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Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)
Module 15
Waking and Sleeping Rhythms
James A. McCubbin, PhDClemson University
Worth Publishers
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Waking Consciousness
Consciousnessour awareness of ourselves and our environments
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Waking Consciousness
Selective Attention focusing of consciousness on a particular stimulus
as in the cocktail party effect
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Sleep and Dreams
Biological Rhythms periodic physiological fluctuations
Circadian Rhythm
the biological clock regular bodily rhythms, such as of
wakefulness and body temperature, that occur on a 24-hour cycle
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Sleep and Dreams
REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep recurring sleep stage vivid dreams “paradoxical sleep”
muscles are generally relaxed, but other body systems are active
Sleep periodic, natural, reversible loss of
consciousness
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Sleep and Dreams Measuring sleep activity
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Brain Waves and Sleep Stages
Alpha Waves slow waves of a
relaxed, awake brain
Delta Waves large, slow waves
of deep sleep Hallucinations
false sensory experiences
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Stages in a Typical Night’s Sleep
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4
3
2
1
Sleepstages
Awake
Hours of sleep
REM
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Stages in a Typical Night’s Sleep
Hours of sleep
Minutesof Stage 4 and REM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
10
15
20
25
5
Decreasing Stage 4
Increasing REM
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Sleep Deprivation
Effects of Sleep Loss fatigue impaired concentrationdepressed immune systemgreater vulnerability to accidents
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Sleep Deprivation
2,400
2,700
2,600
2,500
2,800
Spring time change(hour sleep loss)
3,600
4,200
4000
3,800
Fall time change(hour sleep gained)
Less sleep,more accidents
More sleep,fewer accidents
Monday before time change Monday after time change
Accident frequency
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Sleep Disorders
Insomnia persistent problems in falling or
staying asleep Narcolepsy
uncontrollable sleep attacks Sleep Apnea
temporary cessation of breathing during sleep
momentary reawakenings
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Night Terrors and Nightmares
Night Terrors occur within 2 or 3 hours of
falling asleep, usually during Stage 4
high arousal-- appearance of being terrified
seldom remembered
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Dreams: Freud
Dreams sequence of images, emotions, and
thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
hallucinatory imagery discontinuities incongruities delusional acceptance of the content difficulties remembering
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Dreams: Freud
Sigmund Freud--The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) wish fulfillment discharge otherwise unacceptable
feelings Manifest Content
remembered story line Latent Content
underlying meaning
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Dreams
As Information Processing helps facilitate memories
As a Physiological Function periodic brain stimulation
REM Rebound REM sleep increases following
REM sleep deprivation
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Sleep Across the Lifespan