Muscle and Nervous Tissue
Types of Muscle and Nervous Tissue
1. Muscle tissue (muscle system)● Skeletal muscle (muscles attached to the skeleton)● Smooth muscle (muscles lining hollow organs)
● Cardiac muscle (heart)
4. Nervous tissue (nervous system)
○ neuron
○ glial cells
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Figure 4.10a Muscle tissues.
(a) Skeletal muscle
Description: Long, cylindrical,multinucleate cells; obviousstriations.
Function: Voluntary movement;locomotion; manipulation of theenvironment; facial expression;voluntary control.
Location: In skeletal musclesattached to bones oroccasionally to skin.
Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (approx. 460x).Notice the obvious banding pattern and thefact that these large cells are multinucleate.
Nuclei
Striations
Part ofmuscle fiber (cell)
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Figure 4.10b Muscle tissues.
(b) Cardiac muscle
Description: Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate atspecialized junctions (intercalated discs).
Function: As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control.Location: The walls of the heart.
Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (500X);notice the striations, branching of cells, andthe intercalated discs.
Intercalateddiscs
Striations
Nucleus
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(c) Smooth muscle
Description: Spindle-shapedcells with central nuclei; nostriations; cells arranged closely to form sheets.
Function: Propels substancesor objects (foodstuffs, urine,a baby) along internal passage-ways; involuntary control.
Location: Mostly in the wallsof hollow organs.
Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (200x).
Smoothmusclecell
Nuclei
Figure 4.10c Muscle tissues.
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Figure 4.9 Nervous tissue.
Photomicrograph: Neurons (350x)
Function: Transmit electricalsignals from sensory receptorsand to effectors (muscles andglands) which control their activity.
Location: Brain, spinalcord, and nerves.
Description: Neurons arebranching cells; cell processesthat may be quite long extend fromthe nucleus-containing cell body;also contributing to nervous tissueare nonirritable supporting cells(not illustrated).
Dendrites
Neuron processes Cell body
Axon
Nuclei ofsupportingcells
Cell bodyof a neuron
Neuronprocesses
Nervous tissue
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Skeletal muscle
muscles attached to the skeleton
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Smooth muscle
muscles lining hollow organs
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Cardiac muscle
heart
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Motor Neuron Junction
Where motor nerves meet skeletal muscle
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Nervous tissue
nervous system