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5- Z`n Bmg|anjln ge Lguntmhnmz Hfmfznt cmj @fl`Tcmbfml [gafon Oghhcmjnt
Ogmontmfml z`n ^n ge Afun Chh~mfzfgm cmj _mf{nt
[tfhn Hfmfznt N`~j Dctcb! Hfmfznt ge Fmzntmca _no~tfzv _`aghg Dnm Chf! cmj [gafon
Oghhffgmnt Vn`~jc Ufab oacfhnj fm z`nft znzfhgmfn dnegtn z`n Oghhffgm z`cz z`nv
|ntn ~mc|ctn ge z`n ~n ge afun chh~mfzfgm cmj mf{nt clcfmz jnhgmztczgt dv z`n{gafon! ~mzfa z`n Oghhffgm {tgonnjfml `cj dnl~m-45
Z`n ~n ge mf{nt zggb {acon c nctav c 46 _n{znhdnt 4;;; fm caCsc Hgs~n ogh{g~mj!|fz` z`n tnca zfhn bmg|anjln ge z`n [gafon Oghhffgmnt cmj z`n Hfmfznt ge Fmzntmca
_no~tfzv- Fm cjjfzfgm! z`n Bnnh @cHcmlfmc gtjnt! jfo~nj cdgun! {nofefocaav
fmoa~jnj z`n ~n ge mf{nt2 z`f {acm |c fh{anhnmznj fm Gozgdnt 4;;;- Mgz gmav jfj z`n{gafon ecfa zg ogmj~oz fmzntmca fms~ftfn tnlctjfml z`n oc~n ge jnhgmztczgt jncz` cmj
fmi~tfn! d~z z`nv cag ogmoa~jnj fm z`nft nuca~czfgm tn{gtz z`cz z`n ~n ge mf{nt |c
neenozfun j~n zg fz jnznttnmz neenoz gm {tgznzgt- C mgznj! z`f cnhnmz |c {tnnmznjcz c ogmentnmon ge {gafon oghhcmjnt gm 0 Mgunhdnt 4;;;! czznmjnj dgz` dv z`n [gafon
Oghhffgmnt cmj z`n Hfmfznt ge Fmzntmca _no~tfzv-
Fm cjjfzfgm! gm 4 Gozgdnt 4;;;! Vgne Hnachnj! c nmfgt no~tfzv cjufgt zg z`n Hfmfznt
ge Fmzntmca _no~tfzv! |c c|ctn ge z`n ~n ge afun chh~mfzfgm cmj t~ddnt d~aanz dv
{gafon clcfmz {tgznzgt- Hnachnj bmg|anjln ge z`nn cozfgm ocm dn oanctav jnj~onjetgh zcznhnmz z`cz `n hcjn fm c anzznt nmz zg z`n Mgtz`ntm Jfztfoz [gafon G{ntczfgm
Oghhcmjnt! Jgu A~zybv- Fm z`n anzznt! Hnachnj cb9 Ocm vg~ cv z`cz afun chh~mfzfgm
cmj t~ddnt d~aanz |ntn ~nj j~n zg acob ge chh~mfzfgm7 --- [gafon @ncjs~ctznt tn{gtz
zczn z`cz z`ntn |c ~eefofnmz Caec chh~mfzfgm---4>:0>5 (znzfhgmv ge Tgmf Cznaac! Oghhcmjnt ge z`n Cbbc [gafon _zczfgm! 4 C~l~z4;;3& (Gm efan |fz` Cjcac`! @ndtn|&-
OGMOA^JFML CTL^HNMZ_
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J~tfml z`n {ntfgj ge z`n hfafzctv lguntmhnmz! Ctcd |`g jfj mgz ogh{av
|fz` z`n geefofca {gafov gt jfj mgz ogg{ntczn |fz` z`n hfafzctv lguntmhnmz
c~z`gtfzfn |ntn dacobafznj! cmj Ctcd fmznaanoz~ca |`g g~l`z c znco`fml
igd gt {tghgzfgm hcjn nuntv neegtz mgz zg dn fmoa~jnj fm z`n dacobafz --- Z`n
hfafzctv lguntmhnmz cag ~nj fmjftnoz hncm zg jnca |fz` Ctcd znco`nt
jnotfdnj c ~duntfun- Z`f |c z`tg~l` ogmztga ge {nthfz z`cz nuntv znco`nt
`cj zg lnz fm gtjnt zg dn caag|nj zg zcv fm z`n agocafzv |`ntn `n zc~l`z fe `n
|c mgz c agoca tnfjnmz-
Hfafzctv t~an |c fh{gnj gm z`n Ctcd hfmgtfzv jftnozav egaag|fml z`n 36:0 \ct! j~tfml|`fo` z`n [canzfmfcm {ng{an agz z`nft `ghnacmj! c c tn~az ge hfafzctv cozfgm dv z`n
Yfgmfz egton fm [canzfmn- Tc`fj B`cafjf nh{`cfynj z`n fh{coz ge z`n ag gm [canzfmfcm
gofnzv! {nofefocaav fm afl`z ge fz ztcjfzfgmca cmj nhfztcjfzfgmca o`ctcoznt9?5
Lfunm z`n onmztcafzv ge czzco`hnmz zg {acon o`ctcozntfzfo mgz gmav ge
[canzfmfcm! d~z cag ge gz`nt fm ztcjfzfgmca cmj nhf ztcjfzfgmca gofnzfn! fz
ocm dn fhclfmnj `g| {g|nte~a cm fh{coz z`nn nunmz h~z `cun `cj9 dv z`n
nmj ge z`n {tgon ge jf{gnfgm fm 36:6! hgtn z`cm eg~t `~mjtnj ofzfn!zg|m cmj ufaacln fm Lcafann! z`n ogczca tnlfgm! z`n ctnc dnz|nnm Iceec cmj
Int~canh! cmj z`n g~z` ge z`n og~mztv `cj dnnm jn{g{~acznj! fmogt{gtcznj
fmzg Ftcna cmj nzzanj |fz` Ftcnaf! cmj hgz ge z`nft Ctcd fm`cdfzcmz |ntn
jf{ntnj z`tg~l`g~z z`n tnlfgm c tne~lnn-
Hg`n Jcvcm jnotfdnj z`n ecoz ge z`nn ztc~hczfo nunmz untv |naa fm cm cjjtn z`cz `n
lcun dnegtn z~jnmz cz z`n Zno`mfgm Ftcna Fmzfz~zn ge Zno`mgaglv gm 36 Hcto` 36569?Hcifj Ca@ci!Nj~oczfgm! Nh{g|nthnmz! cmj Ogmztga(Cadcmv9 _zczn ^mfuntfzv ge Mn| Vgtb [tn! 366>& cz 35
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Hc`a~a2 Lfucz fm z`n {acon ge Ifdzc2 _ctfj fm z`n {acon ge @~mnfef2 cmj Bnect
Vn`~`~c fm z`n {acon ge Zca ca_`~hcm- Z`ntn f mgz gmn fmlan {acon d~faz
fm z`f og~mztv z`cz |c mgz nzcdaf`nj gm z`n chn {acon c c egthnt Ctcd
ufaacln-
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t~an goo~ttnj gm 46 Gozgdnt 36>5! |`nm Ftcnaf no~tfzv egton `gz zg jncz` :6 {ng{an
etgh B~et Scnh |`g |ntn tnz~tmfml zg z`nft ufaacln etgh |gtb- Z`nn fmjfufj~ca jfjmgz bmg| z`cz c {nofca! nctav mfl`z o~ten| `cj dnnm fh{gnj gm z`n ufaacln dv z`nn chn
egton- Cz z`n zfhn! z`n Dnm L~tfgm lguntmhnmz czznh{znj zg ogunt ~{ z`n ecoz ge z`n
hccotn z`cz zggb {acon fm B~et Scnh-?0
Z`ntn f c jftnoz ogmmnozfgm dnz|nnm |`cz c{{nmnj fm 36:0 cmj z`n hfafzctv t~an fh{gnj
gm z`n Ctcd hfmgtfzv fhhnjfcznav z`ntnceznt! cmj z`n ogmon{z ge ofzfynm`f{ egt Ctcd fm
Ftcna- Z`n vnct ge z`n hfafzctv tnlfhn |ntn egthczfun egt z`n tnaczfgm`f{ dnz|nnm z`nzczn cmj z`n mczfgmca hfmgtfzv- Z`f tnaczfgm`f{ |c mgz dcnj gm ofzfynm`f{ zcz~ d~z gm
gmn mczfgmca ltg~{ g{{tnfgm ge cmgz`nt mczfgmca ltg~{- Jn{fzn z`n ecoz z`cz z`n Ctcdhfmgtfzv fm Ftcna ~oonnjnj fm |fjnmfml z`tg~l` zt~llan z`n afhfznj {con ge ofzfynm`f{
fm |`fo` fz g{ntcznj! z`n zczn zfaa {ntonfun z`f oghh~mfzv c cm gdinoz ge ogmztga- Z`n
Ctcd hfmgtfzv fm Ftcna `c zg cdfjn dv z`n t~an ge z`n lchn nz dv c zczn z`cz ltcmz fz! czdnz! gmav c hctlfmca zcz~-
4- Acmj [acmmfml [gafov
Z`n {gafov ge ogmztga o~ttnmzav fm {acon clcfmz z`n Ctcd hfmgtfzv f cag fh{anhnmznj
dv z`n zczn z`tg~l` z`n ~n ge s~cflguntmhnmzca acmj {acmmfml cmj jnunag{hnmzfmzfz~zfgm- Z`f {gafov ntun gmn oghh~mfzv z`n In|f` hcigtfzv fm Ftcna- Z`n {acmmfml
cmj jnunag{hnmz mnnj ge z`n [canzfmfcm hfmgtfzv fm Ftcna ctn mgz cjjtnnj dv z`n zczn
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ogmfjntnj zg dn cm gdzcoan z`cz h~z dn guntoghn-
Z`n zczn g{{tnfun acmj {gafofn ctn ~{{nthgz fm z`n hfmj ge z`n Ctcd hfmgtfzv- Z`fg{{tnfgm f gmn ge z`n nanhnmz z`cz `cun ogmzt~oznj z`n fjnmzfzv ge [canzfmfcm ofzfynm
ge z`n zczn- Fm `f znzfhgmv dnegtn z`n Oghhffgm gm 5 C~l~z 4;;4! [tgengt McjfhTg~`cmc ctl~nj z`cz z`n Ftcnaf lguntmhnmz {gafofn ge c{{tg{tfczfml [canzfmfcmg|mnj
acmj cmj tnnzzafml z`n g|mnt nan|`ntn `cun dnnm z`n {tfmof{ca ogmztfd~zgt zg hcbfml
acmj cm nnmzfca ogh{gmnmz ge [canzfmfcm fjnmzfzv- C ~o`! cmv z`tncz zg [canzfmfcmacmj f {ntonfunj c c z`tncz zg z`n [canzfmfcm mczfgmca fjnmzfzv c |`gan- Faa~ztczfml
?0_nn T~ufb Tgnmz`ca! \`g Bfaanj Eczhc _ct~t fmB~et Scnh9 Nunmz cmj Hvz`! nj- T~ufb Tgnmz`ca (Zna Cufu9 @c
Bfdd~zy @chn~o`cj! 4;;;& cz 3: (@ndtn|&-
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[canzfmfcm tn{gmn zg ~o` z`tncz! [tgengt Tg~`cmc tnenttnj zg acmjtnacznj {tgznzjnhgmztczfgm ~o` c Acmj Jcv (36. ge z`n zgzca acmj fm z`n zczn- Z`n ctnc ge h~mfof{ca i~tfjfozfgm egt Ctcd h~mfof{cafzfn ogunt 4->. ge z`n zgzca ctnc
ge z`n zczn-
Cdg~z gmn`cae ge {tfuczn acmj g|mnj dv Ctcd ofzfynm ge Ftcna |ntn ogmefocznj dv
z`n zczn-
Acmj caagoczfgm egt {~dafo {~t{gn fm caa ge z`n Ctcd zg|m cmj ufaacln f ~mjnt z`n
hfmfh~h mczfgmca zcmjctj-
Ctcd ofzfynm ctn {tcozfocaav dagobnj etgh {~to`cfml gt ancfml acmj fm cdg~z 0;. ge
z`n ctnc ge z`n zczn-
Z`n Ctcd {g{~aczfgm `c fmotncnj fpegaj fmon 36:0! d~z cz z`n chn zfhn! z`n acmj~mjnt fz ogmztga c `t~mb- _fmon fz nzcdaf`hnmz! z`n zczn c mgz caag|nj z`n Ctcd
hfmgtfzv zg nzcdaf` mn| zg|m-
Znm ge gaj Ctcd ufaacln ctn ~mtnoglmfynj cmj z`n zczn f ztvfml zg nuco~czn z`nh-
?- _gofca cmj Nogmghfo Jfotfhfmczfgm
Cmgz`nt jnn{tggznj tncgm egt z`n Gozgdnt 4;;; {tgznz jnhgmztczfgm f z`n ltcun gofgnogmghfo ogmjfzfgm ge z`n Ctcd hfmgtfzv! |`fo` znh etgh ~oonfun Ftcnaf lguntmhnmz
jfotfhfmczgtv {gafofn clcfmz z`nh- Z`nn {gafofn fmoa~jn z`n acob ge fmunzhnmz fmCtcd ufaacln cmj zg|m cmj z`nft cdnmon etgh z`n mczfgmca {tfgtfzv afz cmj etgh mnctavcmv {acm cfhnj cz cfzfml |ncb {g{~aczfgm |fz` {ggt gofgnogmghfo o`ctcozntfzfo-
Z`n {tg{gtzfgm ge Ctcd ofzfynm fm z`n ag|nz gofgnogmghfo ztczc ge Ftcnaf gofnzv ect
nponnj z`nft {tg{gtzfgm fm z`n lnmntca {g{~aczfgm-
?6Np{ntz G{fmfgm! [tgengt Gtnm Vfezco`na! Z`n Acmj S~nzfgm cmj z`n Jnunag{hnmz ge Tnaczfgm dnz|nnm z`n Ctcd
Hfmgtfzv cmj z`n _zczn ge Ftcna! Mgunhdnt 4;;3 (Gm efan |fz` Cjcac`! @ndtn|&-
TNC_GM_ EGT Z@N GOZGDNT 4;;; [TGZN_Z JNHGM_ZTCZFGM_
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Egt npch{an! Ctcd o`fajtnm fm Ftcna ~eent etgh ltncz {guntzv! |`fo` f c jftnoz tn~az gezczn {gafofn ge jfotfhfmczfgm cmj npoa~fgm npntofnj clcfmz z`n Ctcd hfmgtfzv- Z`n
{guntzv anuna chgml Ctcd o`fajtnm f ogmfjntcdav `fl`nt z`cm z`n cuntcln {guntzv anuna
chgml Ftcnaf o`fajtnm fm lnmntca! cmj fmotncnj j~tfml z`n {ntfgj ge 3660 4;;;-
[guntzv fm Ftcna! 3660 4;;; :;
In|fs`
O`fajtnm
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ge o`fajtnm
Vnct
35-3.:4-6.43-0.3660
3.>3-:.4:-6.3666
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^mnh{agvhnmz jczc egt 36604;;; ogmfznmzav `g|nj lc{ dnz|nnm In|f` cmj Ctcdofzfynm ge z`n zczn- Coogtjfml zg z`n Onmztca D~tnc~ ge _zczfzfo (OD_& Acdgt Egton_~tunv egt 3660 cmj 3666! z`n ~mnh{agvhnmz tczn egt In|f` Ftcnaf |c 0-?5. cmj
0-5:.! tn{nozfunav! c ogh{ctnj zg 3;->5. cmj 33-;4. egt Ctcd ofzfynm ge Ftcna- :3
Coogtjfml zg z`n OD_ _zczfzfoca Vnctdggb 4;;4! z`n lc{ fm ~mnh{agvhnmz tczn egt 4;;;ltn| zg 0->. egt In|f` Ftcnaf! c ogh{ctnj zg 33-:. egt gz`nt tnaflfgm-
Hgtn jnzcfanj jczc (~mcucfacdan egt z`n {ntfgj 36604;;;& {~daf`nj dv z`n Acdgt Geefon
ge z`n Hfmfztv ge Acdgt cmj _gofca Ceecft fm C~l~z 4;;4! `g| z`cz z`n 4: zg|m |fz`
z`n `fl`nz tczn ge ~mnh{agvhnmz fm z`n og~mztv ctn Ctcd zg|m- ^mnh{agvhnmz tczn fmz`nn zg|m tcmln etgh 3.! |`ntnc fz zggj cz 3?->. egt Ctcd ofzfynm ge Ftcna-
Ctcd ofzfynm ge Ftcna cag tnonfun z`n ag|nz |cln ge caa ltg~{ fm z`n og~mztv- Coogtjfmlzg tnncto` ogmj~oznj dv z`n CJUC Onmznt! fm Ctcd zg|m fm Ftcna j~tfml z`n 366?3666
{ntfgj! z`n cuntcln |cln |c 56. ge z`n mczfgmca cuntcln |cln- Z`n o`ctz dnag| faa~ztczn
z`n |cln lc{9:4
\ncaz`vIn|fs`
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FF- Z@N FAANLCAFZV GE Z@N \CTMFML_
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z`~! jfj mgz jnofjn z`n ocn gm z`n hntfz-:? Z`ntnegtn! Cjcac` tcfnj z`nn f~n clcfm fm
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_`nfb` Tcnj _cac` ctn faanlca egt z`n tncgm z`cz egaag|-
Z`n Hcmjczn ge z`n Oghhffgm _`g~aj Fmoa~jn Gmav z`n Npno~zfun Dtcmo`
Z`n fmoa~fgm ge z`n f~n ge fmofznhnmz |fz`fm z`n hcmjczn ge z`n Oghhffgm ufgacznz`n Oghhffgm ge Fms~ftv Ac| (3650& cmj ogmztcjfoz np{ntfnmon ge {cz oghhffgm-
Coogtjfml zg Ftcnaf ac|! z`n {~t{gn ge nzcdaf`fml c oghhffgm ge fms~ftv f zg
fmunzflczn npno~zfun dtcmo` c~z`gtfzfn fm ocn fm |`fo` z`nft coz cmj'gt ghffgm anjzg c ag ge {~dafo zt~z- Z`f f jfeentnmz etgh fmunzflczfml z`n ogmj~oz ge ofzfynm! |`g
ctn ~dgtjfmczn zg gz`nt zczn c~z`gtfzfn- Z`n ucz hcigtfzv ge {cz oghhffgm ge fms~ftv
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cjns~cznav {tgznoz `fh- Fz jfj mgz fmunzflczn fmofznhnmz dv nzzant clcfmz Tcdfm {tfgt zg`f ccfmczfgm-
Fmunzflczfml z`n F~n ge Fmofznhnmz fm c Jfotfhfmczgtv Hcmmnt cmj Jftnlctjfml
_`ctgm Uffz zg caCsc Hgs~n Ogh{g~mj
Z`n Oghhffgm ogmfjntnj z`n f~n ge fmofznhnmz gmav fm tnaczfgm zg z`n cozfgm ge z`n
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cz z`cz zfhn- In|f` tfgznt dagobnj ztnnz! d~tmnj zftn! z`tn| zgmn cz {gafon geefont!
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Caz`g~l` z`n Oghhffgm |c hcmjcznj zg npchfmn nunmz dnlfmmfml gm 46 _n{znhdnt4;;;! fz o`ctlnj z`n Ctcd {~dafo tn{tnnmzczfun |fz` ~{{gtzfml ufganmon zg co`fnun
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z`n zfhn {ntfgj oguntnj dv z`n Oghhffgm hcmjczn-
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Oghhffgm- _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` f c tnaflfg~! gofca! cmj {gafzfoca ancjnt! |`g `c cag
dnnm z`n ufozfh ge zczn ufganmon- @n tn{tnnmz z`n ~eentfml cmj ctzfo~aczn z n {tgznz ge`f oghh~mfzv-
fu- Afdntczfgm ge caCsc Hgs~n
Z`n Oghhffgm caanln z`cz _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` ogmunvnj hncln nmog~tclfml z`n
~n ge ufganmon fm gtjnt zg afdntczn caCsc hgs~n- Z`n {gfzfgm ge _`nfb` Tcnj _cac`cmj z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz ctn oanct9 Z`nv ocznlgtfocaav g{{gn z`n ~n ge ufganmon fm gtjnt
zg co`fnun cmv lgca! fmoa~jfml z`n afdntczfgm ge caCsc hgs~n-
_`nfb` Tcnj _cac` znzfefnj dnegtn z`n Oghhffgm z cz `n dnafnun z`cz caCschgs~n f z`tncznmnj |fz` ufganmon- Z`f f nufjnmz dv z`n ufganmon ge z`n Ftcnaf goo~{czfgm
cmj Ftcnaf gajfnt gm c jcfav dcf- Fz f cag hcmfenznj fm Ftcna jnmfca ge z`n tfl`z ge|gt`f{{nt zg {tcv fm z`n hgs~n! dtncbfm cz z`n hgs~n! cmj z`n bfaafml cmj fmi~tfml
ge {ng{an |fz`fm z`n hgs~n ogh{g~mj fm 366;! 3665! cmj gm z`n jcv ceznt _`ctgm uffz
fm _n{znhdnt 4;;;- Fm `f znzfhgmv! _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` jfo~nj z`n gdaflczfgm zg ocaaegt z`n afdntczfgm ge caCsc hgs~n! fmoa~jfml z`n tnaflfg~ j~zv zg tnancn fz etgh z`n
|tgmljgfml oc~nj zg fz dv z`n c~z`gtfzfn cmj z`n goo~{czfgm-
Z`n ocaa zg afdntczn caCsc f c tnaflfg~ j~zv! |`fo` _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` dnafnun
fm |`gan`nctznjav- @n jgn mgz ocaa egt z`n ~n ge ufganmon fm gtjnt zg afdntczn caCsc
hgs~n! vnz! cz z`n chn zfhn! `n f ~m|faafml zg tnafms~f` `f tfl`z zg {tgznz clcfmzz`n goo~{czfgm ge z`n fzn2 fm gz`nt |gtj! zg ocaa egt z`n tnancn ge z`n hgs~n etgh z`n
~mac|e~a cmj ufganmz ogmztga zg |`fo` fz f ~dinoznj-
_`nfb` Tcnj _cac` {gfzfgm tnlctjfml z`n zcz~ ge caCsc hgs~n ogh{g~mj
c goo~{fnj znttfzgtv znh mgz gmav etgh `f lnm~fmn tnaflfg~ ogmufozfgm! d~z ctn cag
nhdgjfnj fm ^mfznj Mczfgm _no~tfzv Og~mofa Tnga~zfgm-55 Z`ntnegtn! cmv ogmoa~fgmgm z`f hczznt hcjn dv z`n Oghhffgm fm fz efmca tn{gtz |g~aj dn dgz` {gafzfoca cmj
~mtncgmcdan-
u- CaCsc f fm jcmlnt Cnhdafn
Z`n Oghhffgm caanln z`cz _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` gtlcmfynj hc cnhdafn cmj ~nj
fmeachhczgtv hnz`gj ge {tg{clcmjc zg otnczn c {~dafo g~zotv ~ttg~mjfml z`f nmfzfun
55_nn ^mfznj Mczfgm _no~tfzv Og~mofa Tnga~zfgm Mg- 4>4 ge 43 Hcv 36502 Mg- 45< ge ? I~av 36562 Mg- 4
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f~n! cmj fm z`f |cv! nz fm hgzfgm z`n |fjn{tncj ufganmon j~tfml Gozgdnt 4;;;- Z`ffmfzfca ogmoa~fgm tnent zg z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz caCsc f fm jcmlnt cnhdafn-
Fz f ~t{tffml z`cz z`n Oghhffgm jnnhnj fz mnonctv zg |ctm _`nfb` Tcnj _cac`
ogmontmfml z`f f~n- Z`n Oghhffgm cttfunj cz z`f fmfzfca ogmoa~fgm! fmoa~jnj fm z`n|ctmfml anzznt! jn{fzn z`n ecoz z`cz z`nn cnhdafn |ntn {ncone~a cmj |naa gtlcmfynj!
nunm coogtjfml zg z`n {gafon- Fm fz s~nzfgm! z`n Oghhffgm jfj mgz tnaczn zg cmv {~dafo
jfz~tdcmon dnegtn! j~tfml gt ceznt z`n cnhdafn zggb {acon-
Fz f nufjnmz z`cz z`n Oghhffgm jfcltnn |fz` z`n ogmznmz ge z`n zcznhnmz hcjnj~tfml z`nn cnhdafn- @g|nunt! z`nn zcznhnmz ctn mgz cmj |ntn mnunt z`n dcf egt cmv
coo~czfgm ge ufgaczfgm ge ac|- Z`f bfmj ge jfcltnnhnmz jgn mgz ltcmz z`n Oghhffgm
z`n c~z`gtfzv zg fmzntentn |fz` z`n tfl`z ge _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` cmj gz`nt hnhdnt ge
z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz zg etnnjgh ge dnafne! |gt`f{ cmj np{tnfgm! c fmjfufj~ca gt c
c oghh~mfzv-
_`nfb` Tcnj _cac` dnafne z`cz caCsc hgs~n f fm jcmlnt f dcnj gm `f tnaflfg~
j~zv zg {ctzfof{czn fm z`n neegtz zg {tnntun fz c c `gav fzn! cmj etgh ogmotnzn fmegthczfgm{~daf`nj fm z`n Ftcnaf {tn- _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` jnzcfanj z`nn jcmlnt! |`fo` ctn {gnj
dv z`n zczn c |naa c npztnhfz ltg~{ |fz`fm Ftcnaf In|f` gofnzv-
Z`n caCsc f fm jcmlnt cnhdafn dnlcm zcbfml {acon fm 366
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z`n Oghhffgm fms~ftv fmzg `f {gfzfgm gm caCsc hgs~n! |`fan cz z`n chn zfhnflmgtfml gz`nt tnanucmz hczznt {ntzcfmfml zg z`n fmofznhnmz ctg~mj ~o` c nmfzfun f~n
~o` c _`ctgm uffz zg z`n hgs~n ogh{g~mj gm 40 _n{znhdnt 4;;;! cmj z`n ltcmzfml ge
{nthffgm egt z`f uffz dv z`nm[tfhn Hfmfznt N`~j Dctcb-
Fm `f znzfhgmv dnegtn z`n Oghhffgm! [tgengt Tcdfmg|fzy ocznlgtfocaav jfcltnnj
|fz` z`n Oghhffgm fh{afnj {gfzfgm tnlctjfml z`n fmontfzv ge _`nfb` Tcnj _cac`dnafne z`cz caCsc f fm jcmlnt- @n ztnnj z`n fh{gtzcmon ge z`n hgs~n zg _`nfb`
Tcnj _cac` cmj zg caa hnhdnt ge z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz- @n cag nh{`cfynj z`cz Fachfo
Hgunhnmz hnhdnt ctn c|ctn ge Ftcnaf {tn tn{gtz cdg~z z`tncz dv npztnhfz tfl`z|fmlIn|f` ltg~{ zg caCsc hgs~n- Z`~! caCsc f fm jcmlnt cnhdafn ctn c lnm~fmn
tneanozfgm ge z`n {ntonfunj z`tncz cmj mgz c hncm ge fmofznhnmz-
Z`n _n{znhdnt 4;;; caCsc f fm jcmlnt cnhdav! afbn {tfgt lcz`ntfml! |c czznmjnj
dv z`g~cmj ge {ng{an! cmj |c ogmj~oznj fm c untv gtjntav hcmmnt- Cz z`f cnhdav!_`nfb` Tcnj _cac` {gbn cdg~z z`n lguntmhnmzca clnmofn fmofznhnmz clcfmz z`n Ctcdhfmgtfzv fm lnmntca! cmj clcfmz z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz fm {ctzfo~act- @n cag zgaj z`n
{ctzfof{cmz z`cz z`f lcz`ntfml |c z`n cm|nt zg z`n {tgugoczfun {gafzfo cmj zg caa ge z`n
czznh{z zg octn z`n {ng{an c|cv etgh z`n cnhdav-
Z`n Oghhffgm fms~ftnj fmzg z`n ~n ge z`n znthfmgaglv ge cotfefon egt caCsc hgs~n!
egt npch{an! z`n ~n ge z`n Ctcdfo znth Enjc- _`nfb` Tcnj _cac`! fm `f znzfhgmv!np{acfmnj z`n ~n ge hnzc{`gt cmj vhdgafh fm z`n Ctcdfo acml~cln fm lnmntca! cmj
z`cz {nofefo znth fm {ctzfo~act- Jt- Nafc Czcaac`! cm Ctcdfo acml~cln {nofcafz! {tgufjnjcm np{ntz g{fmfgm gm z`n Ctcdfo acml~cln cmj fz jnunag{hnmz! |`fo` |c ~dhfzznj
dv Cjcac` zg z`n Oghhffgm-
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_`nfb` Tcnj _cac` cmj z`n hnhdnt ge z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz ctn npntoffml z`nft tfl`zzg etnnjgh ge tnaflfgm cmj np{tnfgm |`nm z`nv gtlcmfyn cmj {ctzfof{czn fm caCsc f fm
jcmlnt cnhdafn- Z`n cnhdafn |ntn ogmj~oznj fm c untv gtjntav hcmmnt cmj z`ntn ocm
dn mg {~dafo `cth etgh ogmj~ozfml z`nn lcz`ntfml-
uf- Ogmunvfml tn{ncznj hncln jnmvfml z`n anlfzfhcov ge z`n npfznmon ge Ftcna
Z`n Oghhffgm caanln z`cz zcznhnmz hcjn dv _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` ogmunv hncln
jnmvfml z`n anlfzfhcov ge z`n npfznmon ge Ftcna- Fm tnco`fml z`f fmfzfca ogmoa~fgm! z`n
Oghhffgm flmgtnj gt jfj mgz lfun ~eefofnmz |nfl`z zg z`n hcmv znzfhgmfn cmj np`fdfzz`cz |ntn {tnnmznj zg fz! |`fo` ogmztcjfoz z`n caanlczfgm fm z`n |ctmfml anzznt clcfmz
_`nfb` Tcnj _cac` cmj `g| z`cz z`nv `cun mg dcf-
Gm 40 C~l~z 4;;;! z`n Jftnozgt Lnmntca cmj nmfgt {ntgmmna ge z`n Hfmfztv ge Fmzntmca_no~tfzv! c |naa c {gafon geefofca tn{gmfdan egt z`n ^hh caEc`nh ctnc! ogmj~oznj c
uffz zg z`n zg|m- Z`nmHcvgt _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` gznj z`nh cmj tn{gtznj gm z`n uctfg~{tgdanh econj dv z`n ?5!;;; tnfjnmz ge ^hh caEc`nh! fmoa~jfml z`n jcmlnt {gnj dv
mnctdv hfafzctv dcn! jt~l! {ggt fmetczt~oz~tn! cmj `fl` ~mnh{agvhnmz (cdg~z 4;. cz
z`cz zfhn&- Z`n Cjufgt gm Ctcd Ceecft egt z`n Hfmfztv! |`g cag {ctzfof{cznj fm z`n uffz!{tn{ctnj c anzznt jcznj ?3 C~l~z 4;;;! fm |`fo` `n ~hhctfynj z`n hnnzfml- Fm zctb
ogmztcz zg z`n anzznt ge |ctmfml f~nj dv z`n Oghhffgm! z`n Cjufgt |tgzn fm `f anzznt
z`cz _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` |naoghnj z`n uffz cmj z`n uffzgt! cmj np{tnnj z`n {tgdanheconj dv z`n zg|m cmj c |faafmlmn zg cfz z`n Hfmfztv fm e~aefaafml fz j~zfn ~mjnt z`n
ac|zg {tgznoz z`n |naectn ge caa tnfjnmz ge ^hh caEc`nh-
Fm `f znzfhgmv dnegtn z`n Oghhffgm! _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` np{acfmnj z`n jfzfmozfgm
z`cz `n hcbn dnz|nnm z`n npfznmon ge z`n zczn ge Ftcna cmj fz fmzfz~zfgm! gm z`n gmn
`cmj! cmj zczn {gafov gm z`n gz`nt `cmj- @n cobmg|anjlnj z`cz `n fmzntcoz |fz` z`n zczncmj fz fmzfz~zfgm! dgz` c cm fmjfufj~ca cmj c z`n ancjnt ge z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz- Z`f
fmzntcozfgm fmoa~jn {ctzfof{czfgm fm z`n hcmclnhnmz ge h~mfof{cafzfn! ogg{ntczfgm |fz`
o`gga dgctj! cmj hcfmzcfmfml lggj tnaczfgm |fz` ac| nmegtonhnmz clnmofn- _`nfb`Tcnj _cac` znzfefnj z`cz `n jgn mgz ~{{gtz {ctzfof{czfgm fm z`n Bmnnz! c `n dnafnun
z`cz fz jgn mgz {tcozfocaav cjucmon z`n tfl`z ge z`n [canzfmfcm hfmgtfzv! jn{fzn z`n ecozz`cz z`f egt~h {tgufjn cm g{{gtz~mfzv zg {tgznz zczn {gafov! fe mgz`fml nan- @n cagznzfefnj z`cz `n jgn mgz coon{z z`n c~z`gtfzfn {gafofn cmj z`n jnefmfzfgm ge z`n zczn!
|`fo` npoa~jn z`n [canzfmfcm fm Ftcna c |naa c z`nft `fzgtv c mczfun ge z`f og~mztv-
@n f mgz |faafml zg cj`ntn zg {gafofn z`cz jfotfhfmczn clcfmz z`n oghh~mfzv! cmj `n ftncjv zg o`caanmln z`nn {gafofn fm z`n |fjnz {`ntn {gfdan ~mjnt z`n ac|-
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z`n [canzfmfcm hfmgtfzv cmj z`n In|f` hcigtfzv - Coogtjfml zg [tgengt Tg~`cmc! z`n[canzfmfcm hfmgtfzv fm lnmntca! fmoa~jfml _`nfb` Tcnj _cac`! jfzfml~f`n dnz|nnm z|g
dcfo ogh{gmnmz ge z`n zczn9 \`fan z`nv cobmg|anjln z`n anlca fmzfz~zfgm z`cz np{tn
z`n zczn npfznmon! z`nv tninoz z`n zczn jfotfhfmczgtv {gafofn z`cz znh etgh fz{gafzfoca Yfgmfz fjngaglv- Ogmuntnav! z`n hcigtfzv ge In|f` Ftcnaf jg mgz jfzfml~f`
dnz|nnm z`n zczn c ~o` cmj fz {gafzfoca cmj fjngaglfoca ogh{gmnmz- Egt c hcigtfzv ge
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Ogmztctv zg z`n Oghhffgm caanlczfgm clcfmz _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` fm z`f tnlctj!fz |c z`n cozfgm ge z`n {gafon fm Gozgdnt 4;;; z`cz ~mjnthfmnj z`n ofufa anlfzfhcov
ge z`n [canzfmfcm hfmgtfzv fm Ftcna fm lnmntca! cmj z`n tnfjnmz ge ^hh caEc`nh fm
{ctzfo~act- J~tfml z`n Gozgdnt 4;;; jnhgmztczfgm! z`n {gafon cmj {gafon mf{nt eftnjafun chh~mfzfgm cmj t~ddnt d~aanz cz Ctcd ofzfynm ge Ftcna- Z`nn anz`ca hncm |ntn
~nj ~mjnt z`n jftnoz oghhcmj ge z`n Mgtz`ntm Jfztfoz [gafon Oghhcmjnt! Cafb Tgm-Tgm etns~nmzav fmofznj clcfmz Ctcd ancjnt j~tfml 36604;;;! fmoa~jfml _`nfb` Tcnj_cac`! |`g g{{gnj f tcofz cmj faanlca hnz`gj- Tgm jnotfdnj _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` c c
{cz`gaglfoca afct! cmj z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz c c jn{fnj hgunhnmz- Cz `f |ctmfml
`nctfml dnegtn z`n Oghhffgm gm 4? I~av 4;;4! Tgm tn{ncznj f tcofz {gfzfgm tnlctjfml
z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmz- Cag! j~tfml z`f fms~ftv! Tgm ogmefthnj z`cz `n jfj mgz mgzfev cmv
ancjnt fm ^hh caEc`nh ge `f fmznmzfgm zg dtfml {gafon mf{nt cmj zg {gfdav ~n z`nh
clcfmz z`n {tgznzgt etgh z`n zg|m-
Z`ntnegtn! z`n Oghhffgm caanlczfgm fm z`f tnlctj f ~meg~mjnj- Z`ntn f c jfeentnmz~mjntzcmjfml ge z`n tnaczfgm`f{ |fz` z`n zczn chgml z`n [canzfmfcm hfmgtfzv cmj z`n
In|f` hcigtfzv- Hgz In|f` Ftcnaf! fm ogmztcz zg Ctcd ofzfynm ge Ftcna! ns~czn z`nnpfznmon ge z`n zczn |fz` fz Yfgmfz {gafzfoca fjngaglv- _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` tnoglmfyn z`n
zczn ge Ftcna cmj fz fmzfz~zfgm cmj fmzntcoz |fz` z`nh- _fhfact zg c ucz hcigtfzv ge z`n
Ctcd {~dafo fm Ftcna! _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` tninoz cmj ogmznz jfotfhfmczgtv zczn {gafofncmj fjngaglfn! |`fo` cfh zg hctlfmcafyn z`n oghh~mfzv-
uff- [gtztcvca ge z`n _zczn c cm Nmnhv
_ctcecmj f gmn ge z`n [canzfmfcm ufaacln jnztgvnj dv Ftcnaf egton fm 36:0! cmj
fz tnfjnmz |ntn egtonj zg ancun- Fm I~av 4;;;! z`n Ftcnaf c~z`gtfzfn jnhgaf`nj z`n
_ctcecmj Hgs~n! |`fo` `cj tnhcfmnj zcmjfml fm z`n ufaacln- Z`n Fachfo Hgunhnmzhcjn m~hntg~ czznh{z zg {tnunmz z`n jnhgafzfgm ge z`n hgs~n! dv |tfzfml anzznt zg
z`n tnanucmz lguntmhnmz hfmfztfn cmj gtlcmfyfml jnhgmztczfgm- Ceznt z`n hgs~n |c
jnhgaf`nj! _`nfb` Tcnj _cac` |tgzn c {gnh fm Ctcdfo tnlctjfml z`f `gav {acon! fm
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gm 46 _n{znhdnt 4;;; |c cz ancz hcafofg~ mnlaflnmon gm z`n {ctz ge z`n Ftcnaf no~tfzvegton! |`fo` og~aj chg~mz zg fmznmz- CaCsc hgs~n ogh{g~mj f c nmfzfun agoczfgm2
fm z`n {cz! dgz` fm 366; cmj 3665! fz |c z`n fzn ge dt~zca cozfgm dv Ftcnaf no~tfzv
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ancjnt`f{ ~azfhcznav flmgtnj z`nn |ctmfml cmj {nthfzznj z`n uffz zg zcbn {acon- C |c
cmzfof{cznj! _`ctgm uffz |c hnz dv fmznmn {tgznz! cmj z`n no~tfzv egton tnzcafcznj dv~fml nponfun egton clcfmz z`n jnhgmztczgt! tn~azfml fm hcmv fmi~tfn zg [canzfmfcm
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