![Page 1: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Micro-electrode Arrays
Neural EngineeringDept. of Biomedical Engineering
Kyung Hee University
![Page 2: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Multi-electrode Array
• Multi-electrode arrays or microelectrode arrays are devices that contain multiple plates or shanks through which neural signals are measured or delivered.
• Two general classes of MEAs: implantable MEAs and non-implantable MEAs.
![Page 3: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Multi-Electrode ArraysAllow simultaneous recording from many locations.Problem: does that mean from many neurons?The answer is no. Much signal processingneeded to separate sources.
![Page 4: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History I• First implantable arrays were microwire
arrays developed in the 1950s.• In 1972, first experiment involved the use
of an array to record from cultured cells: used 2x15 array of gold electrodes plated with platinum black, each spaced 100um.
• In 1977, an independent study by G. Gross exploring the electrophysiology of snail ganglia.
• In 1982, studies neural activity of spinal cord neurons.
![Page 5: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
History II• Before the 1990’s, significant entry
barriers for new laboratories.• Lately with commercial MEA hardware and
software, many other laboratories use MEAs to undertake research.
![Page 6: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
In Vitro Arrays• The standard type of in vitro MEA in a pattern of
8x8 or 6x10 electrodes.• Electrodes are composed of indium tin oxide or
titanium with their diameters between 10 and 30 um.
• Normally used for single-cell cultures or acute brain slices.
• Spatial resolution is one of the key advantages of MEAs.
• High-density MEA has a grid pattern of 256 electrodes that cover an area of 2.8x2.8mm^2
![Page 7: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
In Vitro MEA
![Page 8: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IrOx: Iridium Oxcide
![Page 10: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
In Vivo Arrays I• Three major categories of implantable MEAs are
microwire, silicon-based, and flexible microelectrode arrays.
• Microwire MEAs are largely made of stainless steel or tungsten.
• Silicon-based microelectrode arrays include two specific models: the Michigan and Utah arrays.– Michigan arrays allow a higher density of sensors for
implantation as well as a higher spatial resolution than microwire MEAs. They also allow signals to be obtained along the length of the shank, rather than just at the ends of the shanks.
![Page 16: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In Vivo MEAs
![Page 17: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Michigan MEAs
![Page 19: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
In Vivo Arrays II– Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive
silicon needles. However, in a Utah array signals are only received from the tips of each electrode, which limits the amount of information that can be obtained at one time. Furthermore, Utah arrays are manufactured with set dimensions and parameters while the Michigan array allows for more design freedom.
• Flexible arrays, made with polyimide, parylene, or benzocyclobutene, provide an advantage over rigid microelectrode arrays because they provide a closer mechanical match
![Page 20: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Utah MEAs
![Page 21: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
3-D Microelectrode Array(Univ. of Michigan)
![Page 22: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Advantages of MEAs• In general, the major strengths of in vitro arrays
when compared to more traditional methods such as patch clamping include,– Allowing the placement of multiple electrodes at once
rather than individually – The ability to set up controls within the same
experimental setup (by using one electrode as a control and others as experimental)
– The ability to select different recordings sites within the array
– The ability to simultaneously receive data from multiple sites
![Page 23: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Disadvantages of MEAs• In vitro MEAs are less suited for recording and
stimulating single cells due to their low spatial resolution compared to patch clamp and dynamic clamp systems
• The complexity of signals an MEA electrode could effectively transmit to other cells is limited compared to the capabilities of dynamic clamps.
• There are also several biological responses to implantation of a microelectrode array, particularly in regards to chronic implantation. Most notable among these effects are neuronal cell loss, glial scarring, and a drop in the number of functioning electrodes
![Page 24: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cell Damages due to MEAs
![Page 25: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
In Vitro Applications• MEAs can be used to study pharmacological effects on
dissociated neuronal cultures in a more simple, controlled environment
• MEAs have been used to interface neuronal networks with non-biological systems as a controller– For example, a neural-computer interface can be created using
MEAs. Dissociated rat cortical neurons were integrated into a closed stimulus-response feedback loop to control an animal in a virtual environment
![Page 27: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
In Vivo Applications• Deep brain stimulators, cochlear implants, and cardiac
pacemakers.• Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been effective at
treating movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease
• implants have helped many to improve their hearing by assisting stimulation of the auditory nerve.
• Research suggests that MEAs may provide insight into processes such as memory formation and perception and may also hold therapeutic value for conditions such as epilepsy, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
![Page 28: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bionic Eyes
![Page 30: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Second Sight
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VupYRCq59NI
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbv2hebWdlM
![Page 31: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Cochlear Implant
![Page 32: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Deep Brain Stimulation
![Page 33: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Neurally Controlled Animat
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8l3_kAUe0w
![Page 35: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Electrode setup
- Drill hole in cranium under anesthesia- Install and seal “recording chamber”- Allow animal to wake up and heal- Because there are no pain receptors
in brain, electrodes can thenbe inserted & moved in chamberwith no discomfort to animal.
![Page 36: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Recording setup- Connect electrodes to amplifier& noise suppression board.- Sample & record.- Label & store data.
![Page 37: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Brain Computer Interface
![Page 38: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Directional control
Neural Interface Neural Signals Signal Processing Algorithms/Command Extraction
Sensors
Control Command
Robot Hand
Environmental Feedback
The Brain-Controlled Robot Hand
![Page 39: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
BMI Monkey
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=MeSkcF6nuoQ
![Page 40: NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT - khu.ac.krweb.khu.ac.kr/~tskim/NE Lect 15-1 MEA PPT.pdfIn Vivo Arrays II – Utah arrays are 3-D, consisting of 100 conductive silicon needles. However, in a](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042107/5e875b818efc0e308a7b1507/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
NeuroRobotics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYTf6qAwe98
Monkey controls robotic arm with BCIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnWSah4RD2E