![Page 1: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI)
National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx
April 1, 2009
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI)
National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx
April 1, 2009 William Nickas, P.E.
Director, Transportation Systems
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Chicago, IL
![Page 2: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
RapidApproaches
MinimalDisruption
SuccessfulRenewal
Long-LivedFacilities
To develop a consistent, systematic approach to performing highway renewal that
• is rapid • causes minimum
disruption• produces long-
lived facilities
Goal
![Page 3: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
TechnologyTechnology Project DeliveryProject Delivery
SuccessfulRenewal
Integrated approach
![Page 4: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Concrete Bridges and the NBI dataConcrete Bridges and the NBI data
Post Tensioned Durability StrategiesPost Tensioned Durability Strategies
PCI Quality Systems & Plant CertificationPCI Quality Systems & Plant Certification
FHWA Long Term Bridge Program (LTBP)FHWA Long Term Bridge Program (LTBP)
Cooperative Agreement for PPCP with FHWACooperative Agreement for PPCP with FHWA
AgendaAgenda
![Page 5: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
A Report Card on Concrete and Bridge Longevity
Data Reduced and Charted by:Heinrich O. BonstedtExecutive DirectorPrestressed Concrete Association of Pennsylvania
![Page 6: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
pci 6
Data Source
The National Bridge Inventory December 2008
Prepared according to a Standard Recording and Coding Guide that covers over 115 items
“By having a complete and thorough inventory, an accurate report can be made to Congress” and it provides the data necessary to “produce Defense Bridge and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reports.”
![Page 7: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
pci 7
![Page 8: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
pci 8
![Page 9: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
pci 9
![Page 10: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
pci 10
![Page 11: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
pci 11
![Page 12: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
pci 12
![Page 13: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
pci 13
![Page 14: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
pci 14
Evaluation Objectives
Determine deficiency rates for bridgesEvaluate deficiency trendsCompare bridge material alternativesEstablish a basis for projections of service life expectancy
![Page 15: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
pci 19
Sources of Deficiencies
Super-structure conditionSub-structure conditionDeck conditionAppraisal Rating
![Page 16: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
pci 20
![Page 17: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
pci 21
![Page 18: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
pci 22
![Page 19: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
pci 23
![Page 20: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
pci 24
Concrete Observations
Deficiency rates for concrete bridges are decliningMarket share of concrete bridge material alternatives is increasingMore work is needed to refine projections of service life expectancy with current methods.
![Page 21: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
pci 25
Florida DOT efforts toward improving Post Tension Durability at UT, Austin ASBI Training April 2006 by William Nickas
![Page 22: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
pci 26
![Page 23: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
pci 27
Pile Deterioration
![Page 24: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
pci 28
Pier Deterioration
![Page 25: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
pci 29
Leakage at Segment Joints
![Page 26: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
pci 30Failure of Tendon Anchorage Pour back
![Page 27: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
pci 31Boot Removed showing Corrosion
![Page 28: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
pci 33Wedge Assembly
![Page 29: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
pci 34
![Page 30: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
pci 35
![Page 31: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
pci 36
![Page 32: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
pci 37
![Page 33: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
pci 38
![Page 34: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
pci 39
Borescope Inspection - Moderate
![Page 35: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
pci 40
Borescope Inspection - Bad
![Page 36: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
pci 41
Partial Grout
![Page 37: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
pci 42
85% of strength
![Page 38: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
pci 43
![Page 39: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
pci 44
Cracked Ducts
![Page 40: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
PO
ST-T
EN
SIO
NIN
G S
TA
ND
AR
D D
ET
AIL
S
•Standardized Details with PCI
Proper Material is CriticalProper Material is Critical
![Page 41: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
pci 46
Pier 133 NB
SE Tendon
NE Tendon
![Page 42: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
pci 47
Field Book Notes
![Page 43: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
pci 48
New Grout Material Specification• Chloride Ion Limited .08% by weight (ASTM C1152)• Volume Change 0.0% @ 24 Hrs. (ASTM C1090)
<=0.3% @ 28 days• Compressive Strength >7,000 PSI (ASTM C942)• Initial Set Time Min. 3 hours (ASTM C953)
Max. 12 hours• Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939)
30 minutes after mixing• Bleed @4 Hours 0% (ASTM C940)• Permeability @ 28 days Max 2500 Coulombs (ASTM 1202)
![Page 44: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
pci 49
New Type Low Bleed Grout 10 hours old…..No bleed void
![Page 45: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
pci 50
Example Post-Tensioning Tendon Classifications
Essential
87
109
654321
Critical
Very High
High
Moderate
P/C SBS External– EJ SpansP/C SBS External– Typical Spans
Drop in PT Girders; ¼ Point HingeP/C BC – Continuity at EJ
P/C BC – Anchor on FaceP/C BC – Anchor in BlisterP/C BC – Bottom ContinuityCIP Cantilever & ContinuityFlat Slab - TransverseP/C BC – Top Continuity
![Page 46: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
pci 51
FDOT Post-Tensioning Strategy
Anchor Protection
Fully Grouted TendonsMultiple Tendons Paths
Enhanced PT Systems
Watertight Bridges
FDOT PTStrategy
![Page 47: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
pci 52
Requirements
• 4 Levels of Protection• Semi Standard Details• Anchorages Sealed at all Times
Requirements
• Anchorage Accessibility• Low Point Injection• Semi-Standard Drawings• Certified Grouters and Inspectors• Controlled Rates of Grouting• Flow Rate Testing of Ejected Material• Inspect Voids and Secondary Grout
Requirements
• Pre-Approved PT Systems• Pre-Bagged Grout• Three-Level Continuous Protection• Plastic Ducts with Improved Cell Class• Positively Sealed Ducts• Permanent Plastic Anchor Caps• Pressure Testing
Requirements
• No Dry Joints• Pre-formed Tapered Holes• Drip Notches at Anchorages• Bottom Slab Drains• Sealed Surfaces of Secondary Pours• Wearing Surfaces for Ride not Protection• No Permanent Tensile Stresses
Flor
ida
PT S
trate
gy
Enhanced PT Systems
Fully Grouted Tendons
Watertight Bridges
Anchor Protection
Requirements
• Maximize Use of Smaller Tendons• No Impact Due to Loss of Critical Tendon• Compensation for Loss Due to Corrosion
Multiple Tendon Paths
![Page 48: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
A non-Florida Project
![Page 49: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
pci 54
![Page 50: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
pci 55
![Page 51: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
pcipci 5656
Why not always use Plastic Duct ?Why not always use Plastic Duct ?
![Page 52: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
pci 57Mid-Bay Bridge
www.dot.state.fl.us/structures
Temporary Design Bulletin (Post-Tensioning Issues)
![Page 53: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
About PCIAbout PCI
• PCI is an international trade association and Technical Institute – Promotes technical understanding and use
of high-quality precast and prestressed concrete
– Full staff of technical and marketing specialists
![Page 54: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
About PCIAbout PCI
• Over 350 Producer Member plants – Architectural, structural, and specialty
precast concrete products and structures– Every U.S. PCI Producer Member plant
must be PCI Certified– PCI Membership is not required to be PCI
Certified– Over 80 Technical Committees
![Page 55: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
About PCIAbout PCI
• Approximately 200 Supplier Associate Members
• 100 Erector Associate Members – PCI Qualified/Certified Erector Program
• Over 1,300 Professional Members – Academics, design professionals,
and other industry stakeholders – Provide much of the technical
knowledge contained in PCI design guides and other technical publications
![Page 56: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
About PCIAbout PCI
PCI Publications• Design Manuals and Guidelines• Quality Control Manual• PCI Journal, Ascent, and Aspire
Magazines
![Page 57: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
About PCIAbout PCI
• Codes and Standards– PCI works very closely with code bodies,
such as ACI, ICC, ASTM, AASHTO, etc.
• Industry Events– PCI works with FHWA in producing the
National Bridge Conference
![Page 58: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
About PCIAbout PCI
• Research & Development– DSDM Seismic Project– FHWA Precast Pavement
Project
TeTeTe
Side Walls
Load Cell
Floor Diaphragms
Shake Table
ReactionWall
Steel Base withCantilever Outriggers
6 ft – 6 in
![Page 59: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
These concepts and ideas are early findings sharedby the team during the 2009 TRB Briefing of FHWAand the Researchers.
Program manager is:Dr. Hamid Ghasemi (202-493-3042)[email protected]
He is the official POC for information regarding the program, rather than Rutgers.
In addition for information regarding the LTBP pilot program,they can contact:John Penrod (202-493-3051)[email protected],He is a member of the LTBP project team and will be managing the pilot program activities.
![Page 60: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Team Organization
Roadmap: First Five Years
![Page 61: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Process and Timeline
![Page 62: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Defining and Measuring Bridge Performance
What Does Bridge Performance Mean?
•
Is it a measure of cost?
•
Is it a measure of condition?
•
Is it a measure of traffic service?
•
Is it a measure of load capacity/safety?
•
And what purpose will measuring bridge
performance
serve?
Defining and Measuring Bridge Performance
![Page 63: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Defining and Measuring Bridge Performance
Study Goal
Develop Performance Measures that:
•
Define bridge performance in terms of things we
can measure•
Determine cost effective design/maintenance
strategies•
Evaluate serviceability and durability
•
Establish accurate traffic safety evaluation
•
Provide an accurate measure of load capacity
Defining and Measuring Bridge Performance
![Page 64: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Factors in the Difficulties of Measuring Bridge Performance
•
Bridge Inspection Policy
•
QA/QC
•
Personnel / Inspector Qualifications and
Training•
Programmatic Considerations
•
Bridge Load Rating
•
Documentation
•
New Technologies
•
Bridge Deterioration Database
•
Communications
•
Research Needs
Defining and Measuring Bridge Performance
ASCE/SEI White Paper Bridge Inspection and Rating
![Page 65: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
2007 Structurally Deficient NHS Bridges
Defining and Measuring Bridge Performance
![Page 66: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Objectives of NDE Performance Monitoring
Ultimate Objectives
Develop and implement plan for high quality quantitative data collection using NDE technologies that will:
»
Enable
condition monitoring that will be objective and linked to bridge performance measures
»
Improve
understanding of deterioration processes and bridge performance
»
Advance
predictive methods and bridge management practices
Bridge Monitoring: NDE
![Page 67: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Serviceability: Degradation and Improvement
A-$2 B-$10
C-$50
D-$100
Age
Ser
vice
abili
ty
Cost to improve serviceability:A - Initial ConstructionB - Preventive MaintenanceC - Corrective MaintenanceD - Reconstruction
LTBP Monitoring
Bridge Monitoring: NDE
![Page 68: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
73
Precast/Prestressed Concrete InstitutePrecast/Prestressed Concrete Institute(PCI)(PCI)
Federal Highway AdministrationFederal Highway Administration(FHWA)(FHWA)
![Page 69: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
74
PRECASTING PLANTSPRECASTING PLANTS
A A manufacturing operationmanufacturing operation……
……not offnot off--site construction!site construction!
![Page 70: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
75
PCIPCI--FHWA Cooperative Agreement FHWA Cooperative Agreement
““Advancement of Precast Prestressed Advancement of Precast Prestressed Concrete Pavement SystemConcrete Pavement System
throughthrough Technology TransferTechnology Transfer
andand Development of Industry GuidanceDevelopment of Industry Guidance
forfor Design and EngineeringDesign and Engineering””
![Page 71: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
76
PCIPCI--FHWA Cooperative Agreement FHWA Cooperative Agreement
•• NonNon--ProprietaryProprietary•• Manufactured in PCIManufactured in PCI--Certified Plants Certified Plants •• ““Precast Prestressed Concrete PavementsPrecast Prestressed Concrete Pavements””
(PPCP)(PPCP)
![Page 72: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
77
What is PPCP?What is PPCP?
–– 22--way way prestressingprestressing–– Combination of Combination of pretensioningpretensioning/post/post--tensioningtensioning–– OrOr 22--way postway post--tensioningtensioning–– Bonded/grouted PBonded/grouted P--T systemT system
![Page 73: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
78
Typical PPCP PanelTypical PPCP Panel
![Page 74: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
79
Typical PPCP Panel LayoutTypical PPCP Panel Layout
![Page 75: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
80
Typical PPCP Panel LayoutTypical PPCP Panel Layout
![Page 76: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
81
Typical PPCP Panel LayoutTypical PPCP Panel Layout
![Page 77: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
82
BenefitsBenefits
WHY PRESTRESSED CONCRETE?WHY PRESTRESSED CONCRETE?–– Reduces/eliminates slab cracking (maintenance)Reduces/eliminates slab cracking (maintenance)–– Reduced number of joints Reduced number of joints
(maintenance/smoothness)(maintenance/smoothness)–– Reduced Slab Thickness (8Reduced Slab Thickness (8”” vs. 12vs. 12””) )
•• Material savingsMaterial savings•• Allows for replacement of pavement inAllows for replacement of pavement in--kindkind
–– Ability to span voids/unsound support layersAbility to span voids/unsound support layers–– Proven LongProven Long--Term Performance Term Performance
•• 66”” CIP postCIP post--tensioned pavement constructed in 1985 tensioned pavement constructed in 1985 (near West, Texas)(near West, Texas)
•• Virtually no maintenance in 23 yearsVirtually no maintenance in 23 years
![Page 78: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
83
Picture of Connection detailsPicture of Connection details
![Page 79: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
84
Getting ready to post tension the PC pavementGetting ready to post tension the PC pavement
![Page 80: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Precast Concrete PavementsPrecast Concrete Pavementspcipcipcipci
85
PCIPCI--FHWA Cooperative Agreement FHWA Cooperative Agreement
Cooperative Effort to Engage Industry and AgenciesCooperative Effort to Engage Industry and Agencies
![Page 81: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Concluding and Departing Thoughts Concluding and Departing Thoughts
• Manufactured Concrete offers further enhancements opportunities when used properly in routine projects and ABC
• Higher Concrete strengths and innovative engineering is extending span ranges for concrete,
• We all as an industry should guard against New Specifications and code changes allowing unintended consequences,
• Loads, Stresses, and Environment all contribute to the total Durability of the Concrete not just the mix design
![Page 82: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Dr. Galambos writes DEFINITION: RESEARCH
Dr. Galambos writes DEFINITION: RESEARCH
• THE ACTIVITY THAT CONNECTS THEORY WITH PRACTICE
• COMPUTATION METHODS
• PHYSICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIMENTS
• ORGANIZATION OF DATA AND DESIGN ACTIVITIES
• ETC.
![Page 83: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Dr. Galambos writes FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN
CREATION OF A STRUCTURE THAT WILL
Dr. Galambos writes FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN
CREATION OF A STRUCTURE THAT WILL
• PERFORM SATISFACTORILY DURING ITS INTENDED LIFETIME
• NOT COLLAPSE OR EXPERIENCE EXCESSIVE DAMAGE DURING ITS INTENDED LIFETIME
• BE ECONOMICAL TO DESIGN, BUILD AND MAINTAIN
• SERVICEABILITY
• SAFETY
• ECONOMY
![Page 84: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Dr. Galambos write EXPECTATIONS FROM STRUCTURAL
DESIGN
Dr. Galambos write EXPECTATIONS FROM STRUCTURAL
DESIGN• GENERAL PUBLIC
• STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
• BUILDING AUTHORITY
• CODE COMMITTEE
• STRUCTURE IS UNCONDITIONALLY SAFE AND RIGID
• SAFETY, SERVICEABILITY, ECONOMY DURING INTENDED LIFETIME WHEN USED FOR PLANNED FUNCTION
• CODE REQUIREMENTS MUST BE MET
• CHANCE OF EXCEEDING A LIMIT STATE DURING
![Page 85: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Dr. Galambos writes HOW TO ATTAIN SAFE
STRUCTURAL DESIGNS?
Dr. Galambos writes HOW TO ATTAIN SAFE
STRUCTURAL DESIGNS?• MINIMIZE HUMAN
ERROR
• QUALITY CONTROL
• ENSURE THAT CHANCE OF EXCEEDING LIMIT STATE IS ACCEPTABLY SMALL
• LOAD STANDARDS AND DESIGN CODES
![Page 86: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURE
APPLICABLE LEGAL BUILDING CODES
MODEL BUILDING CODES
MATERIAL CODES, LOAD STANDARDS,DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Dr. Galambos writesPYRAMID OF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
![Page 87: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Concluding and Departing Thoughts Concluding and Departing Thoughts
• Structural Engineering Congress in London in 1960’s….
• “Structural Engineering is the art of assembling materials we do not fully understand, to resist loads that we cannot accurately estimate, in a fashion that the general public does not understand the extent of our ignorance”
![Page 88: National Concrete Consortium San Antonio, Tx April 1, · PDF fileSuper-structure condition ... • Fluidity Test Immediately after mixing (ASTM C939) ... 312.583.6776. wnickas@pci.org](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5a968de27f8b9a18628d1b16/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Concrete BridgesConcrete BridgesAnd other Transportation Delivery
Opportunities
THANK YOU!
And other Transportation Delivery Opportunities
THANK YOU!
William Nickas, P.E.Director, Transportation [email protected]