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2012 Storage Developer Conference. © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
NFSv4.1 Architecture and Tradeoffs in Windows Server 2012
Roopesh Battepati Principal Development Lead
Mike Johnson
Senior Developer
Microsoft Corporation
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2012 Storage Developer Conference. © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
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What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012?
3
New RPC/XDR Implementation Winsock Kernel Based Auto-tuned
Flexible User Account Mapping Support passwd/group file mapping
New Powershell Support for User Identity Store Management: Active Directory ADLDS
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What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012?
4
NFS v4.1 Server Compliant with Mandatory Aspects of RFC
5661 Supports Volume Mount Points No Support for: ACL’s Delegations Migration & Replication pNFS RDMA Other Optional Aspects of RFC 5661
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What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012?
5
Continuous Availability New NFS Server Architecture for seamless
integration with Windows Failover Clustering RPCSEC_GSS Added Kerberos Privacy (Krb5p) support to
existing krb5 and krb5i Central NFS Team Blog http://aka.ms/nfs
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2012 Storage Developer Conference. © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
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2012 Storage Developer Conference. © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Windows NFS Server Architecture
NFS Server
NFS Filter
RPCXDR
Portmap
Winsock Kernel
Security Subsystem
IO Manager
Filter Manager
NTFS
Storage Stack
NFS v2/v3/v4.1 NLM NSM MOUNT UNMP NIS
NFS Service
Identity Mapping
Store
Windows Failover Cluster
NFS Cluster
Resource NFS CIM Provider
NFS Powershell Cmdlets
NFS Admin CL
or UI
Kernel Mode User Mode
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New RPC-XDR Transport Layer
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Enhancements Benefits
• Powered by new gen networking stack • TDI to WinSock (WSK) Infrastructure • Both Server for NFS & Client for NFS
• Better scalability • Better support (TDI is deprecated) • Receive Side Scaling (RSS)
• RPC Port Multiplexer • NFS, NLM, NSM, MOUNT all traffic on 2049
• Ease of deployment • Firewall friendliness - less ports to
manage
• Auto tuned caches & thread pools • Dynamic resource management
• Out of the box performance & scale • Less tuning tasks • Remove guess work for admins
• Dynamic endpoints with per interface registration
• PNP notification for network interfaces
• Faster failovers
• New Kerberos Privacy Implementation • Authentication options (KRB5, KRB5i &
KRB5p)
• Secure deployments
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2012 Storage Developer Conference. © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
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RFC tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server
Post-op attributes are not atomic RFC requires post-op attributes to be atomic Windows has no support NFS Server approximates…
Open Upgrade/Downgrade Windows doesn’t have such support NFS tries to open a new handle before
closing the old handle Handle that NFS Server uses might have
more permission than needed
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RFC tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server
Lock Upgrade/Downgrade Optional RFC feature – no support in
Windows Partial Unlock Windows Byte Range Lock doesn’t support
partial unlock We approximate by releasing the current lock
and relocking the remaining range Serialized within NFS 4.1 access, but runs the
risk with other local app or SMB access. 11
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RFC tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server
Anonymous stateid NFS Server always opens a file system
handle for a request using anonymous stateid Performance degradation expected when
NFS Clients send too many requests using anonymous stateids
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RFC tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server
Lease Management Expired leases are revoked lazily Conflicting requests revoke expired stateids Idle sessions revoked by session inactivity
timer
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RFC tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server
Delete/Rename on Windows Name doesn’t go away from namespace until
all handles are closed Different from *NIX where name disappears
from namespace immediately following the operation regardless of open handles
Rename on directories allowed only when there are no outstanding opens on all files within the directory tree
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RFC tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server File Handle Size Fixed 32 byte handles for NFS v2/v3 Variable size for v4.1 Some NFS Clients have difficulty in handling
file handles greater than 56 bytes Volume Mount Points RFC and NFS Client implementations assume
that a directory can have exactly one parent A volume can be mounted on more than one
location in Windows
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2012 Storage Developer Conference. © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
16
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User Account Mapping – What’s New?
Passwd and Group File Mapping Unix style passwd and group file
%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\passwd %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\group
Comprehensive Powershell and UI support for identity mapping store setup and configuration New Server Manager UI 40+ NFS Powershell cmdlets
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User Account Mapping- PowerShell Cmdlets Configure Identity Mapping Store
Set-NfsMappingStore Get-NfsMappingStore Install-NfsMappingStore Test-NfsMappingStore
Provision User Accounts Set-NfsMappedIdentity Get-NfsMappedIdentity New-NfsMappedIdentity Remove-NfsMappedIdentity
Check/Validate User Accounts Resolve-NfsMappedIdentity Test-NfsMappedIdentity 18
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User Account Mapping - Demo
Scenario - Migrate Account Mapping Information from File Mapping to ADLDS Mapping Store Existing Passwd and Group files Install ADLDS Role and Provision ADLDS
Instance Migrate Mapping Information from Passwd
and Group Files using Get-NfsMappedIdentity and New-NfsMappedIdentity PowerShell cmdlets
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Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
20
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Pseudo File System
A separation between virtual and physical namespace
Read-only FS from NFS Client’s point of view Real FS can be attached at any layer Admin provides an alias for exports. NFS Server
infers PFS from it Back compatible with NFS v2 and v3 Volume snapshots are a special case for the
PseudoFS
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Pseudo File System - Example
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/
docs
Personal [c:\users\tom]
Development [c:\dev]
Data [c:\data]
Project [d:\project]
/data = c:\data /data/project = d:\project /docs/personal = c:\users\tom /docs/development = c:\dev
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Pseudo File System - Snapshots
VSS snapshots available via NFS Server Each VSS snapshot is exposed as a new FS NFS Server automatically discovers newly
available VSS snapshots Namespace is constructed via predefined rules In NFS v2/v3, snapshots are presented as
hidden directories at the root of the NFS mount point
In NFS v4.1, snapshots are presented at the terminal node inside PFS and all the Volume Mount Point transition points
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Pseudo File System - Demo
Demo
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Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
25
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Volume Mount Points
Special Windows FS object (directory) which is used to provide entry point to other volumes
Windows NFS v2/v3 implementation don’t support VMPs – no crossing FS boundary!
Windows NFS v4.1 implementation supports VMP’s Can export more than 26 volumes!
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Volume Mount Points - Challenges
A volume can be mounted in multiple place inside PFS
Problem with LOOKUPP A volume can be mounted at multiple places
which means that there is no reliable way to find the parent
Limited FH size – unless we can encode all the ancestor FS id for an object, we cannot go across the VMP upward
An object in the namespace could have multiple different FH’s depending on path taken to the object
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Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
28
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Supported File Systems
NTFS and NTFS-like file systems FILE_UNICODE_ON_DISK FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS FILE_SUPPORTS_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID FILE_SUPPORTS_REPARSE_POINTS FILE_LINKS_INFORMATION
No Support for ReFS 128 bit FileId in ReFs NFS RFC’s allow max fileid size of 64 bits
No Support for CsvFs/FAT/FAT32/CDFS 29
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Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
30
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Diagnostics – Event Tracing for Windows (ETW) Events Event Channels (Eventvwr path Applications &
Service/Microsoft/Windows/ServicesForNFS-Server)
Admin IdentityMapping Operational Analytic
End to End Tracing Support Activity ID Enables Analytics/Performance Tracing
across the kernel Analyze with Netmon or custom tools
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Diagnostics - Performance Counters
Server for NFS-NFSv4 Statistics Server for NFS-Netgroup Server for NFS-User Mapping Server for NFS-NFSv4 Read Write Statistics Server for NFS-NFSv4 Request/Response Sizes Server for NFS-NFSv4 Throughput Server for NFS- NFSv4 Operation Statistics Server for NFS - Session and Connection
Statistics
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Diagnostics - Demo
NFS Server with exports Start ETW tracing Mount share from NFS Client and enumerate
files and perform file copy Stop ETW trace and analyze events with
NetMon
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Agenda
What’s new in NFS in Windows Server 2012? High Level Windows NFS Server Architecture RFC Tradeoffs in Windows NFS Server User Account Mapping Pseudo File System Volume Mount Points Supported File Systems Diagnostics Q & A
34
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THANK YOU!
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