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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
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Nisqually Chinook Recovery Plan Annual Review – Habitat Strategy and Actions
Florian LeischnerRestoration Biologist – Nisqually Indian Tribe
Nisqually Wildlife RefugeFebruary 8, 2011
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Chinook Habitat Recovery Strategy•Based on Ecosystem Diagnosis und Treatment (EDT)
model results that compares current with historic habitat conditions for a fully fit population
•Defined by stream reaches and priorities for restoration and protection
•Historically focused on Estuary Restoration-Mainstem Protection -Mashel and Ohop Restoration
•Modified in 2010 to be more specific and include Steelhead Trout
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
2010 Update3
Restoration Preservation
Steelhead ChinookChnk and Sthd
combined Steelhead Chinook
Chnk and Sthd
combined
Rank ReachBenefit category
Combined Rank
% combined
Benefit category
Combined Rank % combined % change Rank Reach
Benefit category
Combined Rank
% combined
Benefit category
Combined Rank
% combined % change
1 Nisqually1-Estuary A 2 0.130 A 1 0.272 40.21% Tier 1 1 Nisqually1-Estuary A 1 -57.49%A 1 -89.28% -146.77%
Tier 1
2 Centralia Diversion Dam A 4 0.096 A 2 0.141 23.68%
Tier 2
2 Nisqually3.2-Whitewater A 2 -31.48%A 3 -59.67% -91.15%
3 Nisqually2a-LowerReach A 11 0.035 A 4 0.181 21.60% 3 Nisqually2B.2-LowerReach A 4 -17.54%A 2 -66.04% -83.57%
4 S Pug Snd-a D 49 0.008 A 3 0.172 18.00% 4 Nisqually2B.1-LowerReach A 12 -7.09%A 4 -56.98% -64.08%
5 Ohop Cr-1_A C 43 0.075 C 21 0.083 15.85% 5 Nisqually2B.4-LowerReach A 6 -17.08%A 6 -28.60% -45.67%
6 Middle Mashel R-1 A 1 0.121 B 14 0.030 15.10% 6 Nisqually2a-LowerReach C 44 -1.45%A 10 -36.25% -37.70%
7 Lower Mashel-B A 3 0.102 A 10 0.044 14.62% 7 Lower Mashel-A_A B 16 -15.21%B 12 -20.29% -35.50%
8 Lower Mashel-A_A A 7 0.107 B 13 0.028 13.51% 8 Nisqually5.1-Wilcox A 3 -16.09%A 7 -18.37% -34.46%
9 Cent PSW-a B 16 0.020 A 5 0.104 12.47% 9 Nisqually6.2-MiddleReach A 4 -18.22%A 9 -15.72% -33.95%
10 Cent PSE-a A 15 0.026 A 6 0.081 10.70%
Tier 3
10 Nisqually3.3-Whitewater A 9 -9.43%A 5 -21.55% -30.98%
11 Busy Wild Cr-1 A 9 0.076 B 15 0.030 10.58% 11 Nisqually2B.3-LowerReach A 14 -9.10%B 11 -21.09% -30.19%
12 Middle Mashel R-2 A 5 0.083 C 22 0.021 10.33% 12 Nisqually6.3-MiddleReach A 7 -13.33%A 8 -15.66% -28.99%
Tier 2
13 Commencement Bay NA 0.000 B 15 0.077 7.67% 13 Middle Mashel R-1 B 20 -9.65%B 15 -16.37% -26.02%
15 Nisq Bay D 60 0.005 A 7 0.052 5.75% 14 Nisqually5.3-Wilcox A 10 -9.25%B 13 -11.80% -21.05%
16 E Strait B 21 0.018 A 8 0.036 5.35% 15 Middle Mashel R-2 B 22 -7.95%B 16 -10.82% -18.77%
17 Muck-4A Upper Reach A 12 0.050 NA 0.000 4.95% 16 Nisqually4.1-Mckenna B 24 -6.30%B 14 -10.60% -16.90%
18 Muck-4SFA_a Upper Reach A 6 0.046 NA 0.000 4.56% 17 Lower Mashel-B B 28 -4.58%B 20 -8.40% -12.98%
19 Nisqually3.2-Whitewater B 19 0.026 C 24 0.019 4.50% 18 Nisqually3.1-Whitewater B 18 -6.30%B 18 -6.67% -12.97%
20 Cent PSW-d B 17 0.018 B 12 0.026 4.36% 19 Nisqually6.1-MiddleReach B 17 -5.49%B 16 -6.94% -12.43%
21 Cent PSE-d D 50 0.007 A 9 0.034 4.08% 20 Yelm Cr B 19 -5.66%B 19 -6.66% -12.31%
22 Tanwax Cr-3_b B 26 0.041 NA 0.000 4.06% 21 Tanwax Cr-1 B 27 -5.31%C 22 -6.46% -11.77%
Tier 3
23 Busy Wild Cr-2 A 10 0.040 NA 0.000 4.00% 22 Busy Wild Cr-1 B 25 -6.69%C 23 -5.01% -11.71%
24 Nisqually4.1-Mckenna A 14 0.027 E 44 0.011 3.80% 23 Muck-1A Canyon A 8 -11.38% 0.00% -11.38%
26 Kalama Hatchery Weir A 8 0.036 NA 0.000 3.57% 24 Nisqually7A-UpperReach A 15 -5.49%B 20 -5.42% -10.91%
27 Cent PSE-b 0.000 B 11 0.034 3.40% 25 Nisqually7B-UpperReach A 13 -7.33%C 30 -2.27% -9.60%
28 Cent PSW-b C 33 0.011 B 15 0.022 3.34% 26 Muck-4SFA_a Upper Reach B 25 -8.78% 0.00% -8.78%
29 Muck-1B Canyon A 13 0.033 NA 0.000 3.26% 27 Muck-1B Canyon A 11 -8.77% 0.00% -8.77%
30 Muck-1A Canyon B 28 0.030 NA 0.000 3.03% 28 Toboton Cr-1 B 23 -3.73%C 28 -2.65% -6.38%
29 Twentyfive Mile Cr B 28 -2.91%C 25 -3.36% -6.27%
30 Nisqually4.2-Mckenna B 30 -2.94%C 26 -3.10% -6.04%
31 Tanwax Cr-2 B 21 -5.48% 0.00% -5.48%
32 Powell Cr-1a C 31 -3.36%D 33 -1.92% -5.28%
33 Nisqually5.2-Wilcox C 35 -2.64%D 31 -2.19% -4.83%
34 Ohop Cr-1_B E 61 -0.88%C 23 -3.94% -4.82%
35 Lynch Cr C 40 -2.26%D 37 -1.81% -4.07%
36 Lower Mashel-A_B C 44 -1.57%D 35 -1.98% -3.55%
37 Powell Cr-1b C 33 -2.30%D 39 -1.23% -3.53%
38 Little Mashel R D 50 -1.23%D 32 -2.09% -3.32%
39 Lacamas Cr_a C 39 -3.24% 0.00% -3.24%
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Restoration
Steelhead Chinook
Chnk and Sthd
combined
Rank ReachBenefit
categoryCombined
Rank%
combinedBenefit
categoryCombined
Rank%
combined % change
1 Nisqually1-Estuary A 2 0.130 A 1 0.272 40.21%Tier 1
2 Centralia Diversion Dam A 4 0.096 A 2 0.141 23.68%
Tier 2
3 Nisqually2a-LowerReach A 11 0.035 A 4 0.181 21.60%
4 S Pug Snd-a D 49 0.008 A 3 0.172 18.00%
5 Ohop Cr-1_A C 43 0.075 C 21 0.083 15.85%
6 Middle Mashel R-1 A 1 0.121 B 14 0.030 15.10%
7 Lower Mashel-B A 3 0.102 A 10 0.044 14.62%
8 Lower Mashel-A_A A 7 0.107 B 13 0.028 13.51%
9 Cent PSW-a B 16 0.020 A 5 0.104 12.47%
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
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Nisqually1-Estuary
Centralia Diversion Dam
Nisqually2a-LowerReach
S Pug Snd-a
Ohop Cr-1_A
Middle Mashel R-1
Lower Mashel-B
Lower Mashel-A_A
Cent PSW-a
Restoration prioritiesSteelhead Chinook
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
2010 Update6
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Preservation
Steelhead Chinook
Chnk and Sthd
combined
Rank ReachBenefit
categoryCombined
Rank%
combinedBenefit
categoryCombined
Rank%
combined % change
1 Nisqually1-Estuary A 1 -57.49% A 1 -89.28% -146.77%
Tier 1
2 Nisqually3.2-Whitewater A 2 -31.48% A 3 -59.67% -91.15%3 Nisqually2B.2-LowerReach A 4 -17.54% A 2 -66.04% -83.57%4 Nisqually2B.1-LowerReach A 12 -7.09% A 4 -56.98% -64.08%5 Nisqually2B.4-LowerReach A 6 -17.08% A 6 -28.60% -45.67%6 Nisqually2a-LowerReach C 44 -1.45% A 10 -36.25% -37.70%7 Lower Mashel-A_A B 16 -15.21% B 12 -20.29% -35.50%8 Nisqually5.1-Wilcox A 3 -16.09% A 7 -18.37% -34.46%9 Nisqually6.2-MiddleReach A 4 -18.22% A 9 -15.72% -33.95%
10 Nisqually3.3-Whitewater A 9 -9.43% A 5 -21.55% -30.98%
11 Nisqually2B.3-LowerReach A 14 -9.10% B 11 -21.09% -30.19%
12 Nisqually6.3-MiddleReach A 7 -13.33% A 8 -15.66% -28.99%
Tier 2
13 Middle Mashel R-1 B 20 -9.65% B 15 -16.37% -26.02%14 Nisqually5.3-Wilcox A 10 -9.25% B 13 -11.80% -21.05%15 Middle Mashel R-2 B 22 -7.95% B 16 -10.82% -18.77%16 Nisqually4.1-Mckenna B 24 -6.30% B 14 -10.60% -16.90%17 Lower Mashel-B B 28 -4.58% B 20 -8.40% -12.98%18 Nisqually3.1-Whitewater B 18 -6.30% B 18 -6.67% -12.97%19 Nisqually6.1-MiddleReach B 17 -5.49% B 16 -6.94% -12.43%20 Yelm Cr B 19 -5.66% B 19 -6.66% -12.31%
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
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Nisqually1-Estuary
Nisqually3.2-Whitewater
Nisqually2B.2-LowerReach
Nisqually2B.1-LowerReach
Nisqually2B.4-LowerReach
Nisqually2a-LowerReach
Lower Mashel-A_A
Nisqually5.1-Wilcox
Nisqually6.2-MiddleReach
Nisqually3.3-Whitewater
Nisqually2B.3-LowerReach
Nisqually6.3-MiddleReach
Middle Mashel R-1
Nisqually5.3-Wilcox
Middle Mashel R-2
Nisqually4.1-Mckenna
Lower Mashel-B
Nisqually3.1-Whitewater
Nisqually6.1-MiddleReach
Yelm Cr
Preservation prioritiesSteelhead Chinook
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
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2010 Update
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Chinook Habitat Recovery StrategyPriorities
•Estuary Restoration and Protection•Mainstem Protection•South and Central Sound Nearshore Restoration• Lower Nisqually Restoration (I-5 to Riverbend)•Mashel Restoration and Protection•Ohop Restoration•* Centralia City Light Dam Passage
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Estuary Restoration and Protection – •Nisqually Chinook is mostly estuary rearing population •Carrying capacity limitations (lost historic capacity)•Doubling in natural Chinook production can be
achieved after restoration • Lose large part of the population if estuary would be
degraded
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Habitat Recovery Strategy Priorities –assumption and problems
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Mainstem Protection•Mainstem spawner – core population, •Good habitat throughout mainstem • Large areas in lower Nisqually and some areas
in“upper” Nisqually are protected, •Middle Nisqually is largely unprotected•Tacoma dams effect on mainstem is mostly negligible
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Habitat Recovery Strategy Priorities –assumption and problems
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
South and Central Sound Nearshore Restoration•Wide-spread degradation due to shore
encroachment •EDT model is weak in this area•Recognize that these are large areas
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Habitat Recovery Strategy Priorities –assumption and problems
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Lower Nisqually Restoration (upstream of I-5 to Riverbend campground)
•Nearly all Chinook use this reach twice in their life•Along Thurston Co. shoreline: heavy bank hardening,
lack of riparian, low wood
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Habitat Recovery Strategy Priorities –assumption and problems
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Mashel River Restoration and Protection•Mashel River Chinook is a secondary population•Historic high steelhead usage (based on EDT habitat model)• Lower Mashel and some upper areas includes good habitat•Suffers from legacy effects from decades of heavy logging,
effecting stream sediment, water and wood loading. Most of the basin is still in commercial forestry production
•Water quantity and quality also major limiting factor
15Habitat Recovery Strategy Priorities –assumption and problems
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Ohop Restoration•Secondary Population, with some spawning•Most benefit derived from lower valley rearing and
refuge habitat; life history benefits for both species•4 miles of ditched creek and 450 acres cleared land• Lost 1/3 of upper watershed to Puyallup
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Habitat Recovery Strategy Priorities –assumption and problems
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Centralia City Light Dam•At RM 26.2 –fish ladder and canal juvenile by-pass
structure•No studies on effects on adult upstream and juvenile
downstream fish passage •For model we used professional judgment for
passage and delay
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Habitat Recovery Strategy Priorities –assumption and problems
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas2001 to 2010
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Estuary Restoration and Protection Red Salmon Slough Restoration
1996 – 2011: in 3 dike removal projects and 2 re-vegetation projects restored tidal access to over 150 acres, upstream fish access to additional 40 acres of wetland, and 60 acres of surge plain forests.
Nisqually Wildlife Restoration2010: 5 mile loop dike removal restored tidal access to 760 acre (incl. surge plain)
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September 1997
Source: USFWS
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Summer 2006
Source: NAIP
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Summer 2009
Source: Thurston County
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December 2009
Source: USGS
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Estuary Restoration and ProtectionMonitoring results:
•Dikes gone – water comes
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Estuary Restoration and ProtectionMonitoring results:
•Dikes gone – water comes•Water comes – stuff comes and stuff changes
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Summer 2006
Source: NAIP
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Summer 2009
Source: Thurston County
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December 2009
Source: USGS
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March 2010
Source: USGS
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Estuary Restoration and ProtectionMonitoring results:
•Dikes gone – water comes•Water comes – stuff comes and stuff changes•Stuff changes – critters like it
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Phase 1 Unmarked Chinook
Post-Restoration Channel Use by Salmon: Opportunity Assessment
Phase 2 Unmarked Chinook
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Post-Restoration Invertebrate Composition and Abundance: Capacity Assessment
Phase 1 2005 Fallout Trap Composition Phase 1 2004 and 2005 Chinook Diet Composition The Phase 1 sampled
invertebrate community composition is 68% similar to the unmarked Chinook diet composition and 88% similar to the hatchery Chinook diet composition.
Post-Restoration Chinook Salmon Diet Composition: Realized Function Assessment
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Estuary Restoration and ProtectionMonitoring results:
•Dikes gone – water comes Opportunity•Water comes – stuff comes and stuff changes
Capacity •Stuff changes – critters like it Realized Function
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas Mainstem Protection From 2001 to 2010: Protection increased from 63% to 74% (conservation ownership of streambanks) Increased is mostly due to on-going Nisqually Land Trust protection
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas Nearshore
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas Nearshore :
•3 Nearshore assessments covering:▫Nisqually Reach / Thurston County shoreline▫Point Defiance to Nisqually▫Kitsap/Key Peninsula and Island
•Beachcrest Pocket estuary restoration •Devil’s Head Shoreline protection
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas Lower Nisqually
• Lower Nisqually River Restoration Project: Concept Design Alternatives (completed 2008)
•Actively seeking funding for 2 projects identified
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas Ohop Creek
•Ohop Valley Restoration Plan to restore 450 acres of lower Ohop valley floodplain and 4 mile or ditched creek in 3 phases.
•Completed Phase 1 in 2010 and restored one mile of creek.
• In process to restore 90 acres of floodplain.
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas Mashel River -Restoration
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• Lower Mashel Restoration Project (completed 2004):
7 log jams near mouth• Eatonville Mashel Restoration Project Phase 1
(completed 2007): 12 log jams, side-channel creation and bank hardening removal
• Eatonville Mashel Restoration Project Phase 2 (completed 2010): 23 log jams, side-channel creation activation and bank hardening removal
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas Mashel River - Monitoring
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2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.5
Treatment RPs
Non-treatment RP's
Coho
den
sity
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Accomplishments in Priority Areas Mashel River - Protection
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• Lower Mashel @ Hwy 7: 1.3 miles (right bank)
• Boxcar canyon properties: 0.5 miles of river (left bank)
• Van Eaton / Little Mashel Confluence: 0.4 miles of river (both banks)
• Smallwood Park extension 0.2 miles (one bank)
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Examples of implication of monitoring…on strategy•Validate estuary assumptions of mostly estuary-
rearing population; ▫Estuary fish assessment shows extended rearing
…and future projects •Mashel Log jam size▫2004 project versus 2006 and later projects
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Locally Adapted Chinook abundance –potential for fully fit population
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-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Locally adapted
Abu
ndan
ce
HistoricRecovery PlanCurrent 2010Baseline 2009Baseline 2001
Restoration Potential
Habitat Restoration2001 to 2010
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Hatchery dominated Chinook abundance(*before harvest)
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-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Locally adapted Hatchery dominated
Abu
ndan
ce
Recovery Plan
Current 2010
Baseline 2009
Baseline 2001
Unrealized Potential
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Nisqually Chinook Annual Review
Questions?
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