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The Livebearers of Teuchitlán Springs Thru the Ages: A Biological, Cultural, and Recreational History of
Ameca splendens, Skiffia francesae, and Zoogoneticus tequila
John Lyons, Ph.D. North American Goodeid Working Group
University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum
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Teuchitlán Springs,
Jalisco
Mexico City
Guadalajara Puerto Vallarta
Where Are We?
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We Begin 20 Million Years Ago…
Tequila Volcano
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Popocatepetl Volcano March 2016
March 2013
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Manantial Teuchitlán = Teuchitlán Springs Slightly Thermal – 74-85oF
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They give rise to the Río Teuchitlán; Headwaters of the Río Ameca
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Perched above Teuchitlán Springs, in the shadow of the Tequila Volcano:
Guachimontones (200 BCE - 900 CE)
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Guachimontones (unrestored)
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Guachimontones (restored)
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Guachimontones (recreated)
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“Voladores”
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Guachimontones 300 CE = 40,000 people Teuchitlán 2015 CE = 8,500 people
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Teotihuacán, Valley of Mexico 350 CE = 100,000 people (?)
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Palenque, Chiapas 600 CE = 50,000 people
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Guachimontones
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Guachimontones ~900 CE - Collapse
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Spanish Colonial Era - 1550-1910: Haciendas
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Blue Agave
Corn Field
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¡Tequila!
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Tequila Production
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Why is Teuchitlán of Interest to Aquarists?
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Dr. Robert R. Miller (1916-2003)
Collected in Mexico from late 1940’s until early 1980’s
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Miller first visited Teuchitlán in 1955…. MINNOWS (Cyprinidae) Algansea amecae* 104 Notropis amecae* 21 Yuriria amatlana* 2 LIVEBEARERS (Poeciliidae) Poeciliopsis infans 136 SPLITFINS (Goodeidae) Ameca splendens* 200 Goodea atripinnis 89 Skiffia francesae* 57 Xenotoca melanosoma 72 Zoogoneticus purepechus* 45 Zoogoneticus tequila* 3 * Unknown to science at the time
[In 1955] “It is heavily utilized for irrigation, drinking water, and washing with much pollution by man and livestock” but “Fishes were extraordinarily prolific…” (Miller and Fitzsimons 1971, p. 9)
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Miller and his students described at least 54 new species of Mexican fishes, including:
Miller, R. R. & J. M. Fitzsimons. 1971. Ameca splendens, a new genus and species of Goodeid fish from western Mexico, with remarks on the classification of the Goodeidae. Copeia 1971: 1-13.
Kingston, D. I. 1978. Skiffia francesae, a new species of Goodeid fish from western Mexico. Copeia 1978: 503-508. (Kingston [maiden name Lyons, but no relation] was a Miller student and named the fish after Frances Miller, his wife.)
Webb, S. A. & R. R. Miller. 1998. Zoogoneticus tequila, a new Goodeid fish (Cyprinodontiformes) from the Ameca drainage of Mexico, and a rediagnosis of the genus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. 725:1-23. (Named after the volcano, not the liquor!)
But Miller noticed Z. tequila only after recognized by Derek Lambert
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Miller 1955 464 Goodeids
Lyons 2015 83 Goodeids
Last Seen 1977
Last Seen 1976
Last Seen 2008
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The Bane of Teuchitlán Goodeids:
Non-Native Species
Tilapia (Oreochromis species)
Guppies and Mollies
(Poecilia species)
Platyfish and Swordtails
(Xiphophorus species) Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
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No Non-Native Species until 1976 Now 85% of Fish, 64% of Species
11 Native Species 0 Non-Native
4 Native Species 7 Non-Native
Total Fish Total Fish
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Skiffia francesae and Zoogoneticus tequila
EXTINCT IN THE WILD Persist Only Because of a Few Dedicated Hobbyists
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How A. splendens, S. francesae, & Z. tequila First Entered the Hobby
Bob Miller
Mike Smith
Ameca splendens M66-17
Skiffia francesae M76-17
Jim Langhammer
ALA
Zoogoneticus tequila 1990
Derek Lambert
Ivan Dibble
Morelia Aqualab
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Current (2014) Captive Status of….
Ameca splendens 27 NAGWG & affiliates; ~100 worldwide
Most popular goodeid ?
Skiffia francesae 17 NAGWG & affiliates; ~35 worldwide
Top-ten most popular goodeid
Zoogoneticus tequila 38 NAGWG & affiliates; ~75 worldwide Second or third most popular goodeid
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The Future: Zoogoneticus tequila Re-Introduction
Zoogoneticus tequila tanks & semi-wild acclimation ponds in Moreila
Former Zoogoneticus tequila habitat at Teuchitlán
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But the Situation is Still Precarious
Teuchitlán threatend; a single site always vulnerable to: - Groundwater pumping - Toxic spill - Disease epidemic - New non-native introduction
Zoogoneticus tequila re-Introduction May Fail
The three species may go out of favor in the hobby
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Need to continue to promote captive maintenance and support on the ground conservation
Aqualab Goodeid Facility, Morelia
Property-owner sign at Teuchitlán: “We are protecting Ameca splendens,
a fish endemic to Teuchitlán. We’d appreciate it if you did not wash
yourself with soap and did not go fishing. Thanks.”
Ameca splendens tank in my fish room
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Questions?
Sunset over the Tequila Volcano & La Vega Reservoir, just downstream of Teuchitlán