Observations and modeling of Earth’s transmission spectrum through lunar eclipses:
A window to transiting exoplanet characterization.
E. Palle, M.R. Zapatero, P. Montañes-Rodriguez, R. Barrena, A. Garcia-Muñoz
We observed the Earth transmission spectrum during a lunar eclipse
NOT, Visible, 0.4-1 μmWHT, Near-IR, 0.9-2.5 μmLa Palma, Canaries
A penumbral eclipse seen from the Moon
JAXA/NHK
Moon here
Lunar explorer "KAGUYA" (SELENE) on February 10, 2009
Modeling efforts: Constructing a true model
Non-radial symmetry Direct transmissionDiffraction, refractionDiffuse light
Earth – moon distance
∞ = exoplanets
JAXA/NHK
Transmission models: Rayleigh + Clouds (8km) + aerosols (Direct +Diffuse)
Diffuse light insensitive to alpha and dominant at short wavelengths
Garcia-Muñoz et al, in preparation
Oxygen complexes in the Earth’s atmosphere: Oxygen dimers
Oxygen at visible wavelengths
Intensity reversal again explained trough diffuse light contribution
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Earth’s Reflectance Spectrum: Earthshine
μm
NOT, Visible, 0.4-1 μmWHT, Near-IR, 0.9-2.5 μm La Palma, Canaries
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Reflected spectrum Transmission Spectrum
CO2 CH4
CH4
O2 CO2
Blue planet?
O2
O2•O2
O2•N2
O2•O2
Palle et al, 2009μm
M8 star + 1 Earth ... with the E-ELT
~5 h
~ 150 h~ 50 h
~ 25 h
20, 100, 500, 1000 spectra combined - SNR 1000
Palle et al, ApJ, submitted
M8 star + 1 Earth ... with the E-ELT
~5 h
~ 150 h~ 50 h
~ 25 h
20, 100, 500, 1000 spectra combined - SNR 1000
Palle et al, ApJ, submitted
More Moon Soon ...VISIR @ VLT3CRIRES @ VLT1COMICS @ SUBARUSPEX @ IRTFPalomar & HST21st December 2010: 0.3 – 24
micron