Download - Naphtha cracking
Naphtha Cracking
A presentation by :Niteesh Kumar VatsME, Chemical Engg.IISc Bangalore
Cracking
Need for cracking
Cracking
Less valuable products
More useful & valuable products
most of the gasoline/petrol is produced by cracking!
Naphtha?
Historical Present
Sources of naphtha
*source- origbouk.ru/products.html
• 1941: Standard Jersey developed the world’s first steam cracker at Baton Rouge.
• In 1891 The thermal cracking method was invented.
• modified in 1908
• In 1934 factory of Shukhov cracking process established at Baku, USSR.
History
William Burton
Vladmir Shukov
Naphtha cracking
Petroleum industry
Petrochemical industry
Hydrocracking
Steam cracking
Motivation for steam cracking
The worldwide demand and production of olefins…
Currently, production through steam cracking
1. 94% of the world propylene.2. In Western Europe, 95% of `````ethylene and 70–75% of 111propylene.3. In Asia, 61% of ethylene.
*source-2011-november_Olefinek eloallitasa.pdf
Use of products of steam cracking of naphtha
Chemistry of steam cracking
Propagation
Initiation
Termination
+ C + etc.
etc.
Process of steam cracking of naphtha
Pyrolysis section
Fractionation andCompression Section
Product recovery and Separation Section
Naphtha
Energy analysis in steam cracking sections
Section Energy required
Energy loss
pyrolysis 65% 75%fractionation and compression
15% 25%
recovery section
20% 15%
Pyrolysis section
Pyrolysis furnace
Transfer line exchange(producing steam)
Cracked gas
Naphtha 750-900
300
Separation section
Ethylene (24%)
Propylene(20%)
Butadiene(3%)
BTX(1%)
Petroleum ether(25%)
Products from separation section
“ Steam cracking is the most energy-consuming process in the chemical industry and globally uses approximately 8% of the sector’s total primary energy use.”
Latest Development in steam cracking of naphtha
Advanced furnace materials
Advanced distillation columns
Membranes
“These latest developments in naphtha cracking can lead to approximately 10% savings on the process energy used.”
zeolite
Alternative technologies
Catalytic cracking of naphtha
Hydro-pyrolysis of naphtha
Progress of Cracking Process
Ene
rgy
Naphtha
Olefins and byproducts
Activation Energywithout catalysts
Activation Energywith catalysts
ThermodynamicEnergy requirement
Energy required in a pyrolysis furnaceIn the case of conventional steam cracking
Energy required in a reactor In the case of catalytic cracking technologies
Energy saving!
How Catalytic cracking Technologies Save Energy?
1st way:
2nd way:selectivity of catalyst
3rd way:Removal of coke
Conclusion
Plenty of room for energy savings is possible in steam cracking. And Catalytic cracking technologies can lead to energy saving up to 20%.
90% chemical processes already benefits from catalysis,
so can steam cracking!
References
• Olefins from conventional and heavy feedstock's: Energy use in steam cracking and alternative processes. Energy 31 (2006) 425-251
By Tao Ren, Martin Patel, Kornelis Blok• James. G. Speight (2006). The Chemistry and
Technology of Petroleum (4th ed.). CRC Press.• Dr. Ram Prasad (2010). Petroleum refining Technology (1st edition). Khanna publishers