Download - Occlusion
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OCCLUSION
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OCCLUSION
> may mean the contact relationship of the teeth in function or parafunction.
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> It refers not only to contact of the arches at an occlusal interface but also to all those factors concerned with the development & stability of the masticatory system & with the use of the teeth in oral motor behavior.
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SUGGESTED TOPICS FOR THE STUDY OF OCCLUSION:1. Development of
Occlusion
Primary Dentition
– development of occlusion begins with the occlusion of the deciduous teeth.
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Permanent Dentition
– there are significant differences in the eruption sequences between the maxillary arch & the mandibular arch that do not appear in the eruption of the primary dentition.
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Sequence of eruption in the maxillary arch:
6 – 1 – 2 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 7 – 8
Sequence of eruption in the mandibular arch:
6 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 7 – 8
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2. Dental Arch Form
- the basic pattern of tooth position is the arch.
- The form is largely determined by the shape of the underlying basal bone.
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3. Compensating Curvatures of the Dental Arches
Curved Occlusal Plane – mandibular arch conforms generally to one or more curved planes which appear concave, & the opposing maxillary arch appears convex.
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Von Spee noted that the cusps & incisal ridges of the teeth tended to display a curved alignment when the arches were observed from a point opposite the first molars.
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This alignment is within the sagittal plane only & is known as the Curve of Spee.
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4. Angulation of the Individual Teeth in Relation to Various Planes
Root form – each tooth must be placed at an angle that best withstands the lines of forces brought against its function.
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5. Functional Form of the Teeth at their Incisal & Occlusal Thirds
- the incisal & occlusal thirds of the tooth crown present a convex & concave surface at all contacting occlusal areas.
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- a convex surface, representing a segment of the occlusal third of one tooth may come into contact with a concave segment of another tooth.
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6. Facial & Lingual Relations of Each Tooth in one Arch to its Antagonists in the Opposing Arch in Centric Occlusion
- Each tooth has two antagonists, the loss of one still leaves one antagonist remaining.
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- This will keep the tooth in occlusal contact with the opposing arch & keep it in its own arch relation at the same time by preventing elongation & displacement through the lack of antagonism.
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7. Occlusal Contact & Intercusp Relations of all the Teeth of one Arch with those in the Opposing Arch in Centric Occlusion
- Centric occlusion is frequently the position of the jaw for bracing during swallowing & the terminal position of the masticatory stroke.
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- When the teeth of both jaws come together in centric occlusion, forces should be equalized so that the teeth are stabilized by all forces acting on them.
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ARTICULATION
- used to describe contacts between the teeth in opposing dental arches during mandibular movements.
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Articulators – mechanical device by which the occlusal relationship during mandibular movements may be copied.
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POSITION
- the relationship of the maxilla & the mandible when the teeth are in occlusion.
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Five Positions in which occlusion takes place:
1. Intercuspal occlusion2. Protruded occlusion3. Retruded occlusion4. Left lateral occlusion5. Right lateral occlusion
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POSTURAL OR MANDIBULAR REST POSITION- teeth not in function, mouth is closed by the tonic contraction of the muscles of mastication & facial expression & the teeth are not in contact.- there is intercuspal or freeway space of 2-5mm between teeth.
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REST VERTICAL DIMENSION
- the face is in an involuntary relaxed state.
- a distance measured from the inferior border of the nose to the point of the chin.
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OCCLUSAL VERTICAL DIMENSION
- teeth are in intercuspal occlusion.
(* The difference between the RVD & OVD represents the freeway space.)
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DISTURBANCE
- alteration in the established form of the teeth or in occlusal function.
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Example:1. overcrowding2. rotation/displacement of teeth from
the dental arches3. increase overbite/overjet4. posterior open bite5. anterior open bite6. missing, painful, sharp teeth
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DISORDER
- disturbances that cause pathological alterations in the masticatory system.
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Example:1. bruxism2. attrition3. cracked tooth syndrome4. mandibular pain dysfunction
syndrome
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IDEAL OCCLUSION
- is a perfect dentition which can be rarely found.
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NORMAL OCCLUSION
- takes into account the ability of the masticatory system to adapt or compensate for some deviations within the range of acceptable variation without producing disturbances or disorders
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ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION OF OCCLUSION
Normal Occlusion/ Ideal Occlusion- the MB cusp of the maxillary first molars occlude with the MB groove of the mandibular first molars.
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- the DB cusp of the maxillary first molar occlude with the distal cusp of the mandibular first molar & with the MB cusp of the mandibular second molar.
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- each tooth occludes with 2 teeth in the opposing dental arch with exception to the mandibular central incisors & the maxillary third molars.
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OVERBITE
- vertical relation between the upper and lower incisors.
OVERJET
- horizontal relation between the upper and lower incisors.
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OCCLUSAL PLANE
- imaginary plane that passes through the incisal edges of the mandibular central incisors & curves gently upwards through the tips of the buccal cusps of the premolar & molar teeth to the tip of the DB cusps of mandibular second molars.
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Slope of the Curve – Compensating Curve
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CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION:
1. NEUTROCCLUSION /ANGLE’S CLASS I
- antero-posterior relationship of dental arches are normal.
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- malocclusion found is due to discrepancies between the length of the two dental arches & tooth size.
- spacing/ crowding/ crossbite may be present.
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2. DISTOCCLUSION/ ANGLE’S CLASS II
- mandibular first molars lie in distal relationship to the maxillary molars.
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Division I - maxillary incisors proclined - increase overjet
Division II - maxillary incisors are retroclined and crowded maxillary incisors are proclined & overlap the central incisors.
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3. MESIOCCLUSION / ANGLE’S CLASS III
- mandibular molars lie mesial to the maxillary molars
- negative overjet
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Pseudo – Class III
- the incisors have negative overjet but the molar relationship is Class I.
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Treatment for Malocclusion:
1. Orthodontic treatment2. Surgery
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Functional Movement of the Mandible
1. Bilateral Movement- bilaterally symmetrical, both
head and condyle are involved- example:
a. depressionb. elevationc. protrusion d. retrusion
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2. Unilateral Asymmetrical Movement- one head of the condyle
moves in one direction while the other head stays in position as seen during the chewing cycle of mastication.
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3. Balancing Bite / Position- static relationship of the
mandibular & maxillary teeth to one another on one side of the dental arch when closure is made and the mandible moved laterally to the opposite side.
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4. Balancing Occlusion- dynamic relationship of
mandibular & maxillary teeth to one another during the excursion of the mandible for balancing position to centric occlusion.
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5. Working Bite / Position- static relationship of the
mandible & maxillary teeth to one another on one side of the dental arch when closure is made with the mandible moved laterally to that side.
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6. Working Occlusion - dynamic relationship of
mandibular & maxillary teeth to one another during the excursion of the mandible for working position to centric occlusion.
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