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November 27
• Bell work – What is your spirit animal? • Prepare a new Notes Page: Chapter 16
Section 1
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Chapter 16 Section 1 Sound is a Wave
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Sound is a mechanical wave
• It transfers energy through matter
1. Can you think of a solid material sound travels
through?
2. Can you think of a liquid sound travels through?
3. Can you think of a gas sound travels through?
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Sound is a mechanical wave
• Sound makes particles of matter vibrate
Animation courtesy of Dr. Dan Russell, Grad. Prog. Acoustics, Penn State http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html
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http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-1/Sound-as-a-Longitudinal-Wave
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Humans make sound by vibrating Vocal Chords
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Humans detect sound when tiny organs in the ear
sense vibrations
By Chittka L, Brockmann [CC BY 2.5 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5)], via Wikimedia Commons
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/edl.cfm
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Sound is a longitudinal wave
• Particles vibrate in the same direction the sound
wave travels
By Pluke (Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
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Sound is a longitudinal
wave
• Sounds waves are
patterns of
compressions and
the spaces between
http://www.smackmypitchup.com/smpu/?sec=content&id=72&topid=123
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http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Waves-and-Sound/Simple-Wave-Simulator/Simple-Wave-Simulator-Interactive
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a vibrating drum is a good example of how these
high vs low pressure patterns are formed
https://res.cloudinary.com/dk-find-out/image/upload/q_80,w_1920,f_auto/How-sounds-are-created-1_su6wfh.jpg
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Sound cannot travel without a medium (no sound in
a vacuum or in outer space)
3 minute video about sound in outer space https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqF3pPU1Z4U
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Famous experiment by Boyle back in
the 1600’s showed there could be no
sound in a vacuum
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The Speed of Sound
• Slower than light
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/KenGriffeyJr2009ST.JPG
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The Speed of Sound
• Is not always the same
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The Speed of Sound
• Depends on material and temperature
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The Speed of Sound – varies with materials
• Faster through liquids than gasses
• Even faster in certain solids
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The Speed of Sound – varies with materials
• Faster through liquids than gasses
• Even faster in certain solids
Why? - Sound vibrations travel more easily when
particles are close together!
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Medium State Speed of
Sound
Air (20o C ) Gas 769 mi/h
Water (20o C ) Liquid 3130 mi/h
Steel (20o C ) Solid 11,200 mi/h
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The Speed of Sound –
varies with temperature
• Faster at higher
temperatures
https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Sound/tempandspeed.htm
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Medium State Speed of
Sound
Air 0 C 741 mi/h
Air 100 C 864 mi/h 17% faster
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The Speed of Sound – varies with temperature
• Faster at higher temperatures
Why? – Higher Temperature means more particle
movement
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Complete the Vocabulary Worksheet for Chapter 16 Section 1