPLACE AGING RESIDENTS2015: population age 55+ Projected overall population
growth 2015-2040
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OHIOANS IN HOUSEHOLDS EARNING LESS THAN 120% AREA MEDIAN INCOME (2014): NOT JUST AN URBAN CHALLENGE
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OHIO’S UNEMPLOYMENT RATES (2014): RURAL OHIO FACING GREATER CHALLENGES
Statewide unemployment rate in 2014: 5.7%
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LAND CONSUMPTION IN OHIO HAS OUTPACED POPULATION GROWTH
• Ohio is 8th in land conversion but only 45th in population growth, nationally
• Ohio’s rate of development of acres outpaced its population growth by almost 6 times in last thirty years
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COUNTY POPULATION CHANGE OUTSIDE CENTRAL CITY, 1950-2010
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
SummitStarkHamiltonCuyahogaFranklinMontgomeryLucasYoungstown
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POPULATION INCREASE IN EX-URBAN COUNTIES, BUT NOT UNIFORMLY ACROSS STATE
Darker blue=most population growth
Darkest red=greatest loss of population
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AS POPULATIONS SHIFT AROUND THE METRO, HOUSING IS LEFT VACANT, RAISING LIKELIHOOD OF BLIGHT, MAKING IT THAT MUCH HARDER TO MAINTAIN AN ATTRACTIVE, COMPETITIVE COMMUNITY
Note: Ottawa Co. in NW Ohio has high rates of vacancy due to number vacation homes that are used only part of the year
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CHALLENGES WITH POPULATION STAGNATION AND AGING COMMUNITIES
1. Physical decline—blighted houses, shuttered businesses, outdated commercial and industrial facilities
2. Rising Legacy Costs and Declining Tax Base
• Ohio will need over $25 billion to maintain and upgrade aging water infrastructure over the next 20 years.
• Tax base shrinking with population loss.
3. Persistent Poverty and Inequity
• Neighborhoods in decline are disproportionately affecting low income populations
• Remaining economic/racial disparities that bring down the rest of the region
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GOPC’S STATE POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Create a loan program that links small business lending with neighborhood improvement efforts
2. Develop programming the connects entrepreneurs with vacant commercial buildings
3. Establish innovative financing programs that support infrastructure modernization and fund brownfield redevelopment
4. Align ODOT administrative regions with state business growth efforts to improve economic development strategies
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The Opportunities Facing Ohio’s Communities
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OHIO IS BECOMING MORE RACIALLY/ETHNICALLY DIVERSE: THIS IS A GOOD TREND
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OHIO’S MILLENNIALS (AGES 25-34)
The Millennials (those aged 25-34) are the largest age cohort, nationally.
• In Ohio they made up 13% of 2013 state population, still smaller than 45-54 age cohort
Under 5 years6%
5 to 9 years6%
10 to 14 years7%
15 to 19 years7%
20 to 24 years7%
25 to 34 years12%
35 to 44 years12%
45 to 54 years14%
55 to 59 years7%
60 to 64 years6%
65 to 74 years8%
75 to 84 years5%
85 years and over2%
Ohio 2013 pop distribution
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OHIO’S MILLENNIALS (AGES 25-34)
91% of Ohio’s millennials with college degrees live in the state’s 8 largest metros
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STRAT
EGIES F
OR
SUPPORT
ING E
XISTI
NG
POPU
LATI
ONS AND
ATTR
ACTING A
ND
RETAIN
ING N
EW
RESIDENTS
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Ohio: A State of Regions.
Local prosperity rides on regional fortunes.
ECONOMIC
DEVELO
PMEN
T
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OHIO’S METROS ARE THE ECONOMIC DRIVERS OF OUR STATE AND THE KEY ENGINES TO OUR ECONOMY ARE OUR URBAN CORES
1. Toledo2. Sandusky3. Cleveland
ElyriaLorain
4. Akron5. Warren
Youngstown6. Lima7. Mansfield8. Canton9. Steubenville
10. Dayton Piqua11. Springfield12. Columbus Lancaster Newark13. East Liverpool14. Cincinnati Hamilton Middletown15. Ironton16. Marietta
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THE VAST MAJORITY OF OHIOANS LIVE IN A METRO
Almost every single Ohioan lives within an hour’s drive of an urbanized area.
Clockwise: Piqua; Mansfield; Cincinnati
81% of all Ohioans live in 1 of 16 metro regions
Ohio’s 16 metro regions hold 84% of the state’s jobs
Ohio’s 16 metro regions produce 87% of the state’s GDP
Half of the state’s population lives within 10 miles of an urban core.
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OHIO’S MAJOR URBAN COUNTIES CONTAIN THE JOBS THAT EMPLOY THE METRO REGION
Green=“inflow of workers” (i.e. county receives workers commuting from another county)
Blue=“outflow of workers” (i.e. residents leave county for their job)
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WHY REGIONS MATTER FOR ECONOMIC REGROWTH
• Municipalities, suburbs, and townships and their regions are economically interdependent
• Regional development and regional attraction will be the only way to economically thrive, in the long term
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Cleveland
Akron
Canton
Youngstown
Lorain Northeast OHIO: five legacy citiesembedded in a single region ofover 5,000 mi2
REGIONAL INITIATIVES: LONG TERM ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
Urban centers, suburbs, and rural townships are embedded in larger economic regions, which is how other areas of the country are succeeding
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REGIONAL INITIATIVES: COMMUNITY SUSTAINABILITY
Central Ohio’s insight2050
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INTERGOVERNMENTAL COLLABORATION & COOPERATION IS CRITICAL
Local Governme
nt
Metropolitan Planning Organizatio
ns
Education Service Centers
County Engineer
s
County Executive or
County Commissione
rs
Major cities
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COLLABORATION, COOPERATION, AND SELECTIVE CONSOLIDATION LEADS TO:
Economies of scale
Improved local
government accountability
Equalization of service
quantity and quality
Coordinated economic
competitiveness
Ability to retain local community
character and flavor
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REGIONAL UPSHOT
Looking beyond jurisdictional boundaries allows communities to maximize resources and identify new markets
Multi-faceted public/private partnerships are capable of driving sustained regeneration, on a regional basis
Effective ties between cities and their regions to foster stronger economic growth for both
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Maintaining and creating attractive communities in which people want to live
COMMUNITY
DEVEL
OPMEN
T
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OPPORTUNITIES TO LEVERAGE AND ATTRACT RESIDENTS IN KEY DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
Nationally, the market is seeking walking able neighborhoods that are denser and are mixed-use.
Millennials and Baby Boomers are returning to cities and older suburbs.
Baby boomer, as they age, may have fewer options and lower desire to live in ex-urban areas as driving becomes untenable for some
Immigrants, significant contributors to population growth and economic regeneration, are less interested in suburban-style communities
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STRATEGIES THAT ARE MAKING AN IMPACT
1. Target resources in viable neighborhoods, especially neighborhoods facing economic challenges but that can “tip back” to health
2. Focus on rebuilding the downtown or core of community
3. Leverage economic assets to build competitive advantages
4. Repurpose vacant land and buildings for new uses
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ASSETS TO LEVERAGE IN OLDER COMMUNITIES
• Great “bones” – historic buildings, cultural assets, eds and meds, existing infrastructure
• Lifestyle and affordability • Inherent walkability – “streetcar
suburbs”• Sense of Community • Excess land ripe for redevelopment
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THE MARKET IS DESIRING WALKABLE NEIGHBORHOODS AND THEY ARE COST EFFECTIVE!
Walkable neighborhoods with transportation options save money and resources
Downtown Mansfield, Mansfield Ohiofrom http://www.hivelocitymedia.com/cities/Mansfield/
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WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable Development: is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
In Ohio this means building urban, suburban and rural communities with housing and transportation choices near jobs, shops and schools.
More compact development puts existing capacity to work, lowers infrastructure costs per capita, and helps ensure infrastructure is maintained before repairs get expensive.
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SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IS COST EFFECTIVE
In general, sustainable growth development costs one-third less for upfront infrastructure, such as: new construction of roads, sewers, and water lines.
Source: “Building Better Budgets: A National Examination of the Fiscal Benefits of Smart Growth Development,” Smart Growth America, May 2013
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SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IS COST EFFECTIVE
Sustainable growth development saves taxpayers an average of 10 percent on ongoing delivery of services,
such as police, ambulance, and fire service costs, by reducing distances service vehicles must drive.
Source: “Building Better Budgets: A National Examination of the Fiscal Benefits of Smart Growth Development,” Smart Growth America, May 2013
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CRITICAL NEXT STRATEGIES: STRATEGIC INCREMENTALISM FOR OHIO’S COMMUNITIES
• Requires a coherent vision of the future. Clear long-term goals grounded in small, but achievable steps
• Small, medium, and large sized cities and communities have unique assets that appeal to new generations
• Be creative in identifying assets in your community and leverage them
• Set clear long-term goals and identify small, achievable steps to get you there
• Look beyond jurisdictional boundaries maximize resources and identify new markets
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Progress – big picture
Pockets of success Building on physical
assets Downtown
repopulation New urban forms Private sector
investment
Challenges Connecting the pockets Retaining a middle class Racial/economic
disparities Vacancy and
abandonment Regional decline Aging infrastructure Small, medium-sized cities Political divide Workforce
retraining/training
POSITIONING OHIO’S COMMUNITIES FOR FUTURE GROWTH: MIXED PICTURE
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STATE POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
• Create the Service Station Clean-Up fund that will provide grants to communities to remediate abandoned gas stations (in current state budget proposal)
• Implement a statewide Safe Streets policy to ensure safety of all users and encourage economic development
• Increase state funding and federal funds flexed for transit
• Improve communities’ ability to revitalize vacant and abandoned buildings
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GOPC RESEARCH TO BE RELEASED
• Study of Opportunity neighborhoods in Ohio
• Analysis of what gives some small and medium-sized cities their competitive edge
• Commercial vacant property webinars June, July, August, September
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QUESTIONS?
Alison D. Goebel, PhD
Associate Director
Greater Ohio Policy Center
[email protected]@alisongoebelOH
www.greaterohio.org614-224-0187