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NobuchikaOkada
UniversityofAlabama
NewPhysicsModelsandDarkMa;erPar<cles
2010DUSELPHYSICSWORKSHOP@SDSMT,Oct.1‐3,2010
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Introduc<on
ExistenceofDarkMaKerhasbeenestablished!
WilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe(WMAP)satellitehasestablishedtheenergybudgetofthepresentUniversewithagreataccuracy
DarkMaKerparVcle:non‐baryonicelectricchargeneutral(quasi)stable
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ToclarifytheidenVtyoftheDMparVcleissVllaprimeopenquesVoninparVclephysicsandcosmology
WIMP(WeaklyInteracVngMassiveParVcle)
Non‐WIMP/super‐WIMP
InteractwithSMparVclesthermalequilibrium
NocandidateforDMintheSMNeedNewPhysicsbeyondtheSMwhichnaturallyincorporateDMparVcle
DarkMaKerParVcle
VeryweaklyInteractwithSMparVclesCannotbeinthermalequilibrium
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WIMP(WeaklyInteracVngMassiveParVcle)
InteractwithSMparVclesthermalequilibriumDMasthermalrelic
Time
Temp.
high
low
InflaVon?
ReheaVngalltheparVclesareinthermalequilibrium
BigBangNucleosynthesis
Equalepoch
MaKerdominatedera
RadiaVondominatedera
DecouplingofDarkMaKer
WIMPisinthermalequilibrium
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BoltzmannequaVon
:averageofannihilaVoncrosssecVon
RelicabundanceofWIMPisdeterminedbysolvingBoltzmannEq.
DMrelicabundanceisinsensiVvetothehistoryoftheearlyuniversebeforethefreeze‐outVmeofthedarkmaKer
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1 100 1000 10
Freeze-out
Increasing 〈σv 〉
x =m/T (time)
equilibrium After freeze-out
g=0.1–1
m=10GeV–1TeVfor
WIMPdarkmaKermassliesaroundtheweakscale
SolvingBoltzmanneq.
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Non‐WIMP/super‐WIMP
VeryweaklyInteracVngwithSMparVclesCannotbeinthermalequilibrium
Relicabundanceofnon‐WIMP?
Non‐WIMPproducVonofthermalplasma
Highlydependsonthermalhistoryoftheuniverse
Non‐thermalproducVonviadecayofotherparVcles
Late‐Vmedecay:
Dangerousforbigbangnucleosynthesis(BBN)
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WIMPdarkma;erhypothesis
WIMPsareamongthebestmoVvatedclassesofcandidatesforthedarkmaKer
TherehavebeenmanyNewPhysicsModelsproposedwhichnaturallypredictWIMPdarkmaKer
SM+Singletscalar,SUSY,UED,Li;leHiggswithT‐parityetc.
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Inves<ga<ngthenatureofDarkMa;er
ColliderPhysics(LHC,ILC,…)
ProducingDMparVclesatcollidersandmeasureDMproperVesmass,couplingswithSMparVcles,spin,etc.
DirectdetecVonofDM AvarietyofexperimentshasbeencarriedouttodirectlydetectdarkmaKerparVclethroughitselasVcscaKeringoffanucleon
nucleon
detector
DMunderground
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cosmicraysoriginaVngfromDMpairannihilaVons/DMrate‐Vmedecayinthehaloassociatedwithourgalaxy,sun,…
IndirectdetecVonofDM
Sun
Halo
Sun
DM
DM
Earth
Cosmic‐ray
Manyexperiments:
HEAT,PAMELA,ATIC,PPB‐BETS,Fermi‐LAT
HESS,MAGIC,EGRET,Fermi‐GLAST
Super‐K,IceCube
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ModelsforWIMPDM
DMcandidatestable&electricchargeneutral
Parity
odd1 0AllSMfieldsareparity‐even
(1)SMsinglet
Parity odd
DM candidate
DMhastheweakinteracVon
isaccompaniedbysomechargedparVclesinthemulVplet
whosemassesareofthesameorder
(2)SMmulVplets
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singletscalarDM
Parity
odd1 0
Addaparity‐oddsinglet(real)scalartotheSM
InteracVonsbetweenWIMPDMandSMparVcles
writeaslowdimensionalinteracVonsaspossible
Candidatesfor:
…dim4OP
dim2OP
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DarkmaKercouplestoHiggsbilinearOPHiggsportalscenario
Lagrangian
AierEWsymmetrybreaking
Only3freeparametersareinvolvedinDMphys.
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RelicabundanceofthedarkmaKer
SolvetheBoltzmannequaVonwithfreeparametersofthemodel
AnnihilaVonprocesses:
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2freeparameters:
Higgsmass120GeV
GeV
Higgspole
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EffecVveinteracVonsofthedarkmaKerswithgluonandquarks
Formomentumtransfer<<Higgsmass
ConstraintfromdirectdetecVonexperiment
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Xenon10+CDMSII
SuperCDMS
Infuture,DMmassisalmostdeterminedifallowed
Higgsmass120GeV
Kenemura,Matsumoto,Nabeshima,N.O.PRD82,055026(2010)
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ImpactsonHiggsbosonsearch@LHC
CurrentHiggsbosonmassbound:
Higgsmass<160GeVseemsfavorable
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BranchingfracVons
ForHiggsmass<150GeV,hboKomquarksdominateseventhoughthecouplingisquitesmall
IfthedarkmaKerislight,HiggsbosoncandecayintoapairofdarkmaKersandthisbranchingraVocanbesizable
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InvisibledecaydominatesforForHiggsmass120GeV
HiggsinvisibledecayalongWMAPallowedregion
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HiggsbosonsearchatLHC
HiggsbosonproducVondominantlybygluonfusion,
followedbyweekbosonfusion
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DiscoverypotenValofinvisibleHiggsbosonatLHC
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h q q’
W+ W‐
measured
measured
Measureforward‐backwardjets
MissingETassociatedwithHiggsbosonproducVonanditsinvisibledecaysintoaDMpair
Higgswithcanbediscovered
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Kenemura,Matsumoto,Nabeshima,N.O.,PRD82,055026(2010)Combiningall
Cyanregioniscorrespondingto“posiVvesignal”ofdarkmaKerparVclereportedbytheCDMSIIexperiment.Thisregiononlyappearsat1‐sigmaC.L.
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SUSYalternaVve,butsimilarstructure
NoquadraVcdivergence@1‐looplevel
QuadraVcdivergenceiscancelled
byLiKleHiggsPartnercontribuVons
Arkani‐hamed,Sohen,Georgi,Nelson,Katz,Gregoile,Wacker,2002LiKleHiggsModel
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LiKleHiggsModel
quark,lepton(1/2)heavyquark,heavylepton(1/2)
gaugeboson(1)heavygaugeboson(1)
Higgs(0)heavyHiggs(0)
SMparVcles LHpartners
heavy``Photon’’becomesstable
DMcandidate!
T‐parity:evenodd
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RelicdensitycalculaVon
MainannihilaVonprocesses:
WMAPallowedregion
Asano,Matsumoto,N.O.&Okada
PRD75203506(2007)
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DirectDetecVonExperiment
Birkedal,Noble,Prelstein&Spray,PRD74:035002,2006
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Xenon10+CDMSII
SuperCDMS
Higgsmass120GeV
AnalogoustothesingletscalarDM
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Sun
Annihilation
e+
Halo
e+
Cosmic positron flux from DM pair annihilations
Solve diffusion equations
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TheseregionsareaccessibletoPAMELA
PredicVonforcosmic‐raypositronflux
(beforePAMELAresults)
PAMELAresultswerereleasedonOct.,2008
Muchbiggerexcessofcosmic‐raypositronflux!
Asano,Matsumoto,N.O.&Okada
PRD75203506(2007)
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Recenthottopic:cosmic‐raye+/e‐excesses
ThePAMELAexperimenthasreportedasignificantpositronexcessovertheexpectedbackgroundwithoutacorrespondingincreaseinthefluxofanV‐protons!Adrianietal.,Nature458,(2009)607
Positronexcess
Expected
SolaracVvity
Expected
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UniversalExtraDimension(UED)
ExtradimensionmodelwithSMparVclesinbulk
Onlythreemodelparameters:
KKmodesofSMparVcles:
masssplixngbyEWcorrecVons
Specialsymmetry:KKparitylightestKKparVcle(LKP)isstable
DarkMaKercandidate
SMcouplingswithKKparityselecVonrule:
totalKKnumbershouldbeEVEN
SM(even) 1stKK
(odd)
2ndKK(even)
Appelquist,Cheng&Dobrescu,
PRD64,035002(2001)
SM
5DSM
5thdimiscompacVfiedon
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1‐loopcorrected1stKKmodemassspectrum
DMcandidate
1stKKmodemassspectrumisverysimilartoMSSM
SparVcles1stKKmodes
SpinsofcorrespondingparVclesaredifferent
Cheng,Matchev&Schmaltz,
PRD66,056006(2002)
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KinemaVcsissimilarSUSYorUED?difficult@LHC
ILCdiscriminateSUSYorUED
Processes:
in UED
in SUSY
Missing
Comparisonof
with
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Relicabundance Kakizaki,Matsumoto&Senami,PRD7523504,2006
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Direct&IndirectdetecVons
nucleon
detector
DMunderground
Sun
DM
DM
Earth
IceCubeExperiment
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Flacke,Menon,Hooper&Freese,arXiv:0908.0899[hep‐ph]
LimitsfromIceCubearestrongerthanthosefromdirectDMdetecVonexperiments
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Summary
ExistenceofDMhasbeenestablished
SMshouldbeextendedtoincorporateDMparVcle
WIMPDMisthemostpromisingcandidate
TherehavebeenmanyproposalsforextensionofSMSUSY,UED,LiKleHiggs,singletDMmodel,etc…
ToclarifytheidenVtyofDMissVllaprimeopenprobleminparVclephysicsandcosmology
Combiningallknowledgeobtainedbytheories,colliderexperiments,direct&indirectdetecVonofDMexperimentsmayrevealtheDMproperVesinnearfuture