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Notes7th Grade Math7th Grade Math
McDowellMcDowell
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Order of Operations 9/11
PEMDASLR
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally’s Last Request
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Parenthesis – Not just parenthesis• Any grouping symbol
– Brackets– Fraction bars– Absolute Values
Example 2+4
2
6
2
Simplify the top of the fraction 1st
Then divide
3
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Exponents Simplify all possible exponents
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Multiplication
And
Division
Do multiplication and division in order from left to right
Don’t do all multiplication and then all division
Remember division is not commutative
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Addition
And
Subtraction
Do addition and subtraction in order from left to right
Don’t do all addition and then all subtraction
Remember subtraction is not commutative
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You Try1. 3 + 15 – 5 22. 48 8 – 1
3. 3[ 9 – (6 – 3)] – 10
4. 16 + 24
30 - 22
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Exponents 9/11
Exponents Show repeated multiplication
baseexponent
The number being multiplied
The number of times to multiply the base
Base
Exponent
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Example 2³
2 x 2 x 2
4 x 2
8
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Expanded
NotationWhen a repeated
multiplication problem is written out long
Exponential
Notation
When a repeated multiplication problem is written out using powers
3 x 3 x 3 x 3
34
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Example (-2)²
-2²
-2 x –24
-1 x 2²-1 x 2 x 2-1 x 4-4
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Examples (12 – 3)² (2² - 1²)
(-a)³ for a = -3
5(2(3)² – 4)³
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Scientific Notation 9/14
Powers
Of
Ten
Factors 10 10x10 10x10x10 10x10x10x10
Product 10 100 1,000 10,000
Power 101 102 103 104
# of 0s 1 2 3 4
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You Try Fill in the chartFactors 10x10x10x10x10x10x10
Product 10,000,000 100,000,000,000,000
Power 107 1010
# of 0s 10 14
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Scientific
Notation
Looks like:
2.4 x 104
A short way to write really big or really small numbers using factors
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The other factor will be less than 10 but greater than one
1 < factor < 10
And will usually have a decimal
One factor will always be a power of ten: 10n
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The first factor tells us what the number looks like
The exponent on the ten tells us how many places to move the decimal point
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4.6 x 106
4600000
Example
Move the decimal 6 hops to the right
4.600000 Rewrite
Convert between scientific notation and expanded notation
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Write in expanded notation
1. 2.3 x 103
2. 5.76 x 107
Answers
1. 2,300
2. 57,600,000
You Try
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13,700,000
1.3 x 107
Example
Figure out how many hops left it takes to get a factor between 1 and 10
1.3,700,000 Rewrite: the number of hops is your exponent
Convert between expanded notation and scientific notation
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Write in scientific notation
1. 340,000,000
2. 98,200
Answers
1. 3.4 x 108
2. 9.82 x 104
You Try
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Factor Trees and GCF 9/15
Prime
Numbers
Integers greater than one with two positive factors
1 and the original number
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, . . .
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Integers greater than one with more than two positive factors
Composite
Numbers
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, . . .
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Factor Trees
A way to factor a number into its prime factors
Steps
Is the number even or odd?If even: divide by 2If odd: divide by 3, 5, 7, 11,
13 or another prime numberWrite down the prime factor and
the new numberIs the new number prime or composite?
Is the number prime or composite?
If Composite:If prime: you’re done
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Example Find the prime factors of99
even or odddivide by 3
3 33even or odd
divide by 3
prime or composite
prime or composite
3 11 prime or composite
The prime factors of 99: 3, 3, 11
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Example Find the prime factors of12
even or odddivide by 2
2 6even or odd
divide by 2
prime or composite
prime or composite
2 3 prime or composite
The prime factors of 12: 2, 2, 3
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You Try Find the prime factors of
1. 8
2. 15
3. 82
4. 124
5. 26
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GCF 9/15
GCF Greatest Common Factor
the largest factor two or more numbers have in common.
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Steps toFindingGCF
1. Find the prime factors of each number or expression
3. Pick out the prime factors that match
2. Compare the factors
4. Multiply them together
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Example Find the GCF of 126 and 130
130126
2 63
3
2
5
75
21 15
5 3
The common factors are 2, 3
3 7
2 x 3The GCF of 126 and 130 is 6
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You Try Work Book
p 47 # 1-9
p 48 # 3-33 3rd
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LCM 9/16
LCM Least common multiple
The smallest number that is a multiple of both numbers
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Steps
To
Find
LCM
1. Make a multiplication table for each number
2. Compare the multiplication tables
3. Pick the smallest number that both (all) tables have
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Example Find the LCM of 8 and 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
1. Make a mult table
2. Compare
3. Find the smallest match
The LCM of 8 and 3 is 24
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You Try Find the LCM between
1. 2 and 5
2. 9 and 7
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Simplifying Fractions 9/16
Simplest form When the numerator and denominator have no common factors
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Simplifying fractions
1. Find the GCF between the numerator and denominator
2. Divide both the numerator and denominator of the fraction by that GCF
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Example Simplify 2852
28s Prime factors: 2, 2, 752s Prime factors: 2, 2, 13
Use a factor tree to find the prime factors of both numbers and then the GCF
GCF: 2 x 24
2852
4
4
= 7 13
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You Try Write each fraction in simplest form
1. 27/30
2. 12/16
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½ and 2/4 are equivalent fractions
Fractions that represent the same amount
Equivalent fractions
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Making
Equivalent
Fractions
1. Pick a number
2. Multiply the numerator and denominator by that same number
58
x 3x 3
= 15 24
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You Try Find 3 equivalent fractions to
611
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Are the
Fractions
equivalent?
1. Simplify each fraction
2. Compare the simplified fraction
3. If they are the same then they are equivalent
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You try Work Book
p 49 #1-17 odd
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Least common Denominator 9/17
Common
DenominatorWhen fractions have the same denominator
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Steps to
Making
Common
Denominators
1. Find the LCM of all the denominators
2. Turn the denominator of each fraction into that LCM using multiplication
Remember: what ever you multiply by on the bottom, you have to multiply by on the top!
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Example Make each fraction have a common denominator
5/6, 4/9 Find the LCM of 6 and 9
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 489 18 27 36 45 64 73 82
Multiply to change each denominator to 18
5 x 36 x 3
= 15 18
= 8 18
4 x 29 x 2
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You try What are the least common denominators?
1. ¼ and 1/3
2. 5/7 and 13/12
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Comparing
And
Ordering
fractions
Manipulate the fractions so each has the same denominator
Compare/order the fractions using the numerators (the denominators are the same)
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ProjectGroup work!
1. Get into groups of 3 or 4
2. Pick 3 or 4 different fractions
3. Each person make a picture of their fraction
4. Get together as a group and put the fractions/pictures in order from least to greatest
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You try Workbook
p 51 #1-17 oddp 52 #3-36 3rd
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Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions 9/18
Improper fractions
When the numerator is bigger than the denominator
74
Represents more than 1
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You try http://www.youtube.com/user/MathRaps#play/uploads/3/VZQDvb5Yjvw
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Mixed
NumbersThe sum of a whole number
and a fraction
1 + ¾
1¾ =
74
1¾
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ConvertingA MixedNumberTo anImproper
MAD face
Multiply the denominator by the whole number then add the product to the numeratorThat is the new numerator—keep the old denominator
Multiply, Add, keep the Denominator
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6 x 5 + 3 630 + 3 6
33 6
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You try Convert to an improper fraction
1.
2.
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Divide the numerator by the dominator
ConvertingAnImproperTo aMixed #
The quotient is the whole number
The remainder is the new numerator
Keep the same denominator
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Example Convert 26 to a mixed number 3
3 268
-242
R 2
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You try Convert each improper fraction to a mixed number
1. 14 3
2. 25 5
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Fractions and Decimals 9/21
Terminating
Decimala decimal that ends
1.25
When the same group of numbers continues to repeat forever
4.33333333333
4.3
Repeating
Decimal
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Converting FractionsTodecimals
Divide the numerator by the denominator
516
Insert the decimal and some place holders to divide
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You try Convert each fraction to a decimal. Determine if the decimal is a terminating decimal or a repeating decimal
1. 3 5
2. 1 6
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Converting decimals to fractions
Remember place values
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Converting decimals to fractions
Find the place value of the terminating decimal
Place the numbers after the decimal over the place value
Keep whole numbers as whole numbers
Simplify the fraction to lowest terms
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Example 0.925 The 5 is in the thousandths place so 1000 is the denominator
9251000 Simplify
925 251000 25
3740
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You try Convert each decimal to a fraction
1. 0.05
2. 4.7
3. 0.84
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Number Sets 9/22
Whole
Numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
for short
Also known as the counting numbers
Natural
Numbers
1, 2, 3, 4, . . .
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Integers Positive and negative whole numbers
for short
. . . –2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . .
Rational
NumbersNumbers that can be written as fractions
for short
½, ¾, -¼, 1.6, 8, -5.92
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You Try Copy and fill in the Venn Diagram that compares Whole Numbers, Natural Numbers, Integers, and Rational Numbers
Whole #s
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Ordering
Rational
Numbers
Two Options
1. Change each number to a decimal and compare
2. Write each number as a fraction with a common denominator and compare
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You Try Order from least to greatest1. 2.7, -0.3, -4/11
2. -5/6, 2.2, -0.5
3. 2.56, -2.5, 24/10