Ung th phi l mt vn sc khe nghim trng nh hng n nhiu ngi v gia nh ca h. Ung th phi l nguyn nhn gy t vong hng u ung th ti Hoa K. N thng c gy ra bi khi thuc l, nhng c nhng yu t khc trong gia nh v trong nh hoc ni lm vic c th lm tng nguy cung th phi.
Khi mt ngi pht trin bnh ung th phi, xt nghim ny c thc hin xc nh loi ung th phi v nu n lan rng. Khi ung th lan, iu ny c gi l di cn. Kch thc ca khi u v bt c ly lan n cc a im hoc hch bch huyt khc c o trn thang im c gi l giai on ung th. Sn khu l mt tnh nng quan trng c s dng gip quyt nh nhng phng php iu tr c th c s dng.
Bi vit ny u tin s xem xt cc nguy c pht trin ung th phi v cc loi ung th phi khc. Tip theo, bi vit ny s tho lun v cc du hiu v triu chng ca bnh ung th phi v cc xt nghim y t cn thit xc nh chn on. Cui cng, bi vit ny s xem xt qu trnh xc nh kch thc ca ung th v v tr cho dn.
Cc thuc iu tr ung th phi c tho lun mt cch ring bit.
(Xem "thng tin bnh nhn: iu tr ung th phi t bo khng nh; giai on I n cp III, ung th (Beyond the Basics)" .) (Xem "thng tin bnh nhn: iu tr ung th phi t bo khng nh; ung th giai on IV (Beyond the Basics)" .) (Xem "thng tin bnh nhn: iu tr ung th phi t bo nh (Beyond the Basics)" .)Thng tin chi tit v bnh ung th phi c sn ca thu bao. (Xem 'thng tin cp chuyn nghip' di y.)
RI RO CHO LUNG CANCER
Tng nguy c ung th phi bt k mt ngi c th c coi nh l mt kt qu ca vic s dng thuc l, phi nhim cht c hi khc, cng nh khuynh hng di truyn ca h pht trin ung th.
Ht thuc - Ht thuc l l yu t nguy c ln nht i vi ung th phi. Nh mt v d, thuc c c tnh gy ra 85 phn trm ca tt c cc bnh ung th phi ti Hoa K. Mt nguy c ca ngi ht thuc b ung th phi l ln hn so vi mt nonsmoker 10-30 ln. Tt c cc dng thuc l v ht thuc, bao gm c ng, x g, v nhai thuc l, l nhng yu t nguy c chnh gy ung th ming, hng v phi. Nguy c gia tng du hiu ung th phiung th phi vi s iu thuc ht v s nm ht thuc.
B ht thuc c th lm gim nguy c ung th phi bt k bao nhiu nm mt ngi ht. Nguy c ung th vn cn cao trong vi nm sau khi b ht thuc nhng nguy c khng i xung trong vng 5 n 10 nm sau khi b thuc. Nguy c Mt cu Thuc ca ung th phi l khng bao gi thp nh nguy c ca mt nonsmoker.
Secondhand khi - Khi thuc, i khi c gi l ht thuc th ng, c th gy nguy him cho ngi ln v tr em v n c cha cc cht c hi tng t nh trc tip ht khi. Ht khi thuc l l nguyn nhn quan trng ca c hai bnh ung th phi v bnh tim t vong.
Cc yu t mi trng - Cc cht ti ni lm vic hoc trong mi trng c th lm tng nguy c ca mt ngi mc bnh ung th phi. Trong cc b phn ca th gii, ni nhin liu nh g hoc than c s dng rng ri nu n v si m, nhng c th ng gp quan trng i vi nguy c ung th phi. Yu t quan trng khc bao gm aming, thch tn, bc x, v mt s ha cht. Bi v khi t niken, crm v cc kim loi khc cng c th lm tng nguy c ung th phi.
Bc x trong nh - Mt yu t nguy c quan trng i vi bnh ung th phi l radon trong nh. Radon l mt cht kh phng x xy ra t nhin trong lng t. Radon c th b r r ra khi mt t v sau b mc kt trong nh hoc cc ta nh ch yu trong tng hm, ni n c sau ht vo. Bn khng th nhn thy hoc ngi thy kh radon, l l do ti sao xt nghim radon thng c ngh
Tui tc v cc yu t nguy c di truyn - Cc nguy c pht trin ung th phi tng ln theo tui. Ung th phi c th xy ra nhng ngi tr tui, mc d n l bt thng nhng ngi tr hn 40 tui. Sau 40 tui, nguy c pht trin ung th phi gia tng dn mi nm.
Gia nh v nguy c di truyn - Mt s ngi c khuynh hng di truyn cho bnh ung th phi. Bt c ai c mt u tng i (cha m, anh trai, em gi) b ung th phi c nguy c cao pht trin bnh ung th phi mnh.
Tm sot ung th phi
Yu t quan trng nht trong vic gim nguy c ung th phi l trnh ht thuc. i vi nhng c nhn c nguy c cao b ung th phi v bao nhiu h c ht thuc, sng vi liu thp tnh ton ct lp c th c khuyn khch. (Xem "thng tin bnh nhn: phng chng ung th phi v sng lc (Beyond the Basics)" .)
LUNG TRIU CHNG UNG TH
Hu ht nhng ngi b ung th phi c mt hoc nhiu triu chng. Tuy nhin, cc triu chng ca bnh ung th phi tng t nh cc triu chng ca cc vn thng thng khc. Nu bn lo lng v cc triu chng ca bn, hy ni chuyn vi bc s hoc y t ca bn.
Cc triu chng ph bin nht ca ung th phi bao gm:
Ho - Ung th phi c th gy ra ho mi hoc mt s thay i trong mt ln ho mn tnh. Cc ho c th l mt kh hoc c th sn xut ra m (m), m c th cha mu. (Xem "thng tin bnh nhn: ho mn tnh ngi ln (Beyond the Basics)" .) Kh th Th kh kh, mt m thanh hut so khi th au ngc c th pht trin v c th l ngu si n n, sc nt, hoc m Ting ni khn ging Nhc u v sng mt, cnh tay, hoc c Arm, vai v au c c th c gy ra bi mt khi u trong u ca phi (gi l mt khi u Pancoast). Cc triu chng khc c th bao gm s suy yu ca cc c bp tay (do p lc ln dy thn kinh kch thch vo cnh tay), mt m mt r xung, v nhn m.KIM TRA U V CHN ON
Nu bn c triu chng nghi ngnguyn nhn ung th phi, bc s hoc y t ca bn s thc hin mt cuc kim tra. Nu pht hin ca bn vn ang lin quan, bao gm c vic thm cc xt nghim mu v chp X-quang hoc qut sau s c t hng.
Nu chp X-quang hoc CT scan cho thy mt s tng trng bt thng m c th l mt khi u, th nghim b sung c thc hin chn on. Thng thng, mt phn ca s pht trin s cn phi c loi b v kim tra di knh hin vi. Th tc ny c gi l sinh thit. iu quan trng, quyt nh thc hin sinh thit khng c ngha l ung th xut hin. Sinh thit c thc hin thng xuyn kim tra cho c bnh ung th cng nh cc bnh khc m khng phi l ung th.
Sinh thit c th c thc hin theo mt trong nhng cch sau:
Ni soi ph qun l mt th tc, ni mt ng linh hot vi mt my nh c chn vo thng qua ming hoc mi ca bn v sau vo kh qun (gi l kh qun). Th tc ny i hi an thn nh hoc gy t. Th thut ny c m t chi tit ring bit. CT-hng dn sinh thit kim nh c thc hin bng cch nh v cc khi u vi mt CT scan v chn mt kim nh qua da, vo phi, loi b mt mu m nh. Needle kht vng c thc hin bng cch chn mt ci kim vo cc u hoc hch bch huyt c th c cm nhn di da hoc vo b su tp cht lng trong ngc. Chc l chn ca mt cy kim v ng thng vo b su tp cht lng trong ngc loi b cc cht lng v nhn n di knh hin vi. Phu thut c th cn thit loi b cc khi u nu khi u nh v n khng th c c mt mu m bt k cch no khc.ADVANCED KIM TRA TI LUNG CANCER
Ngoi vic nhn vo khi u di knh hin vi, mt s bnh ung th phi cng c th c kim tra ch du sinh hc c th. Nhng ch du sinh hc l nhng protein bt thng v t bin gen c th c tm thy trong ung th. Nu c, cc ch du sinh hctriu chng bnh ung th phic th c s dng quyt nh gia cc la chn iu tr. Ch du sinh hc ph bin trong ung th phi bao gm cc t bin EGFR v ALK translocations. y l mt khu vc thay i nhanh chng ca nghin cu bnh ung th phi v danh sch cc du n sinh hc d kin s tng nhanh chng.
