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Lower
Primary
Written illustratect by Zencta eu
VERBS
I D I O M S · ~ · ADVERBS ...
®
~
ANTONYMS ·; . PROVERBS
1.....--1'
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Teachers ' Produc ti
on
~ 2 r t t ~ n t · · ~
p ge
Parts of Speec h
I
l
,._
_ . _
_
.
_ _ ,,
._.
_
.. . _ . ,_ , ,_ ._ ,,
- ··-·.-·-·...-...- - -
Nouns 2
- · - ··
· -
·
· -··
-···-·
·-
· -
....- .- ·-·-·
·-·-··-
··
·-··- · · · -
Comm
on/ Proper Nouns 3
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
_
_ ,
_
,_
_
l
_
_ ,
_
.
_ .
,_
_
_
Gender Nouns 4
-
5
.
_ _ .
_
.
_ _ _. _ _ _. _ ._.
I
.
_ _ _ _ _.
_
Singul
ar
/Plural No
un
s 6
-
l
0
_ _ _ _
_
_ _
_
..
,,_,,
_
_
_
_ _
_
_ _ _ ,,,_
Colle
c tive Nouns
l
l
-
l
5
_ _
_
_
_
_
_
..
_
_
_
_ _
_
_
_ _
_ ._
Pronouns l 6
-
l 7
_ ,
_
.. ._ , .
_
.
_
_
..
._
. .
_. ._.
_ .
_ ,
._.
l
_ .
_
_ _..._.
_
. _ _
Adject ives l 8 21
_
_
,
_ ,
_
_
_
..
_
_
,_
,_
,_
.
_
,_
_
_
_
_ .
,_
_
_
Verbs
22
-
25
,_
_
_ . ,
_
.
_
_
,_
_
_
.
,_ ,
.
_
.
,_
..
I
_
_ ,
.
,_
. .
_,
...
_
.
_
.
_
Adverbs 26
-
27
..-
.
- -
- -...-
...-. -
_
. _ . _ . _ .
..
_
.
_
.
,_
. ,,_, .
,_ _
.
_
Prepositions 28
-
30
_ _ _ . _ ...__ ,
·- -
__. ._ _ , -.
-
-...- . __
Conjunctions
I
31
..- ..·- ····- ..··-····- ..··- .. ·- ·.·- ··.·- ···.- ····- .- .. - ···- ·.- ····- ··.-·-
-
Interjections
I
32
·
-·
····-
..
·-
..
-
- ·- ···-···-· ···- ·· -
- ·-
- ···- ..-· .
-·-
Article
s
33
-
35
_
._
.,_ . _
. .
,_ _
_
_
_ ,
.
_
.
,_
.
_
_
_
_
. _ ...,_ ...,_ .
_
_
P
un
c tuat
ion
36
-
37
Adults and their Young 38
Animal Sounds
and Moti
ons
39 -
40
Sounds made by Objects 41
Occ
upations 42 - 43
. _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _
Places _ 44 -
45
1---..- ...- ....._ _ ...._ _ _ ._ _ ... _ _ _ .___ _ ._ ..._ ...._ ....._ . _ ..
Ant
onyms
46 - 49
Synonyms 50 - 51
Homop
hones
52 -
53
Sim iles 54 -
55
Proverbs 56 -
59
- - - -·-· ...- -
_
_____
_
...._
_,-
- - - - -·-
-
·· .-
-
-...
Id ioms
6 0 - 64
ISBN: 981 -04-1054-9
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All the words in the English Language have
been
divided into groups . These
word
groups
are
called the
Parts
of
Speech
l Nouns
name a person place thing
an
animal
or
an idea.
2.
Pronouns
/, me you) are
used
in place
of
nouns.
3.
Adjectives
(short, slow,
clever) describe
a
noun
or
pronoun.
4. Verbs is, run, hop) express actions or
state
of
being.
5. Adverbs (slowly, softly,
quickly)
tell
some
thing
about
a
verb
an adjective
or
another adverb.
6.
Prepositions
(on, near, over) show how a noun is
related
to some
other
words
in the sentence .
7. Conjunctions
and,
or,
because)
connect
words or
groups of words.
8. Interjections (Wow, Oh, Yikes ) show emotions or
•
surp rises .
9
rticles (a,
an,
the).
©Teachers
Production Parts
of
Speech
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Nouns
•• ••• •••••••••••••
A
noun s
a
word which names
a
person
,
thing
p l
ace
,
an
animal
or an idea
.
erson nimal Thing
t
Annie
Mr
Wong
carpenter
fi
reman
fri
end
girl
John
nu
r
se
teacher
ant
bird
dinosaur
dog
fish
lizard
monkey
tiger
turtle
Place
London
Japan
bus-
stop
city
home
marke
t
mountain
park
pond
©Teachers
Production
CD
bag
bed
building
car
•
Oin
computer
ribbon
pencil
toy
dea
faith
fear
friendship
happine
ss
•
hope
)
)
•
OY
l
ove
sadne
ss
trouble
C
I
J
ouns
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GQ mm 9 n
Qn
g ~ Q P ~ r ~ n ~
ommon
nouns
are the
gener l
names of people
animals places things or ideas. Common nouns
do
not
start
with
capital letters.
Proper nouns are
the speci l
names of
people
animals
places or
things.
Proper
nouns start
with
capital letters.
ommon
Nouns
boy
car
continent
coun try
day
g irl
holiday
island
lake
language
mon
th
mount
ain
people
place
sea
street
ommon
Proper Nouns
Proper Nouns
Benjamin James
Mercedes Toyota
Asia, Europe
Singapore, Thai land
Sunday Tuesday
Joanna Mary
Christmas
Day
,
National
Day
Sentosa, Bali
Lake Toba Lake Mead
English, Malay
January
July
Mount Everest, Mount Fuji
Singaporean American
Queenstown , Jurong
Red Sea, South China Sea
Shenton Way Amoy Street
-
-
-
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Gender
Nouns
A noun
can
be in one of the four genders
Masculine gender These are words that describe male
crea
tures (
boy
,
bro
ther, rooster).
Feminine gender : These are words that describe female
creatures (girl, sister, hen ).
Common gender : These are words that describe either male
or
female
creatures (child, adu lt, bird).
Neuter
gender
:
These
are
words
that
describe
things
that
are neither male nor female apple, bed).
People
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
actor actress
land
l
ord land
lady
bache lor spinster
male
female
boy girl man woman
boy
scout
girl gui
de
master mistress
bridegroom
bride
monk
nun
fiance fiancee salesm an salesgirl
gentleman lady
•
madamr
god
goddess steward
stewardess
headmaster
headm
istress tai
lor seamstress
hero heroine waiter wa itress
host hostess widower widow
lad
lass
wizard witch
©Teache
rs
'
Production ender Nouns
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Family
Masculine
brother
daddy
father
grandpa
husband
Royalty
count
duke
emperor
heir
n i
mals
boar
billy goat
buck rabbit
buck (deer)
bu ll
cock
colt
dog
drone
drake
fox
©Teachers
Production
eminine
sister
mummy
mother
grandma
wife
countess
duchess
empress
heiress
sow
nanny goat
doe rabbit
doe
cow
hen
filly
bitch
bee
duck
.
vixen
MasculineI emini
ne
nephew
papa
son
step father
uncle
His
Majesty
king
lord
•
prince
gander
he bear
leopard
lion
peacock
ram
stag
stallion
tom
cat
tiger
he-
wolf
I
I
•
niece
mama
daughter
step-
mother
aunt
Her
Majesty
queen
lady
•
princess
goose
she bear
leopardess
lioness
peahen
ewe
hind
mare
tabby cat
tigress
she-wolf
ender Nouns
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A singular noun
is
used for ONE person animal thing
place
or idea.
A plural noun is
used
for MORE THAN ONE
person
animal thing , place
or idea.
Re
ular Plural Nouns
1. By dding
n
's' to the singular nouns
Singular Plural Singular
Plural
apple
apples
hand
hands
bag bags
leg
legs
banana bananas pencil
pencils
book books school sc hool
s
cake cakes stamp
stamps
cow
cows
street
st
reets
girl
girls
table
tables
2
By
dding 'es' to
nouns
ending in ch, sh, s nd x':
batch batches match matches
beach
beaches
patch
patches
bench
benches peach
peaches
branch
branches
punch
punches
brooch brooches sandwich sandwiches
bunch
bunches stitch stitches
church
churches torch torches
couc
h
couc
hes
watch watches
Singular Plural ouns ©Teachers' Production
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Singular
ash
brush
bush
boss
bus
class
dress
box
fox
Plural
ashes
brushes
bushes
bosses
buses
classes
dresses
boxes
foxes
Singular
dish
flash
wish
g s
glass
guess
kiss
sex
t x
3.
y adding es to nouns ending in o :
Plural
dishes
flashes
wishes
g ses
glasses
guesses
kisses
sexes
t xes
~
buff lo
buff loes
m ngo
c rgo
echo
hero
c rgoes
echoes
heroes
mosquito
pot to
tom to
m ngoes
mosquitoes
pot toes
tom toes
ome nouns
do
not follow this rule. y
adding
an 's' to nouns
such as musical terms, words of Spanish origin or nouns ending
in o (with a vowel
just
before the o):
b njo
b njos stud
io
studios
dyn mo
dyn mos t co t cos
photo
photos zoo
zoos
• •
cuc
koo cuckoos
i no
pi nos
piccolo
picco l
os
igloo igloos
r dio r dios t
ttoo
t ttoos
©Teachers'
Production Singular Plural ouns
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4.
By
changing
nouns
ending in f or fe to v
es :
Singular Plural Singular
c lf c lves
shelf
elf
elves
thief
h lf
h lves
wolf
le f
l
e ves
kni
fe
lo f lo ves
lite
sc rf sc rves wife
There
re
some exceptions:
chef
chefs
proof
chief
chiefs puff
cliff cliffs reef
gir ffe
gir ffes r
oof
h ndkerchief h ndkerchiefs
s te
5.
By
changing
nouns
ending
in
y
to
ies :
rmy
b by
body
c ity
enemy
l bor tory
l dy
library
Singular Plural ouns
.
rmies
b bies
bodies
cit
ie
s
•
enem
ies
l bor t ories
l dies
libraries
lorry
pony
puppy
story
cry
fly
fry
sky
Plural
shelves
thieves
wo
lves
knives
lives
•
wives
proofs
puffs
reefs
roofs
sates
lorries
•
pon ies
•
puppies
sto ries
•
cries
flies
fries
skies
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yadding
an 's'
if
the letter before 'y ' is a vowel:
Singular Plural Singular Plural
day days donkey
donkeys
way
ways
key
keys
boy
boys
monkey
monkeys
• •
OY
OYS
storey
storeys
toy
toys
turkey
turkeys
chim
ney
chim
neys valley
va lleys
Irregular Plural Form
- - ~ . . . . _
-
1 . Some plural nouns are formed by changing the vowels :
foot feet
policeman pol
icemen
goose
geese tooth teeth
man
men woman wom en
2 Some plural nouns
do
not follow
any
rules:
cac t
us
cact i louse
lice
fungus f
ungi
.
mo
use mice
child
child
r
en ox oxen
3. Compound nouns form their plurals by adding an 's' to the
most important word in the compound:
ma
id -
se
rvant
man of war
mother-in-law
mouse trap
passer-
by
st
ep son
©Teachers'
Production
m
aid serva
n
ts
men of war
mo thers-
in law
mouse traps
p a
sse
rs-by
step-sons
Singular Plural Nouns
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4. Compound nouns that are used as adjectives do
not
have
an 's' added
to
them:
a five day week
a
seve
n-storey bui ld ing
a
six
year
old child
a
te
n-
dollar no
te
a thirty
cent
stamp
a
twenty
cent coi
n
5. Some nouns have their singular and plural form alike:
ingular
lural
ingular
lural
ai
rcraf
t
airc
ra ft fish fish fishes
cattle
catt le fru it fruit fruits
Ch
inese
Chinese sheep sheep
deer deer trou
t
trou
t
6. Some nouns are used only in
the
plural form:
'
I
~ ~
chops ticks mumps shorts
clothes
pants slacks
drawe
rs
•
Jeans
meas les
•
p incers
•
pyjamas
•
scissors
spec
t
acles
tongs
trousers
7. Some nouns are used only in the singular form:
advice
c lothi
ng
fun
furniture
help
Singular Plural Nouns
info rmation
luggage
machi
nery
poetry
scenery
silver
statio
n
ery
traffic
water
young
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ollective Nouns
•
• •
A collec t ive noun is a word used to group people,
animals, p
laces, thi
ngs or ideas.
e
o
p
e
~
~
~
~
l v
~
r
an
rmy
of
soldiers #' '
Jl
a b nd
of
musicians robbers
a bevy of beauties
ladies
a choir
of
singers
a class
of
pupils
students
a comp ny of actors actresses
a crew
of
sailors
a crowd
of
spectat ors
a flood
of
visit
ors
a
g ng
of
thieves
robbers labourers
a
host
of ange
ls
a
p nel
of
docto rs judges
a staff
of
servants teachers
a te m
of players
\
a troupe of acrobats dancers performers
assembly
udience
congregation
crowd
queue
spectators
©Teachers
Production
peop
le
at
a hall
or
meeting
people at a concert, lecture or play
people in a place of worship, like a church
a large
number
of people together
people
lin
ing
up
to enter a place, to
ge
t on a
bus
or
to
buy
something
people watching a game or an event
Collective
Nouns
-
People
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nim ls
n
ambush
of
tigers
n
army
of
ants
a brood of chickens
a flight
of
swallows
a flock of birds sheep
a gaggle
of geese
a herd
of buff
loes c ttle
e leph nts
reindeer
zebras
a
litter
of
kittens
puppies
a nest of r bbits m i
ce
ants
a
pack
of wolves
a parcel
of penguins
a plague
of
insects locusts
a
pod
of wh les seals
a
pride
of
lions
a school of wh les fish
a sho l
of herr
i
ng
fish
a
stud of horses
a
swarm of
bees flies insects
a
team
of oxen
a troop
of
monkeys k ng roos
0
·
..
Collective
Nouns
-
nima
ls
~
0 •
©Teachers
Production
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hings
n
lbum of photogr phs
st mps
a
b ll of thre d
str
ing
a b le
of
cotton
wool
a
block of
flats
wood
a bouquet of f lowers
a
bowl of rice
soup
a
bunch of
g r
pes
keys
a
bundle of
rags sticks
a
c rton
of
drinks
c nned
food
a
ch in of events
isl nds shops
a
chest of
dr wers
a cluster
of di monds
stars trees
a collection
of ntiques books
p i
ctures st mps
a
comb
of b n n s
a cr te
of
fruit
crockery
a
fleet
of b uses cars ships
a flight
of
e ropl nes stairs steps
a flood
of
ide s lights tears
a
forest
of
trees
a
he p of
rubbish ruins stones
©Teachers
Production
ollective
Nouns
-
Things
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hings
a kit of tools
a libr ry
of
books
a list
of
n mes words
a lo f of bre d
a p ck of c rds lies
a p cket
of
sug r sweets
a p ir
of
socks shoes trousers scissors
a
piece
of
c ke me t
cloth
a pile of books money
rubbish
stones
a pot of coffee
te
honey
a puddle of w ter
a series of books events lectures talks
a quiver
of
arrows
a set of books chin furniture tools
a shelf of books
a shower
of
blessings praises
a st ck of books money h y sticks
a
string
of
be ds
pearls
a suit
of
clothes
a suite
of furniture rooms
a tr y
of
eggs
a tuft
of
grass
h ir
a volley
of
bullets stones
a w d
of
b nk notes
ollective
Nouns
-
Things
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Production
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Things in Small mounts
-
a
beam of light
a blade
of
g rass
a blob
of
paint
a
crumb of
bread
a dab
of colour
a
dash of
pepper
I sauce
a dollop of jam
a
drop of water I ra
in
I tear
a grain
of rice
I sugar
a lock of
hair
a lump of butter
an
ounce
of
energy
a piece
of
paper
a
pinch of
salt
a puff
of perfume
a ray
of
l
ight
a scrap of food I paper
a
shred of cloth
a sip o f water
a speck
of
dirt
I dust
a
splinter of
wood
a spoonful of sugar I salt I medic ine
a whiff
of
air I wind
a wisp
of smoke
©Teachers ' Production
•
a
lock
of
hair
a sip of
water
ollective
Nouns - Things
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Pronouns
.•. . .
A pronoun is a word used in
place
of
a noun.
The tables below are
some examples of
pronouns.
Personal Pronouns
ossessive
Reflexive
Subject bject
Pronouns Pronouns
-
-
I
•
myself
e
m i
ne
you
you yours
yourse lf
__
he him his himself
she her hers herself
we us ours
ourselves
I ·
they
them theirs themselves
~
Personal Pronouns
are
used
for
people:
hey re look
i
ng tor you
~
Possessive Pronouns
are
used
to
indicate who
owns
the objects or ideas:
hese coins
re yours
~ Reflexive Pronouns are used
to
re fer
to the
personal
pronouns : e
did
the
w
or
k ourselves
Demonstrative Pronouns
~ b
this
What
is
this
This
is
a
ball.
·. ~
_ r-....
\
{ ( 7
l
;
(
:
that
What
is that
That
is a
monkey.
·
_s
- - j
these
What are these These are mangoes .
those What
a re
those Those
are
tadpoles
.
~
This and
these
are
used for people things or a ni
ma
ls
which
are
near
the speake
r.
~
That
and
those
are
used
for people
th
ings or
animals
which
are further away
from the
speaker.
Pronouns @
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Production
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nterrogative Pronouns
are
used to
ask questions.
What What
are
you ho
l
ding
in you r hands?
Which
Which
of these shir
ts s
hi
s
Who
Whom
Whose
Who
s
in
th
e
room?
For whom are you
baking
the cakes?
Whose are these?
Relative Pronouns take the place
of nouns. They
are
used
to join
two sentences
into
one
Who
Which
That
Whose
Whom
What
Note:
I know the boy who
s
waiting
outside
our
house
.
My
fa
t
her
bought
a shirt
which cost
a
hundred
dollars .
This is
the
toy
that
my
brother
wanted
She
s
the
gi
rl
whose
pa
rents
are teachers
That
s
the neighbour
wi
th
whom we shared
the garden.
He has
not decided what to buy for his
mother.
/ Who s
usually
used for persons.
/ Which s
used
for animals and things .
/ That s used for persons
animals
and things.
/ What
refers
to things only
.
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An
adjective s
a
describing
word
.
It tells
you more about
a noun.
~
We compare
adjectives in different
ways
.
/ ositive form
When
we do not compare
a
noun or an object with
anyone or
anything
we
use the positive
form:
Jason
s
a
t ll
boy
/ omparative form
When
we compare
t
wo
persons, places things or
ideas
we use the comparative
form:
Chee
eng
is
t ller than
Jason
/ Superlative
form
When we
compare
more
than
two
persons, p
laces
things or
ideas we
use the
superlative form:
Raj is the
t llest
of them all
ositive omparative
brave
braver
l
arge
l
arger
l
ate later
safe safer
simple simpler
whi
te whiter
wide
wider
•
•
wise wiser
djectives
Superlative
bravest
largest
latest
safest
simplest
wh
itest
wides
t
wisest
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ositive
bl ck
bright
cle n
clever
cold
d rk
de r
deep
f ir
fast
gre t
green
h rd
high
kind
light
l
ong
low
n rrow
ne r
new
old
poor
proud
quick
rich
sh rp
short
slow
©Teachers
Production
omparati
ve
bl cker
brighter
cle ner
cleverer
colder
d rker
de rer
deeper
f irer
f ster
gre ter
greener
h rder
higher
kinder
lighter
longer
lower
n rrower
ne rer
newer
ol
der
poorer
prouder
quicker
richer
sh rper
shorter
slower
®
Superlative
bl ckest
brightest
cle nest
cleverest
coldest
d rkest
de rest
deepest
fairest
fastest
gre test
greenest
h rdest
highest
kindest
lightest
longest
lowest
n rrowest
ne rest
newest
o ldest
poores t
proudest
quickest
richest
sharpest
shortest .
slowest r
djectives
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ositive omparative Superlative
small smaller smallest
smooth smoother smoothest
strong stronger strongest
sweet sweeter
sweetest
tall taller tallest
thick thicker thickest
w rm
w rmer
w rmes
t
you
ng younger youngest
busy busier busiest
dirty dirtier dirtiest
dry drier driest
•
easiest
asy
easier
funny
funnier funniest
h ppy h ppier
h ppiest
he lthy
he lthier
he lthiest
he vy
he vier he viest
l zy
lazier laziest
lucky l
uckier
luckiest
n ughty n ughtier
n ughtiest
•
•
•
noisiestoisy
no s er
pretty prettier prettiest
tiny tinier tiniest
ugly uglier ugliest
we
lthy we lthier we lthiest
Adjectives
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os t
ive
big
fat
hot
mad
red
sad
thin
wet
beautiful
carefu l
comfortable
courteous
difficult
•
expensive
honest
important
interesting
powerful
useful
wonderful
bad
good
little
many much
©Teachers
Production
omparative
bigger
fatter
hotter
madder
redder
sadde r
thinner
wetter
more beaut
ifu l
more careful
more comfortable
more courteous
more difficult
•
more expensive
more honest
more important
more interesting
more powerful
more
useful
more wonderful
worse
better
less
more
uperlative
biggest
fattest
hottest
maddest
reddest
saddest
thinnest
wettest
most
beau
t iful
most
careful
most comfortable
most courteous
most
difficult
most
expensive
most honest
most important
most interesting
most
powerful
most useful
most
wonderful
worst
best
least
most
djectives
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Verbs
•• ••• ••
A verb s a doing word. A verb tells
us
what a
person
or
thing does.
orms of Verbs
Simple Present
Albert
eats
an egg every day.
. ...
. .
1
Simple Past Albert ate an
egg
yesterday.
0
_ .
Past Participle
Albert has eaten a n egg.
•
I
able
of Verbs
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle
•
beenm 1s was
are were been
does
do
did done
has, have
had had
become became beco
me
begin began
begun
bend ben
t bent
bite bit bitten
blow b l
ew
blown
break
broke
broke
n
bring brought brought
build built built
buy
bought
bought
catch caught caught
choose
chose chosen
come
came come
dig dug
dug
draw drew drawn
Verbs
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Simple resent
drink
drive
e t
fall
feed
feel
figh
t
find
fly
forge t
forgive
get
•
give
go
grow
he r
hide
keep
know
l
e ve
lose
m ke
meet
p y
r
ide
•
r
ing
•
rise
run
©Teachers
roduction
Simple ast
dr nk
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
f
ound
flew
f
orgo
t
forg ve
got
g ve
went
grew
h
e
rd
hid
kept
knew
left
lost
m de
met
p id
rode
r
ng
rose
r n
ast articiple
drunk
driven
e ten
f
l
len
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forgot ten
forgiven
got
•
given
gone
grown
he rd
hidden
kept
known
left
lost
m de
met
p id
ridden
rung
•
risen
run
Verbs
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Simple resent
say
see
sell
send
sew
sh ke
shine
shoot
show
•
sing
sink
sit
sleep
spe k
spend
st nd
steal
•
swim
•
swing
t
ke
te ch
te r
tell
think
throw
w ke
we r
write
Verbs
Simple ast
said
s w
sold
sent
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
s ng
sank
sat
slept
spoke
spent
st
ood
stole
sw m
swung
took
t ught
tore
told
thought
threw
woke
wore
wrote
ast articiple
said
seen
sold
sent
sewn
sh ken
shone
shot
shown
sung
sunk
sat
slept
spoken
spent
stood
sto len
swum
swung
t ken
t ught
torn
told
thought
thrown
w ked
woken
worn
written
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In
the
follow ing t ble ,
the
Simple Past nd Past Partic iple of the
verbs end in ed or ied .
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle
dd dded dded
ask
sked sked
look
looked looked
t
lk
t lked
t
l
ked
w it w ited w ited
c rry
c rried c rried
copy copied copied
cry
cried
cried
hurry hurried hurried
m rry
m rried
m rried
study
studied studied
In the followi
ng
t b le, the Simple Present, Simple Past nd
a
st
Participle
h
ve the s meform.
cost
cost
cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
put put put
re d re d re d
set set set
shut shut shut
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dverbs
An adve rb tells
us
how
when
or
where an action takes
place
How?
When?
Where?
She sings
beautifully
The storm began
suddenly
He searched everywhere for
his
dog
Comparison
of
Adverbs
Positive form
Comparative
form
Superlative form
Table
of
Adverbs
Positive
early
fast
hard
near
l
ate
l
ong
soon
dverbs
Hassan
came
late
.
Harry
came
later than Hassan.
Ghani
cam e
latest.
Comparative
Superlative
earlier earliest
fa
ster fastest
harder hardest
nearer
nearest
l
ater latest
l
onge
r
longest
sooner soonest
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Usually adverbs end ing with ly form
the
comparative by
adding
more
and
superlative
by adding most.
Positive
I
omparative
Superlative
angri
ly more
angrily most angri
ly
brave
ly
more bravely
most
bravely
care fully more
carefully most carefully
clear
ly
more
clearly
most
clearly
easily more easily
most
easily
loudly more
loudly most loudly
neat
ly
more neatly
most
neatly
quickly more quickly
I•
most
quickly
happily
more happily
most happily
sadly
more
sadly most
sad ly
merrily
more
merrily
most merri
ly
These
comparative
and
superlative
forms of adverbs
do
not
follow any rules.
Positive
omparative Superlative
badly
worse worst
far
farther
farthest
l
ate later
latest last
little l
ess
least
much
more
most
well
better best
There are some adverbs which have
no comparison
form:
almost
not
then
©Teachers
Production
everywhere
now
there
half
once
twice
here
seldom
very
dverbs
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J
A
D
G
/
Cat
A
and
Cat
B
are
on
the table
.
/ Cat F is n the drawer
/
Cat
Dis
etween Cat C
and Cat E .
/ Cat E s
eside
the
table
.
/ Cat
G
s
under
the table
/ Cat His ehind
the
table
/ Cat J jumps
over
the table
B
H
Where
The words on
n
etween
eside under
ehind
and
over
show the relation
between
the cats
and
the table
Such words are called prepositions.
repositions ©Teachers
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Here are
some
prepositions t
hat show Position
bove Look The
plane is
flying
bove
the
clouds.
g inst
Please don t
lean g inst
the
ladd
er.
mong
round
t
behind
bene th
beside
between
•
In
n
front of
ne r
on
over
under
I
found
a
watch
mong
the
bushes.
He
put up
a
fence
round the farm .
He
is
waiting
t
the door.
Malcom is
hiding
behind
the tree .
There is a
bag
bene th
his
chair.
is
house
is
beside
the
pond.
John sits
between
his two sisters
in the car.
She
is
waiting
n
the room .
My
school is
n
front of
a
park.
s there a post-office
ne r your home?
The
book
is
on
the
shelf.
The dog
jumped
over the
drain.
The
farmer is
resting
under
the shelter.
©Teachers'
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Here
are
some
prepositions t
hat show Direction
across
The
deer ran
swiftly
across the
field.
along The boys
were running
along
the
beach .
down
Chee Beng
got
down
the
bus in a hurry.
from
into
off
through
to
up
He
walks
home
from school every day .
He rushed
into the
office
without knocking.
The
man
fell
o
the
bus
before
it
cou
ld
stop.
He threw a
ball
through the
window.
Can
you
show
m e
the
way
to
the tax
i
stand?
Jack
and ill went
up the hill.
\11
\II \ \
..
\lei
'
•
\ \ J
It
Here
are
some
prepositions
that
show Time
after I
had
a
stomachache
after
eating
the food .
t
She was
home
t
three o clock.
before
She
arrived
here
before
noon.
y The boys wil l be back y tonight.
for
Polly
stayed with her grandma for
a week.
in
She usually jogs
in
the morning.
on Michael
did
not come to school on Monday.
ti
I s ept
ti
Iu n
ch ime
.
upon
The
old
man
lived here once upon a ti
me
.
Prepositions
@
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Conjunctions
are joining words.
They
are
also
ca
l
led
linking
words or
connec tors.
Here
is
a
list
of conju
nctions
which
are
commonly
used:
and
Sally
and
Cindy
are
sleeping.
although
He
did not cry although he
was
hurt.
s
bec use
but
s
he
was la
t e, I went without
him.
He
s fat bec use he
eats
too much.
I shout
ed
but
he
did
not hear me.
either ... or You may drink either milk or fruit
juice.
if We
shall
have
a
picn
ic
if
it
does
not rain.
or Does he like
coffee
or t
ea?
since We
shall
forgive her since
she
s
sorry.
so
They
we
re
tired so they
left
early
.
so
that
I shout
ed
so
that he could hea
r me.
then
I brush
my teeth then
I
comb my
hair.
unless You wi ll miss
the
bus unless
you
hurry up.
until
You must
wait
here
until
your
mother comes
.
whenever
The
baby
cries
whenever
she
is hu
ngry.
whether I m not sure whether
he
s sick.
while
The
phone rang while
I
was
cooking.
a
C. '00
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An
interjection
s
a
word or
a
group of
words
that
expresses strong feelings or surprise.
It
s
usually added
on to
the
beginning
of a sentence
and
can
be fo
l
lowed
by
a comma or
an exclamat
ion
mark.
Common
Interjections:
Ah Ah
Th
s s much be
tter.
Aha
Good
grief
Hey
Hurray
My
goodness
Oh
Oh
no
Oops
Ouch
Ugh
Whew
Wow
Yes
Interjections
Aha Here
they are
Good
grief
Why
aren't
you
out
of bed?
Hey
,
keep
off the gr
ass
Hurray
, we are
the
champ
ions
My goodness
You
ate up
all the
choco
lates
Oh
,
what
a
lovely
day
Oh no We
' II
never
finish
our
work in
time
Oops
I
have dropped my
ring.
Ouch You
stepped
on
my
toes.
Ugh There is a
worm
in the apple.
Whew ,
t
hat was
close
Wow , look
at those diamonds
Yes You've got
it right
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rticles
We use a or an for singular coun table
nouns
We use a
before
a word which
begins
with a
consonant
sound
a boy
a cat
a dog
a fan
a g
oat
a h
at
•
OJUg
a k ite
a lion
a m
ug
a nest
•
a pen
guin
a queue
a rat
a song
a tap
a vase
a w
atch
a xyl
ophone
a yolk
a zeb ra
©Teachers
Production
a b rave he ro
a care l
ess
pupil
a delicious ice cream
a f
ierce eagle
a g
ood idea
a hot
pie
a Japanese lantern
a k
ind
nurse
a loving
fa
t
her
a m
orning
wa
lk
a new bed
a p
oor kitten
a quiet mouse
a red apple
a sail i
ng
boat
a ta ll bu ild i
ng
a vain girl
a w eak heart
a X
erox
machine
a yellow bus
•
a zippy ca r
0
0
0
,
,
rticles
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lo> Although
the
following words begin with a vowel,
they
have
a
beginning consonant
sound:
a Eurasian
a European
a
ukelele
•
a unicorn
a uniform
a
unique thing
a university
a
usef
ul too l
a U-turn
;; We use befo re a word which begins with a vowe l
sound or a silent h .
a
e
•
I
0
h
u
e
I
0
h
u
rticles
an
a
pp
le
an
e
gg
an island
an o
range
an hour
an umbrella
an angry
bul
l
an e a rly
reply
an i
ced
drink
an open window
an
ho
no
r
able judge
an
u
gly monster
an x-ray machine
an a
rmy
an
e
agle
an
insect
an oven
an
ho
nest
man
an
uncle
•
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We
use
a or when we refer to something for the
first
time.
We use the when we refer to
t
he same thing again.
I
saw
a
girl with
an
elephant
l
Late0
th girl rode on th
elephant
boy came
with a
banana
r
Q
e fed th banana to th
elephant
II
We
use
the
when
there
is
only
one
such thing.
We
a lso use the before a superl
ative form of
an
adjective.
he sun is hot
Joshua po
ints
to th
moon
his is th
shortest way to
th
airport
, - -----------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
·
, '
, '
.
the
equator
the
centre
the
earliest
t
he moon
the
east/wes
t the cleverest
t
he
North Pole the
north/south
the
fat
test
: t
he
sky the
right/
l
eft
the
best/worst
l
• •
.
'
1
t
he
sun the
top/bottom
the
most/least j
.
,
, ,
' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
We use
the before
the
names
of
rivers,
mountains
,
oceans
and
particular
places
:
,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
,
'
, '
the
Atlantic Ocean
the
Keppel Harbour
the Bl
ack
Sea the Lido Cinema
the
Himalayas
the Mandarin Hotel
the Singapore River the
National
Library
'
•
\ '
,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;
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Punctuation
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••• •
~ The
c pit l
letter is used to start a
sentence:
He
is
happy.
All
proper
nouns
also
begin
with
a
capital
letter:
o n d ~ Vincent/
China/ Prime Minister
When we quote
something
we also use a capital
letter:
She
said The dog
is vefY sick.
Titles
of
books
poems
and
newspapers
are written like these:
Three l ittle Pigs/
The
Straits
limes
When we
refer to
ourselves, we use the
cap
ital I :
My sister and went
to
Sentosa last week.
~ The
full stop { . ) is used to
mark the
end
of a
sentence:
She
puts
fresh flowers
into the
vase.
~
The
comm
{ , )
is
used
to separate
words
in a list:
Mother
bought
eggs/ vegetables/
fish
andmeat
t
is also used to
separate
a quotation from the rest
of
the
sentence:
My
aunt
said, Zet/s go shopping.//
When
we want to
show
a
pause
in
passage
or
sentence we also use a comma :
While she was dfYing
her
clothes,
hermother
called.
Punctuation @ ©Teachers Production
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lo> The question
ark
(
? )
is used at
the
end of a
quest
i
on:
Do
y
ou want
to
buy
this
bag
?
49
lo> The postrophe ( ' ) is used in contractions :
can '
t/
couldn '
t/
hasn't won't o 'clock
It is also
used
to show ownership or p ossession:
John
'sbook
the
girls' dolls/ children 's toys
lo> The
exclamation
mark (
)
is used
af
ter inte rjections
or
wo
rds
which
show
surprise:
Wo
w/
Oh
l
Aha
l Hurray/ Help/
Ouch
i
~ \ W ~ r ~ U ~ ~
P
1
\ )
9
lo> The quot tion m rks ( " " )
are
used in direct
speech to
enclose
the
words spoken
by
a pe rson:
Jenn
y said "I would like to have a cup of ea. "
"Stop that thief " said
the policeman
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A g
Y,t g n9 b ~ t ~ 9 ~ I J 9
People
Adult
emperor
empress
father mother
king,
queen
man woman parent
-
. .
n imals
Adult
1
Young
bear
I
cub
bird
nestling
butterfly
caterpillar
cat
kitten
chicken chick
cow
calf
dog
puppy
duck
duckling
eagle
eaglet
elephant
calf
fish
fry
fox
cub
frog toad
tadpole
dults and their Young
Young
• •
prince
princess
son,
daughter
• •
prince princess
baby child
__..
•
Adult
goat
goose
horse
leopard
lion
moth
mosquito
ow l
•
pig
sheep
swan
tiger
wolf
Young
kid
gosling
foal
cub
cub
ca
t erpillar
wriggler
ow l
et
piglet
lamb
cygnet
cub
cub
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nimal Sounds
nd
Motions
•• ••• •••••• •
••• •
••••• ••• •
•••• •• ••• ••• •• •
•
Anima ls make soun s and motions unique to their kind
nimal Sound Motion
bear
grow ls
lumbers
bee hums buzzes flits
beetle d rones
crawls
bird
chirps flies
bull
bellows
charges
cat
meows
purrs steals
cock crows struts
cow lows moos
wande
rs
crow
caws flaps
dog
barks growls runs
donkey
b rays trots
dove coos flu tters
duck quacks wadd les
eagle screams swoops
elephant trumpets
ambles
fr
og
croaks leaps
hen cackles clucks struts
horse
neighs
gallops
~
J
. . . . 45?4 dfi\J• .....
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Production
@
nimals Sounds and Motions
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nimal Sound Motion
hyen
l ughs prowls
l
mb
ble ts frisks
lark
•
sings
soars
l
ion
roars
prowls
monkey ch tters c l
imbs
mouse
sque ks sc mpers
owl hoot
s
swoops
p rrot talks screeches flutters
person
talks
w lks
•
grunts
squeals
t
rotsig
•
flutters
igeon
coos
r bb it
sque
ls
le ps
r
ob
in
chirps
hops
se gul
l
scre ms glides
sn ke
hisses glides slithers
sp rrow
c hirps flits
sw llow twitters dives
turkey gobbles struts
wolf
howls
lopes
f
n imals Sounds and Motions
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~ 9 ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ Y P j ~ f t ~
bject Sound bject Sound
eropl ne zooms hinges cre k
bell pe ls
rings
hoofs
thunder
br ke
grinds
screeches
horn
toots hoots
bugle calls
kettle sings
whist
les
c ne wh cks
le ves
rustle whisper
ch in clanks rattles p per crinkle ru st le
clock ticks chimes r indrops p tter
•
clinksoin wailsiren
jingleoins ste m hisses
-
co
rk
pops telephone rings
door
b ngs
slams thunder c l
ps
roars
drum be ts
rolls train rumbles
•
throbs purrs
ngine trumpet
blares
toots
explosion
blasts w tch ticks
feet shuffle
st mp
w ter
l ps drips
splashes
glass tinkles
whip
cr cks
lashes
guit r strums
whist
le shrieks
gun booms wind howls sighs
he rt throbs be ts wood cre ks
I • -
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rchitect
rtist
rtiste
stron ut
uthor
b rber
bellboy
bl cksmith
butcher
c rpenter
chef
cobbler
cur tor
dentist
doctor
explorer
f rmer
fishmonger
florist
fruiterer
grocer
h wker
invigil tor
•
ironmonger
Occupations
draws the designs
of
buildings
draws, paints or
m kes
sculptures
sings,
d nce
or
cts
in
public
travels to
sp ce
writes books
c uts
his
customers hair
works
in
a hotel
nd c r
ries the guests l
ugg ge
m kes
things out of iron
kills
n
im
ls
cuts t
hem up
nd
sells
the
me t
m kes
things
ou
t
of wood
{
-
cooks
in
a res
t ur nt
mends shoes
is in ch rge of a museum or art gallery
ex mines nd
treats people s
teeth
treats
people
who re
ill
m kes journeys of discovery
works on a
f
rm
sells
fish
sells flowers
sells fru it
sells dried
food
, preserved
food nd other
household
products
sells
food
or
goods in the
stree
ts or t
food
centres
w tches over people t king examinations to
prevent che ting
de ls in iron
nd other
met l goods
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journalist
l wyer
librarian
mag c an
mech nic
news gent
plumber
policem n
porter
I
postm n
principal
referee
reporter
sailor
shepherd
soldier
surgeon
tailor
te cher
undert ker
veterinarian
w iter
w rden
zoologist
zookeeper
©Teachers
Production
writes articles
for newsp pers
or m g zines
defends people in a court
of
l
w
is
in ch rge of a library
is
n en
tert iner who performs m gic tricks
repairs motor
vehicles nd
m chines
sells
newsp pers
repairs pipes and fixtures in buildings
m int ins l w nd order
carries
tr veller
s b gs
t
airports, ra
il
w y
stations
nd
hotels
delivers letters nd p rcels
is in ch rge of a schoo l
is
a judge
of
a
g me
writes bout
events for
a
newsp pe
r
r dio
or television
works
on
a ship
looks fter sheep
•
serves n n
rmy
performs
oper tions in a
hospit l
m kes
c l
othes
te ches pupils
m n ges funerals
treats sick
nim ls
serves food nd drinks in a rest ur nt
gu rds
the prisons
: I
is
n
expert
in
nim ls
nd
their
beh viour
looks
fter
nim ls in a zoo
Occupations
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laces
•
pi ry
•
aquarium
auditorium
•
aviary
abattoir
arsenal
art gallery
b kery
barn
barracks
church
•
cinem
creche
den
dock
factory
g r ge
gymnasium
h ng r
laces
I
where
bees
re kept
where
fi
sh
nd other
m rine nim ls re
kept
nd
re red
or
exhibited
where
people go
to
see plays or listen
to
music, lectures, ...
where birds re kept
where nim ls re sl ughtered
where we pons
nd explosives
re
m de
nd
stor
ed
where
rt works
re
exhibited
where
bre d
nd c kes re m de
a
f rm building
whe re crops nd
food
for
nim ls
re stored or for keeping
nim ls
in
where soldiers live
where
Christians worship
where
films re
shown
whe re young children
re
looked fter while
their p rents re t
work
home
of the lions
where
ships
re built
or rep ired
whe re things a re m de
where
cars
re kept
or rep ired
a speci l hall th t has
equipment for
physic l exercises
where
eropl nes
re
kept nd rep ired
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hospit l
hotel
igloo
inciner tor
j il
kennel
l undry
libr ry
m rket
mint
mosque
museum
orch rd
orph n ge
pound
qu y
rest ur nt
•
reservoir
ty
st ble
the tre
viney rd
zoo
©Teachers
roduction
where sick
people
re tre ted
where
travellers m y stay
for
the
night
the
house
of n Eskimo
where
rubbish
is
burnt
where
prisoners
re locked up
a house
built for
a dog
where clothes re w shed nd ironed
where books a re kep t
for
public re di
ng
where me t nd veget bles re sold
where
coins
re
m de
where Muslims worship
where historical things
of
v lue re exhibited
where
fruit trees
re
grown
a
house for
orph ns
where
stray
nim ls
re kept
where
bo ts re lo ded nd unlo ded
where
people m y buy food nd
dr
i
nks
where
w ter is collected nd
stored
where pigs re kept
a house for a horse
a hall
where
plays
re
cted
on
st ge
a piece of
l nd
p l
ntedwith gr pevines
for
wine
production
where
nim ls
re kept nd exhibited
laces
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n t n Y m
An antonym
is
a
word that me ns the opposite
to
another
word
Description Action
absent present broad narrow
accept reject buy sell
add
subtract cheap
•
expensive
[d irty
live dead clean
all
none clever stupid
answer question coarse fine
asleep awake come
go
•
departrrive common
rare
attack
defend
cool warm
beautiful ugly cry laugh
bad good dangerous safe
before after dark bright
begin end dead
alive
bent straight
deep
j shallow
better worse die live
big small divide multiply
b lack white dry we t
blunt
sharp easy
difficult
bold timid empty fu
borrow
lend
fair dark
bright
dark/dull
false
true
• l
0
•
ntonyms
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Description Action
famous
fat
fertile
few
find
finish
first
foolish
forget
fresh
f
u
generous
•
give
good
happy
hard
hide
high
hot
humble
•
increase
• •
JO
In
•
JOY
• •
un or
kind
lazy
land
lead
light
_
©Teachers
Production
unknown
thin
barren
many
lose
start
last
.
wise
remember
stale
empty
selfish
take
bad
sad
soft
show
low
cold
proud
decrease
separate
sorrow
•
senior
c ruel
hardwo
rking
water
follow
heavy
long
lost
loud
love
most
more
neat
never
new
.
noisy
obey
open
pass
peace
polite
question
quick
rich
right
.
rise
rough
sharp
smile
sober
strong
success
sweet
talk
tall
short
found
soft
hate
least
less
untidy
_
always
old
quiet
command
close
fail
war
rude
answer
slow
_
poor
wrong
fall
smoo
th
blunt
frown
l
drunk
weak
failure
bitter
listen
short
Antonyms
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Description Action
teach learn
these those
t
hick
thin
this
that
tight
loose
tiny
huge
true
false
People
actor audience
adult
child
author reader
competi
tor
s
spectators
doctor
patient
dr
i
ver passenger
employer
employee
everybody nobody
father
son
friend
enemy
foe
giant dwarf
guardian
ward
hero
coward
ntonyms
victory
I
defeat
white f black
wide
nar
r
ow
wild
tame
•
Win
•
wise
work
host
leader
male
master
•
miser
motorist
mother
parent
policeman
shopkeeper
speaker
teacher
young
I
lose
foo
lish
res
t
guest
follower
female
servant
spendthrift
pedestrian
daughter
child
thief
customer
li
stener
pupil
old
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irection
bove
below
.
outn
•
dep rt inside outsiderrive
come go
left
right
e st
west north
south
entr nce
exit
nowhere
somewhere
f r
ne r over
under
forw rd
b ckw rd
top
bottom
front b ck up down
here there
upper
lower
Time
before fter
• •
morning evening
d y night now
then
d wn dusk often seldom
e rly
l te
present p st
__
ever
never summer winter
©Teachers
Production ntonyms
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1 9 D Y m
~
A
synonym s
a
word with
the
s me
me ning or nearly
the
same
meaning as another
word
affectionate
loving
comprehend
understand
aid help conceal
hide
ally friend conc l
ude
end
ancien t
old constable policeman
annual
ly yea rly
conversation
talk
attire clothes courage bravery
assemble
gather
courteous polite
astonish
• •
sly
urprise cunning
bad
evil
daring
brave
beautiful
attractive
dangerous risky
begin start
dear
•
expensive
behaviour conduct deceive cheat
beverages
drinks
decrease
reduce
blank
empty
demonstrate
show
big
large difficult hard
bottom
Ibase
disease sickness
bright shining eager keen
brief
Ishort
•
earn gain
broad wide
educate teach
cautious carefu l emperor king
cease stop enemy foe
centre
middle
enormous
huge
choose
select
fall drop
clever
intelligent
famous
well
-known
close
near
fatal
deadly
coarse rough fault error
Synonyms
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feeble
weak peculiar strange
fight battle profit
•
gain
gather
collec
t powerful strong
gay cheerful protect guard
glance
look purchase
buy
habit
custom
quantity amount
halt stop quiet silent
help
assist
rank
position
heroic
brave rapid quick
home residence
remedy
cure
imitate copy
remember
recollect
• •
ask
reluctant
unwillingnqu1re
intention purpose reveal
show
interior inside rich
wealthy
• •
unite
I
wander
O
In
roam
large
huge
robust strong
lean thin sadness sorrow
loya l
true
safe secure
mad angry c razy slender slim
•
border small littleargin
•
most smell scentaximum
• •
least
squander waste
n mum
modern new stern strict
moist
damp
stubborn obstina te
narrate tell
summit
top
obey respect
thief
burglar
odour
smell
tiny
small
often
frequent
trust
believe
option choice vacant empty
©Teachers
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A
homophone
s
a
word that sounds the s me as
another word
but
s different n spelling
nd me ning
•
heirir
foo
l tu II
aloud allowed fou l fowl
ate
eight fou r tore
bare
bear
grown
groan
-
bean
been hair
hare
blew
blue
hall
haul
board bored hea l hee l
boy
buoy
hear
here
brake break
higher
hire
buy by, bye him hymn
cent sent scent hole
whole
cheap cheep hour
our
coarse course
key quay
•
crews cruise knew new
dear
deer knight night
die dye knot not
fair tare
loan lone
flea flee
made
maid
hare
a ir
omophones
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mail
•
main
mea
t
muscle
none
pail
•
pain
.
pair
pause
peace
principal
•
ring
road
root
rose
sail
sea
sew
-
male
mane
meet
mussel
nun
pale
pane
pear
paws
•
piece
principle
.
wring
rode
route
rows
s
ale
see
so, sow
\ I
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o
0
,
\
sun
©Teachers
Production
0 0
sight
sole
son
soot
stair
stationary
tail
their
throne
too
•
vain
wa
ist
wait
weak
won
wood
write
you
son
site
soul
sun
suit
stare
stationery
tale
there
th rown
two
•
vein
waste
weight
week
one
would
right
ewe
omophones
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imiles
•• •
•
Similes
compare
2 things with similar
qualities.
nimals
as
agile
as a
monkey
as blind
as
a bat
as brave
as
a lion
as busy as
an ant I
bee
as crafty I
cunning
as
a fox
as fast I swift as a deer
as fat
as
a
pig
as fierce as a lion
as gent le as a
lamb/
dove
as
graceful
as a swan
as greedy
as
a pig
as
hairy as
a gorilla
as happy as a lark
as heavy as
an elephant
as hungry as a
wolf
I bear
as
playful
as a puppy
as
poor
as a
church
mouse
as
proud
as a
peacock
as quie t
as
a
mouse
as slippery as
an eel
as s
low
as a snail
I tortoise
as
strong
as
an
ox
as stubborn
as
a mu le I donkey
as
timid
as a
mouse
as wise as an owl
Similes
:s
I
• ....
...
.
..
' '
.
.
.
' .:
.
· ..
..
- ·
, .
'
..
.'
I
\ .
:; ./ .
i
\ • d
,
rn
;
11
• , ...._,,,
I
/
,
..._.,,,,,
•
©Teachers'
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eople
as happy as a
king
as helpless as a baby
as ki
nd
as a mother
as
mad
as a hatter
.
A
;
,
,
as strong as Hercules Samson
as tal l as a giant
-
as w ise as olomon
Things
as
alike as
two peas
as
bitter as
med
icine
as
black
as
coal soot
as brown as a berry
as
clea
r as glass a bell
as cold as ice
as
cool as a cucumbe r
as
coun t
less
as the stars
as dry
as
a bone
as
easy
as ABC
as fat as
butter
as fit as a fiddle
as
flat
as a
pancake
as fresh as paint a daisy
as
good
as
gold
as
green
as
grass
©Teachers
Production
as
hard
as iron
nail
s rocks
as
hot
as fire
as light as a feather
as loud as thu
nder
as old as the hills
as
pa
le as death
as quick as
lightning
as
regular
as the
clock
as
round
as a
ball
as sharp as a razor need le
•
as sour as vinegar
as straight as an
arrow
as
sweet
as
honey
as tough
as
le
ather
as
warm
as
wool
as white as snow
Similes
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Proverbs
•• ••• ••
Proverbs
are
short well known statements
that contain
advice about
life in
general.
action
pple
bed
begg r
bird
blood
broom
c ke
c t
charity
chicken
cloud
de f
dog
Proverbs
Actions
speak
louder
than
words.
An apple
a day keeps the doctor away.
Early to
bed early
to rise. Make a
man
healthy and
wise.
Beggars must
not
be chooser
s.
A
bird
in
the
hand
is
worth
two
in t
he
bush
.
Birds
of
the
same fea ther
flock
togethe r.
The
early
bird catches
the
worm.
Blood is
thicker
than
water.
New
brooms
sweep c lean.
You
cannot eat you
r
cake and have
it.
When
the
cat is away the mice w ill
play.
Charity begins at home.
Don t count you r
chickens
betore
they are
hatched.
Eve ry c
loud
has a si
lver
lining.
None
so
deaf as those
who
will
no
t
hear.
Barking
dogs
seldom bite .
Let
sleeping
dogs lie.
z . Z-
• • • • •
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eggs Don
t put all
your eggs
in one
basket.
exch nge
Fair
exchange s no robbery.
f ther
Like fa ther, like son.
fire
first
frien
fruit
h ste
h y
he ds
he rt
honesty
hungry
invention
l te
le k
leop rd
lo f
©Teachers
Production
ire
s
a
good
servant
but
a
bad
master.
There
s no smoke
without fire .
Out of the frying pan i
nto
the fire.
irst
come
first
served
.
A
friend
in
need is
a
friend
indeed
.
Forbidden
fruit tastes
sweet.
More haste
less
speed.
Make hay while the
sun shines.
Two heads are
better
than one .
Absence makes the
heart
grow
fonder.
Honesty s the best policy.
A hungry
man is
an angry man.
Necessity
s
the mother of invention.
Better
late
than never.
A small
leak
will sink a great ship .
A
leopard
does
not change
i
ts
spots.
Half a loaf s
better than
none.
Proverbs
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look
me t
mind
•
m ss
money
needle
news
penny
•
piper
pot
pr ctice
pride
ro
rod
see
shy
silence
slow
Proverbs
Look before
you leap .
One man
1
s
meat
is another man s poison.
Great
minds think
alike
.
Out
of
sight,
out
of
mind
.
A miss is as good as a
mile
.
A
fool and his
money
are soon parted
.
Look
for a needle in a
haystack
.
No news is good news.
A
penny
saved
is
a
penny
gained.
He who pays the piper, calls the tune .
Let no t
the
pot call
the
kettle black.
Practice
makes perfec
t .
Pride goes before a fa ll
Rob Peter to pay Pau
l
Spa
re
the
rod
and
sp oil
the
child.
Seeing is bel ieving.
Once bi
tt
en twice shy.
Silence means
conse
nt.
Speech
is silver,
silence
is go lden .
Slow and
steady
wins
the race.
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soup
stitch
stone
str w
sw llow
time
tool
tr des
tur
•
union
vessel
w it
w ter
well
will
work
worth
Too many
cooks
spoil the soup.
A
stitch
in time saves
nine.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
A
drown
i
ng man
will c l
utch at
a
straw
.
T
he
last straw breaks a camel s back.
One
swa llow
does
not make
a
summer.
Lost time s
never
found .
A
bad workman
quarrels
with his too
l
s
Jack of
all
trades,
master
of none.
One
good
turn deserves
another
.
Union is
strength
Empty
vessels
make
the
most
noise.
Time and tide wait
for no
man.
We
neve
r
miss
the
water
till the
well
ru
ns
dry.
Still wate rs run deep.
All s
well
t
hat
ends well.
Where
there s a will the re s a
way.
All work
and no play makes Jack
a dull
boy
.
What s worth
do
ing
is
worth
doing
well .
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dioms
n idiom
s
a fixed group of words with a
special
meaning which s
diffe
rent
from
the meanings of the
individu
a l words.
Keyword diom
eaning
air
build castles in
the
air
day
dr
eam
arm receive with
open
arms
to
welcome
heartily
bad
ball
beat
behind
black
book
bucket
carry
cat
chicken
dioms
a
bad
egg
keep the
ball
rolling
beat abou t the bush
ta
lk
behind
one
1
s
back
put it in
black and
white
a
bookworm
to kick
the
bucket
carry
on
let the
ca t
out
of
the
bag
ch icken-hearted
a
bad
person
keep
things
going
on
talk
about
a thing in
an indirect manner
talk about a person
without
him
knowing
put it in writing
a great reade r
to die
continue
let out the
secret
timid
or
cow
ardly
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Keyword
coat
cock
colour
crocodile
dead
down
diom
cut you r co t
ccording
to
your
cloth
a cock nd bull story
pass with flying colours
shed
crocodile tears
de d broke
ups nd downs
elephant a white
eleph nt
eleven
t
the
eleventh hour
eye
feet
fence
©Teachers
Production
n eye for
an
eye
keep n eye
on
see eye to
eye
stand on
one
s own
feet
sit on the fence
eaning
spend on ly wh t you
c n
fford
n unbeliev ble
story
do
very we ll in a test
• • •
ns ncere
expression
of sorrow
no
money
good times nd b d
times
a useless object
which
is
expensive
to
upkeep
t
the
last
moment
to
retu
rn
evil for evil
w tch or supervise
c refully
gree entirely
be
independent
t ke
no sides in a
deb te or qu rrel
Idioms
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Keyword diom
finger
at
one
s finger tips
foot
fire
good
goat
green
hand
hard
,_
hat
heels
dioms
foot the bil l
put one
s
foot
down
put your foot in your
mouth
play with fire
a
good for nothing
be a
scapegoat
to
have green eyes
live from hand
to
mouth
hard and fast rule
hard of hearing
pass
the hat round
take
to one s heels
eaning
know
thoroughly
pay the bill
put a stop to
something
say something without
thinking
do a thing
which
may
be
dangerous
a useless person
get blamed
for
other
people s mistakes
to
be jealous
with
enough money
to live from day to
day only
very strict rule
quite deaf
ask
for donation
from
people around
flee or run away
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