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Navy Meteorology and Oceanography Support for
Homeland Security
Thomas J. Cuff
Deputy Technical Director
Oceanographer of the Navy
28 November 2001
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How do we do it?
• Partner with other entities:– NOAA/NWS; NESDIS; NOS– DOD/U.S. Air Force Weather; Army Corps of Engineers– Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology– Industry (e.g. The Weather Channel)
• Develop organic capabilities:– Office of Naval Research: funds academia– Navy Research Laboratory: Navy’s “Corporate Lab”– Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command: demonstrate,
test, and field new capabilities– Industry
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Navy METOC Support for Homeland Security (HLS)
• Functional lead roles identified for Navy METOC centers*: – Mesoscale Modeling: Fleet Numerical METOC
Center, Monterey, CA.– Ocean Modeling/Mine Warfare Support: Naval
Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, MS.– WMD consequence management & liaison with
Defense Threat Reduction Agency: Naval Atlantic METOC Center, Norfolk,VA.
* Commander, Naval METOC Command message, 18 Sep 2001
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What needs to be done?
• Enhance awareness of available METOC support and its application to Homeland Security.
• Inventory available products and the national capacity for meeting known and anticipated requirements.
• Identify and prioritize operational weather and ocean support requirements.
• Balance CONUS and overseas METOC requirements against available interagency DoC and DoD resources.
• Determine and fund most urgent R&D needs.
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Context for METOC Support
• DoD operational METOC responsibilities for Operations Noble Eagle and Enduring Freedom are identified:– NORAD and JFCOM Staff METOC Officers
• Anticipation that as planning for homeland security accelerates, requirements will grow.
• Other than NOAA, most Federal agency roles are focused on incident response, not routine support.
* NORAD: North American Aerospace Defense Command; bi-national United States and Canadian organization* JFCOM: U.S. Joint Forces Command
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Navy METOC Support to HLS
• Baseline data collection in priority ports and strategic waterways.– NOAA responsibility.– Increased Fleet priority resulting in NOAA/Navy/Army
Corps cooperative effort.
• Support for atmospheric WMD dispersion models.– Navy responsibility to support JFCOM, National
Weather Service for civil agencies. We both need to give same answer.
• Modeling waterborne contaminant dispersion.– NOAA responsibility in U.S. waters; Navy already
running operational ocean models.
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Key Navy HLS Capabilities
• Observations– Oceans: Oceanographic survey fleet, single and
multi-beam depth measurements, digital side-scan imagery, tidal stations, bottom-mounted current profilers, etc.
– Atmosphere: potential for extracting weather data/chem-bio information from Navy AEGIS radar when operating in U.S. waters.
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Key Navy HLS Capabilities
• Predictions– Atmosphere/Weather:
• Global Model (NOGAPS): 81 km/28 levels, soon 50 km/50 levels.
• Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS): Triple-nested, 27/9/3 km, 30-50 vertical levels.
– Atmosphere/Chemistry: • WMD dispersion predictions (HPAC) to support
Joint Forces Command
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Key Navy HLS Capabilities
• Predictions– Ocean:
• Global ocean model, 5 km resolution/6 vertical layers.
• Mesoscale models, 200-6000 m resolution/20 vertical levels; mix of 2-D and 3-D models, run over 17 locations worldwide.
• Wave models (global – 1º/mesoscale – 12´ to 1´)
• Various satellite-derived and other products, tailored to meet Navy mission needs.
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Interagency Relationships
• Naval Deputy to NOAA– Navy’s global model in NCEP ensemble.
– National Hurricane Center provides hurricane forecasts for Navy’s 2nd and 3rd Fleet activities.
– WAVEWATCH III model.
– WMO data (via NWS Telecommunications Gateway).
– Navy buoy deployments support Navy and NOAA models.
– NPOESS: Navy currently chairs Senior Users Advisory Group for national converged polar-orbiting satellite program.
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Interservice Relationships
• Air Force Weather:– Space Weather products and real-time cloud depiction
analyses and forecasts.
– Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Navy/USAF) provides forecasts for U.S. interests in western Pacific and Indian Oceans.
– Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP).
– Global numerical weather model data (NOGAPS).
– Exchange of mesoscale model databases.
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Interagency Relationships
• NAVOCEANO/NOS/USACE agreement (15-16 Oct):– Conduct cooperative surveys in U.S. waters to
meet Navy’s requirements for harbor surveys.– Explore ocean modeling cooperation to support
waterborne hazard predictions.– Investigate associated data networking,
processing, and storage issues.
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Support and Backup
• Fleet Numerical METOC Center back-up site for NCEP global models.
• Navy use of NCEP, AFWA model data as back-up.
• NAVOCEANO/NODC data exchange.• National Ice Center: backed-up by Canada.• Navy METOC centers have established
back-up capabilities.
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Near-term Challenges
• On the fidelity of high-resolution mesoscale atmospheric models to feed WMD models:– What’s good enough?– Weather model validation – how good are they?– WMD VV&A
• Ensure DoD and NOAA weather model fields are fully “exchangeable”
• Near-shore estuarine models need lots of R&D.