the Current Situation in Poland
Grzegorz Wrochna
National Centre For Nuclear Research
Nuclear Cogeneration Industial Initiative
Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform
Presented by Janusz Malesa
National Centre for Nuclear Research
Technical Meeting
to Examine the Techno-Economics of and Opportunities for Non-Electric Applications
of Small and Medium-Sized or Modular Reactors
IAEA, Vienna, 29-31 May 2017
1
Nuclear Cogeneration –
Polish Nuclear Power Programme provides an opportunity for the development of new technologies, through associated research and development projects. Two major goals of the projects:
• Addressing predicted needs of the economy • (eg. high temperature heat for industry).
• Development of competences, technologies and products • (eg. components and new types of reactors).
The more added value (intellectual property) generated by projects, the stronger boost for economy.
• Therefore, one needs to look for new technologies and new application areas.
2
Polish Nuclear Roadmap
3
Polish Nuclear Roadmap
• Electric power market dominated by large (~ 1000 MWe)
light water reactors (LWR).
• Intense competition in the market
• 5 suppliers declared their participation in the Polish tender
• China and Russia are active on other markets
• Heat market today 100% dominated by fossil fuels.
• Huge potential for nuclear reactors
• Currently addressed only in terms of LWR, i.e. T <250 ° C.
• District heating, desalination, ...
• Need for new technologies
• HTGR (High Temperature Gas Reactor) ~600°C
• VHTR (Very HTR), DFR (Dual Fluid Reactor) ~1000°C
• Coolant: Helium 700°C
• 2nd cuircut: steam 550°C
• typical for existing chemical installations
• TRISO fuel
• Leak tight to fission products > 1600°C
• Pebble-bed or prismatic core
• Intrinsic safety
• In case of accident, cools down
by conduction & radiative heat transfer
• No core damage, no exclusion zone
• Future: VHTR >1000°C
High T Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR)
Steam
Generators
Reactor
Circulator
TRISO
particle
Compact
Block
Core
Reactor
Primary system
(2 loops option)
UO2/PyC/SiC
HTGR deployment in Poland
Government on 14 February 2017 published „Strategy for responsible development”. - the governmental plan for Polish economy grow
List of energy actions contains: Preparation of HTR deployment for industrial heat production in cogeneration, using industrial & scientific potential of Poland. Support for Polish R&D on materials for gen.IV reactors.
Vice-ministers meetings:
• 5.2016 with Euratom-fission & NC2I
• 2016 with CEA (Frank Carré nominated HTR liaison by CEA)
• 3x2016, 5.2017 with UK DECC/BEIS
• 3.2016, 2.2017 with US DoE, NGNP IA, X-energy
HTGR deployment in Poland Minister of Energy on 13 July 2016 appointed „Committee for deployment of high temperature reactors”. Chairman: G.Wrochna
Terms of reference: • Analysis of Polish economy
needs & export potential
• Inventory of relevant design & manufacturing capabilities of Polish science & industry
• Cost estimate, business model, funding possibilities
• Analysis of legal framework
• Establishing international cooperation
Members from:
• Nuclear R&D: National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ)
• Engineering: Energoprojekt, Prochem
• End-users: Azoty, Orlen, Enea, Tauron, KGHM
Associates: PAA (regulator), NCBR (R&D funding agency), PKO BP (bank)
Electricity
Process
heat
<250°C
250°C-
550°C
1000°C
LWR
HTGR
VHTR
/ DFR
design license construction
design license construction
design …
2015 2020 2025 2030
4x / 6x
1000-1600
MWe
150-350
MWth
300-1000
MWth
Nee
ds
of
Po
lish
eco
no
my
10 MWth
concept
Nuclear Roadmap of Poland
8
Investment project
Deployment project
Research project
• 13 largest chemical plants need 6500 MW of heat at T=400-550°C
• They use 200 TJ / year, equivalent to burning of >5 mln t of natural gas or oil
• Replacing by HTGR would reduce CO2 emission by 14-17 mln t / year
• 165 MWth reactor size fits all the needs
9
HTGR for Poland
Plant boilers MW
ZE PKN Orlen S.A.Płock 8 2140
Arcelor Mittal Poland S.A. 8 1273
Zakłady Azotowe "Puławy" S.A. 5 850
Zakłady Azotowe ANWIL SA 3 580
Zakłady Chemiczne "Police" S.A. 8 566
Energetyka Dwory 5 538
International Paper - Kwidzyn 5 538
Grupa LOTOS S.A. Gdańsk 4 518
ZAK S.A. Kędzierzyn 6 474
Zakl. Azotowe w Tarnowie Moscicach S.A. 4 430
MICHELIN POLSKA S.A. 9 384
PCC Rokita SA 7 368
MONDI ŚWIECIE S.A. 3 313
Feedback from industry
• Several sites use ~500°C steam networks
• Need to exchange old boilers with HTGR
• Electric island already there
• HTGR parameters matching standard boilers:
540°C, 13.4 MPa, 165 MWth, 230 t/h
• HTGR economy vs market size trade-off • Industry don’t want to exchange all boilers at once
• >200 MWth fits to only a few of sites in PL
• Small size fits all !
• 165 MWth poses economy challenge • 165 MWth cost ~ 50% of 650 MWth cost
• Need to optimise 165 MWth design • Vessel rolled in one piece & road transportable
• Preassembly in factory, …
• Smaller safety margins needed, …
• 165 MW or 2×83 or 3×55? …
11
Optimum HTGR size
12
HTR business model considerations…
shareholders / subcontractors
owners (>50% of shares or a „golden share”)
ENGINEERING
PROCUREMENT
SPV
Owner
Operator CONSTRUCTION
companies
from the market
Firmy
chemiczne
- odbiorcy ciepła
Firmy
chemiczne
- odbiorcy ciepła
Firmy
chemiczne
- odbiorcy ciepła
Owner
Operator
CHEMICAL
COMPANIES,
etc
STATE?
CHEMICAL/ENERGY
COMPANIES?
CHEMICAL/ENERGY
COMPANIES?
NUCLEAR
COMPANIES
NUCLEAR
OPERATOR(S)
Owner
Operator
OWNER
OPERATOR
SPV’s
June:
• Report of HTR Committee
July:
• Minister’s decision to proceed
• Start negotiations with partners
October:
• Signing agreements
• Start of HTGR design
• GEMINI Plus Project • Research and Development in support of the GEMINI Initiative
• Horizon 2020 (Euratom fission 2016-2017)
• Research and Innovation action
13
Towards 1st HTGR in Poland
Preparing the demo.: GEMINI+ Project ▶ Objective: to be ready for launching demo.
GEMINI+
Project
A design base
A licensing framework
A large industrial site
selected
A team trained for
demo.
Feasibility of demo. on
the selected site
The European legacy •The historical German HTGR programme •18 years of HTGR related projects (FP4-7)
•HTGR technology
•Understanding industry process heat needs
European partners • TSOs
• Nuclear industry
• Industrial end-users
• Research organisations
International partners • NGNP Industry Alliance
• JAEA
• KAERI
International partnership to support demo.
+ Innovation
INPUT
OUTPUT A business plan for the
demo.
Organisation Type of organisation Country
NCBJ Research organisation PL
AMEC FW Commercial in Confidence UK
AREVA-G Industry DE
BrivaTech SME DE
CVRez Research organisation CZ
Empresarios Agrupados Private Company ES
Energoprojekt-Warszawa SME PL
FORTUM Energy Utility FI
IRSN Research organisation FR
JAEA Research Organisation JP
JRC Research organisation NL
LEI Research organisation LT
LGI SME FR
NGNP Alliance Industry US
NRG Research organisation NL
PROCHEM Private Company PL
TUD University DE
TÛV-R Private Company DE
UJV Private company CZ
USNC-EU SME FR
KAERI Research organisation KR
AZOTY Private company PL
NAMRC/USFD University UK
NUCLIC SME NL
Baaten Energy Consulting SME NL
Ge
min
i+ c
on
sort
ium
16
WP1
Safety WP2
Design
WP4
Preparation of
demo.
WP6
Coordination
WP5
Comunicatiom
Preparing teams
WP3
Innovative
approaches
Safety requirements
Safety Options Report
Innovative features
Technical characteristics & economic data on the nuclear
cogen. system
Information of BAG
Recommendations of BAG
Information of SAG
Recommendations of SAG
A licensing
framework
• The configuration of the nuclear
cogeneration system with an
acceptable safety approach
• A possible site
• A business plan for
demonstration
• A team prepared for a
demonstration project
• Available technical
documents gathered for the
demo. project in a database
June 2017:
• Report of HTR Committee
July 2017:
• Minister’s decision to proceed
• Creation of HTR-EP company
• Start negotiations with partners
End of 2017:
• Signing agreements
• Feasibility study
2018-2022:
• HTGR design
2023-2031:
• FOAK licensing & construction 17
Towards 1st HTGR in Poland
National Centre for Nuclear
Research
Grzegorz Wrochna
www.ncbj.gov.pl
Reactor MARIA
30 MW, high n flux
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Poland
A new technology
demonstrator
ww
w.n
c2
i.e
u
NC2I is one of SNETP’s strategic technological pillars, mandated to coordinate the
demonstration of high temperature nuclear cogeneration.
www.snetp.eu