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Nobel Casting alloysNobel Casting alloysNobel Casting alloysNobel Casting alloys
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Silver-Palladium alloysApplications: Full metal crown and bridge
Composition:• Silver is predominant in the composition
(70-72%)• Palladium content 25% to provide nobility• May contain copper (<15%) and small
amount of gold
Casting temperature: In the range of gold alloys (900-
1000oC)
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Properties:1. Color: Silver white in color
2. Physico-mechanical properties:• As type III Gold alloys• Some alloys (60% Ag + 25% Pd+ 15% Cu) show
properties similar to those of type IV gold alloys
3. Castability: • Poor due to low density of palladium
4. Tarnish and corrosion is the main drawback:
• Cu-containing > Cu-free alloys
Silver-Palladium alloys
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Base Metal Casting Base Metal Casting AlloysAlloys
Base Metal Casting Base Metal Casting AlloysAlloys
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Applications:1. Complete denture bases & RPD Frameworks2. Sub-periosteal implant3. Bone plates and screws
Composition:• Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum, Carbon• Traces of Iron, Manganese, Tungsten, Silicone
Cobalt-Chromium alloys
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Cobalt (35-65%)• Improve the strength, hardness and rigidity• Increase the melting range
Nickel (0-30%): As cobalt but by lower degree
Chromium (20-35%): Improve the tarnish and corrosion resistance by Forming passive oxide layer.
Molybdenum (0-7%): Improve the hardness and strength as it acts as grain refiner
Cobalt-Chromium alloys
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Beryllium: Reduces the melting temperature (1 gm 100oC)
Carbon (0-0.4%): Improves the hardness, but it may brittle the alloy
Iron: • improves the ability of alloy to cold working• Reduce the strength and melting temperature
Tungsten, Manganese & Silicone:Increase the strength and hardness
Cobalt-Chromium alloys
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Properties:Color: Silver white in color
Melting Temp.: 1250-1450oC Requires 1. Either phosphate or silica-bonded investment2. Ether Oxy-Acetylene gas torch or electric melting
Casting shrinkage: 2.3% • The highest rate of shrinkage between all casting
alloys • More mold expansion is required to compensate for
this shrinkage The alloy is not preferred for long-span bridges
Cobalt-Chromium alloys
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Density: (7- gm/Cm3) 1. It is lower than that of gold alloys (15 gm/Cm3)2. More preferred for constructing maxillary dentures ,
but more casting force should be applied
Hardness: 370 BHN • 3 times more than that of type IV gold alloys• The alloy is difficult to be finished and polished
requires sand-blasting or electro-polishing• Could cause wear pf the opposing natural teeth
not used for crown and bridge construction
Cobalt-Chromium alloys
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Strength: • Similar to that of type IV gold alloys
Modulus of elasticity (E): 3x106 Psi • 2 times more than that of type IV gold alloys• The alloy is highly rigid even in thin sections
Ductility (%elongation): 2-10% • The lower elongation value could be reflected as
clasp fracture
Cobalt-Chromium alloys
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Heating: • Formation of chromium carbide is possible that
will render the material brittle, loss its strength, ductility, and reduces the tarnish and corrosion resistance
• Complicate the soldering and welding procedures (needs lowest temp. for shortest time)
Cobalt-Chromium alloys
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Applications:1. Full metal crown and bridge2. Metal-ceramic restoration
Composition:The same as Co-Cr alloy except the % of
nickel is predominant (65-70%)Color:
The same as Co-Cr alloys
Nickel-Chromium alloys
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Properties:• Presence of nickel instead of cobalt
renders the alloy;
1. Less hard2. Of lower shrinkage rate3. Of Lower melting temperature (nearly
1150oC)4. Owns strength properties similar to type III
gold alloys
Nickel-Chromium alloys
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Applications:1. All-metallic restorations2. Metal-ceramic restorations3. RPD Frame works
Composition:• CP Titanium: pure metal has the ability to form
passive surface oxide layer in no time• The metal could also be alloyed with Aluminum
and vanadium (Ti.6Al.4V)
Color: Silver white
CP Titanium & Titanium alloys
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Characters:1. Difficult to be cast because of low density and
high fusion temperature and high reactivity with the surrounding environment (Air & investment material)
2. Titanium cast is usually porous, so special casting equipments are required
3. Blocks of CP Ti or Ti-alloys could be milled into inlays or crowns using the CAD-CAM or copy milling technologies
CP Titanium & Titanium alloys