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What is an Urban What is an Urban Settlement?Settlement?
The Distribution of Major The Distribution of Major Cities in the WorldCities in the World
Urbanization and Urban Urbanization and Urban GrowthGrowth
How does the urban How does the urban growth?growth?
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An Urban Place is …...
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An Urban Place is An Urban Place is . . . .. . . .
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The Distribution of Major CitiesThe Distribution of Major Citiesin the Worldin the World
TokyoNew York
Sao Paulo
Bombay
Hong Kong
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Spatial Distribution of Spatial Distribution of World CitiesWorld Cities
along the coast / route along the coast / route focusfocus
mainly in the N. mainly in the N. HemisphereHemisphere
mainly between 10mainly between 1000N N and 60and 6000NNNEW
YORK
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Conurbation and Conurbation and MegalopolisMegalopolis
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Some Conurbation and Some Conurbation and Megalopolises in the WorldMegalopolises in the World
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Urbanization is definedUrbanization is defined
as the as the process process by anby an
increasing proportionincreasing proportion ofof
a country’s population a country’s population lives in urban areas.lives in urban areas.
UrbanizationUrbanization
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Urban growth means theUrban growth means the
increase in the numberincrease in the number,,
but not the necessary thebut not the necessary the
proportion, of urbanproportion, of urban
dwellers in a country.dwellers in a country.
Urban GrowthUrban Growth
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The Proportion of World The Proportion of World Population Living in Urban AreasPopulation Living in Urban Areas
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
World MDC LDC
1950
1970
1990
2020 Estimate
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How does How does Urbanization take Urbanization take
place ?place ?
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(1) Natural Growth of Urban (1) Natural Growth of Urban PopulationPopulation
Birth Rate - Death Rate
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(2) Rural-Urban Migration(2) Rural-Urban Migration
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Push FactorsPush Factors
People leave their old People leave their old home rural area because home rural area because
of....of....
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No spare land to get a farm!No spare land to get a farm! No jobs available!No jobs available! Poor and inadequate facilities!Poor and inadequate facilities! Boring life!Boring life!
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Low Living Standard! Poor living Condition! Overpopulation! Less Provision of Education!
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Pull FactorsPull Factors
People are attracted to People are attracted to cities because of....cities because of....
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Easy to get a job!Easy to get a job! Better living conditions!Better living conditions! Better facilities!Better facilities! More entertainment !More entertainment !
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Improved Communication! High and Stable Income! More Provision of Education! Industrialization!
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How does the urban grow and
expand? Two types of expansion: 1. Horizontal
- (urban sprawl) 2. Vertical
- (buildings increase in height)
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Process of Urban Process of Urban SprawlSprawl
OvercrowdedOvercrowded Expand Expand
outwardsoutwards Along the main Along the main
roadroad Star shapeStar shape Feeder join to Feeder join to
the main roadthe main road New settlement New settlement
filledfilled
SEA
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Urban Land Uses in Urban Land Uses in Hong KongHong Kong
Land Use ModelsLand Use Models Current Development Current Development
of Urban Areas in of Urban Areas in Hong KongHong Kong
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Urban Land UsesUrban Land Uses Commercial Land UseCommercial Land Use Residential Land UseResidential Land Use Industrial Land UseIndustrial Land Use Institutional Land UseInstitutional Land Use Recreation Land UseRecreation Land Use Transport Land UseTransport Land Use
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Commercial Land Commercial Land UseUse
Central Business Central Business District (CBD)District (CBD)
Examples in Hong Examples in Hong Kong:Kong:
- Central, - Central,
- Tsim Sha Tsui- Tsim Sha Tsui High land rentHigh land rent Good accessibilityGood accessibility High-rise buildingHigh-rise building
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Residential Land Residential Land UseUse
High class residential areas
- Mid-levels, Kowloon Tong,
Hong Lok Yuen Middle class residential areas
- Tai Koo Shing, Mei Foo Sun Chuen Low class residential areas
- Tse Wan Shan, Yau Ma Tei
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How do we classify the How do we classify the residential area?residential area?
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Industrial Land UseIndustrial Land Use Old Industrial Zone
- Tai Kok Tsui,- Sheung Wan
Industries along the waterfront- Kwai Chung, Kwun Tong
New Industrial Zone - Tai Po, Yuen Long, Junk Bay
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Industrial Land Use In Hong KongIndustrial Land Use In Hong Kong
What type of industries are the pictures?What type of industries are the pictures?
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Institutional Land Institutional Land UseUse
Administrative:Administrative:
- Courts- Courts Cultural and public services:Cultural and public services:
- Schools- Schools Military:Military:
- Barracks- Barracks
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Recreation Land Recreation Land UseUse
ParksParks Sport groundSport ground Indoor playgroundIndoor playground Swimming poolSwimming pool
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Transport Land Transport Land UseUse
RoadsRoads Car parksCar parks Transport TerminalsTransport Terminals AirportsAirports Container TerminalsContainer Terminals
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Distribution of Major Urban Distribution of Major Urban Land Use Zones in a CityLand Use Zones in a City
Concentric ModelConcentric Model
- by E.W. Bugress (1923)- by E.W. Bugress (1923) Sector ModelSector Model
- by H. Hoyt (1939)- by H. Hoyt (1939) Multiple Nuclei ModelMultiple Nuclei Model
- by C.D.Harris and E.L.Ullman (1945)- by C.D.Harris and E.L.Ullman (1945)
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Central Business District (CBD)
Wholesale, Light Manufacturing (Zone in Transitional)
Low Class Residential
Middle Class Residential
High Class Residential
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Sector Sector ModelModel
Central Business District (CBD)
Wholesale, Light Manufacturing (Zone in Transitional)
Low Class Residential
Middle Class Residential
High Class Residential
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Multiple Nuclei Multiple Nuclei ModelModel
CBD
WholesaleLight Manufacturing
L.C.R.
M.C.R.H.C.R.
Heavy Industries
Outlying Business District
Residential Subrub
IndustrialSubrub
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Factors Affecting the Factors Affecting the Distribution of Urban Land Distribution of Urban Land
Use ZonesUse Zones
Economic FactorsEconomic Factors
- Competition for the use of urban land- Competition for the use of urban land Institutional FactorsInstitutional Factors
- The role of government- The role of government Historical FactorsHistorical Factors
- Lack of planning, same social groups- Lack of planning, same social groups
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Relationship between Bid Rent and Relationship between Bid Rent and Land Use Patterns in a CityLand Use Patterns in a City
Commercial
IndustrialResidential
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Current Development of Urban Areas in Hong Kong
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Prepared byPrepared by
Humanities UnitHumanities Unit Curriculum Development Institute Curriculum Development Institute
Education DepartmentEducation Department&&
Ng King YeungNg King YeungC.C.C. Kei Yuen CollegeC.C.C. Kei Yuen College