Download - Motivation / Background
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8-years of global observations of water 8-years of global observations of water isotopologues in the stratosphere and isotopologues in the stratosphere and
mesosphere by the Odin satellitemesosphere by the Odin satellite
J. Urban, D.P. Murtagh, P. Eriksson, ... J. Urban, D.P. Murtagh, P. Eriksson, ... Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SwedenChalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
E. Dupuy, Y. Kasai, K. Walker, P. Bernath, G. Stiller, J. Steinwagner, ...E. Dupuy, Y. Kasai, K. Walker, P. Bernath, G. Stiller, J. Steinwagner, ...NICT Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; University of Toronto, Canada; KIT Karlaruhe; University of Utrecht NICT Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; University of Toronto, Canada; KIT Karlaruhe; University of Utrecht
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Motivation / BackgroundMotivation / Background Water vapourWater vapour
Important greenhouse gas in UT/LSImportant greenhouse gas in UT/LS Middle atmospheric chemistry (source of HOx)Middle atmospheric chemistry (source of HOx)
Main water isotopologues:Main water isotopologues:
H2O-16, H2O-18, H2O-17, HDO, ...H2O-16, H2O-18, H2O-17, HDO, ...
VMSOW: VMSOW: 0.997, 0.00199, 0.00037, 0.0003, ... 0.997, 0.00199, 0.00037, 0.0003, ...
Changes of isotope ratio in the atmosphere: Changes of isotope ratio in the atmosphere: Condensation/evaporation processes (clouds, rain, Condensation/evaporation processes (clouds, rain,
vertical/horizontal transport)vertical/horizontal transport) Atmospheric chemistry (e.g. methane oxidation, ozone Atmospheric chemistry (e.g. methane oxidation, ozone
chemistry)chemistry)
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MeasurementsMeasurements
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Microwave limb sounding: major water linesMicrowave limb sounding: major water lines
Aura/MLS
183GHz
Odin/SMR489+557GHz
UARS/MLS 183GHzMAS/ATLAS (Space Shuttle)
JEM/SMILES
1991 20042001 2009
MLS183GHz
489GHz 557GHz
O2 O2
H2O H2O
SMR SMILES
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The Odin satelliteThe Odin satelliteOdin - Swedish led mini-satellite,cooperation with Canada, Finland, France.
SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer)
OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System)
Launched in February 2001.
50% astronomy, 50% aeronomy.
Limb-sounding in aeronomy mode,
Polar sun-synchronous orbit: near global daily coverage.
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Odin/SMR spectral rangeOdin/SMR spectral range
H2O, HDO,H2O-18, O3-18
490GHz
H2O-17, O3, NO551GHzClO, O3,
N2O, UTH501GHz
O3, HNO3,H2O, UTH, T
544GHzH2O, O3, T
557GHzCO, O3, T576GHz
Receiver A2 Receiver A1 Receiver B1
Receiver B2
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Odin/SMR Water Isotope Mode: HOdin/SMR Water Isotope Mode: H22O, HDO, HO, HDO, H22O-18O-18
Chalmers-v2.1
490.4 GHzband
488.9 GHzband
~ 20 km
~ 35 km
~ 50 km
H2O-16
H2O-18O3-16
HDO
O3-18-symO3-18-asym
O3-17-asym
tropics - 2002-10-26
O3-img
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Odin/SMR water isotope modeOdin/SMR water isotope mode
Retrieved profiles of H216O @ 488.9 GHz and HDO @ 490.4 GHz
• Simultaneous retrieval of H216O, O3, H2
18O / HDO, 18O3-asym, 18O3-sym, scan-bias, linear baseline (offset), temperature, and continuum
tropics - 2002-10-26 HDO (4.2S/129.9E)H216O (0.3S/106.5E)
Chalmers-v2.1
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HH22O-17 @ 551.7 GHzO-17 @ 551.7 GHz
21 km
36 km
50 km
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Odin/SMR 544.6 GHz water vapour Odin/SMR 544.6 GHz water vapour
tropics: altitude range ~16-25km
Lower stratospheric water vapour retrieved from H2O continuumLower stratospheric water vapour retrieved from H2O continuum
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Global distributionGlobal distribution
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Odin Odin water water
isotopeisotopemodemode
2008 - Sep - 13
2008 - Sep - 5
H2O-16
H2O-18
H2O-17
HDO
Maps at 35km!
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Strato-mesospheric HStrato-mesospheric H22O-17 / 2007O-17 / 2007
Chalmers-v2.1 H2O-17 @ 551.7 GHz
Jul
OctApr
Jan Jul
OctApr
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Water isotopes: seasonal averages 2001-2006Water isotopes: seasonal averages 2001-200615-85
km
v2.1
H2O HDO H218O
DJF
MAM
JJA
SON
90S EQ 90N 90S EQ 90N 90S EQ 90N
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Intercomparison with Intercomparison with MIPAS and ACE/FTSMIPAS and ACE/FTS
H2OH2O
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H2O: comparison Odin, HALOE, MIPAS, ACEH2O: comparison Odin, HALOE, MIPAS, ACE - tropics - - tropics -
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Intercomparison with Intercomparison with MIPAS and ACE/FTSMIPAS and ACE/FTS
HDOHDO
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HDO zonal mean: ACE/FTS vs Odin/SMRHDO zonal mean: ACE/FTS vs Odin/SMR 20ºS-20ºN 30ºN-60ºN 70ºN-90ºN
[courtesy: Eric Dupuy, K. Walker]
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HDO: MIPAS - Odin - ACEHDO: MIPAS - Odin - ACE
[comparison: J. Steinwagner]
20km
26km
23km 26km
29km 32km 35km
September - October - November
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Tape-recorderTape-recorder
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Odin tropical H2O & HDO "tape-recorder"Odin tropical H2O & HDO "tape-recorder"
Chalmers-v2.1 data
[email protected]@490.4GHz
daily zonal meansChalmers-v2.0 data
[email protected]@544.6GHz
daily zonal means- 10day moving average
[email protected]@488.9GHz
Chalmers-v2.1 datadaily zonal means - 10day moving average
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Odin/SMR Odin/SMR water isotopologues:water isotopologues:
2001-20102001-2010
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Equivalent latitude Equivalent latitude time-series @ 655Ktime-series @ 655K
H2O-16H2O-16
H2O-18H2O-18
H2O-17H2O-17
HDOHDO
Odin/SMR water isotopologues
Chalmers-v2.1 data
~25km
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Equivalent latitude Equivalent latitude time-series @ 960Ktime-series @ 960K
H2O-16H2O-16
H2O-18H2O-18
H2O-17H2O-17
HDOHDO
Odin/SMR water isotopologues
Chalmers-v2.1 data
~32km
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Odin/SMR Odin/SMR H2O-18H2O-18@ 655K@ 655K
[email protected] / Chalmers [email protected] / Chalmers v2.1
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Polar winter descentPolar winter descent
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H2O-18 @ 488.9GHzH2O-18 @ 488.9GHztime-series:time-series:
high latitudes high latitudes
Water isotope modeIM_AC2ab, IM_AC2c
target species:H2O, H2O-18, HDO
2001-2008~1 observation day per week
smoothed over 30 dayszonal averages70-90S, 70-90N
SH
NH
H2O-18H2O-18
anomaly
anomaly
VMR
VMR
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Odin/SMR H2O-18 at high eqv. latitudesOdin/SMR H2O-18 at high eqv. latitudes
1200K
840K
655K
520K
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Time-seriesTime-series
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Evolution of Evolution of Odin/SMR water Odin/SMR water
isotopesisotopesH2O 375-425K( ~16.5-18.5km)
H2O 475-825K( ~20-30km)
HALOE H2OOdin H2O 544.6GHzOdin H2O 488.9GHz
Odin HDOOdin H2O-17Odin H2O-18
ACE H2OACE HDO
MIPAS H2O
Odin water isotopes: 2001-2010
tropics, zonal mean
H2O 825-1400K( ~30-40km)
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Odin water isotopes: 2001-2010
tropics, zonal mean
Evolution of Evolution of Odin/SMR water Odin/SMR water
isotopesisotopes
H2O 475-825K( ~20-30km)
HALOE H2OOdin H2O 544.6GHzOdin H2O 488.9GHz
Odin HDOOdin H2O-17Odin H2O-18
ACE H2OACE HDO
MIPAS H2O
H2O 825-1400K( ~30-40km)
H2O 375-425K( ~16.5-18.5km)
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H2O evolution / tropicsH2O evolution / tropics
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Water vapour / 30°S to 30°N / 25-35 km
SAGE
Odin/SMR
HALOE
Aura/MLS
H2
O a
no
ma
ly
[%]
Year
[Jones et al., ACP-2009]
1984-2008 - deseasonalized and combined data sets
green: all instrument weighted mean
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Odin Odin carrying carrying SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer)SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) launched in February 2001launched in February 2001
now: now: ~9 years of observations~9 years of observations starting from Nov 2001 (quasi-global coverage). starting from Nov 2001 (quasi-global coverage). Continued operation through 2010 (ESA third party mission, 100% aeronomy).
Strato-mesospheric water vapour isotopologues:Strato-mesospheric water vapour isotopologues:
HH22O, HDO, HO, HDO, H22O-18, O-18, OO33-isotopes around 490GHz:-isotopes around 490GHz:
~4 days / month, Nov 2001 - , strat-mesosphere (~18/20-75km), now ~8 days / month
HH22O-17,O-17, NO, O NO, O33, T at 551GHz:, T at 551GHz:
~1 day / month, Oct 2003 - , strat-mesosphere (~20-75km), now ~4 days / month
Odin/SMR operational level-2 data: Chalmers-v2.1.
Quality assessment ongoing, e.g. MIPAS and ACE (H2O, HDO) intercomparison
SummarySummary
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Summary: Odin H2O assessment (strat.)Summary: Odin H2O assessment (strat.) Odin stratospheric water vapour products:Odin stratospheric water vapour products:
1. Lower stratospheric H2O1. Lower stratospheric H2O at ~16-20km: 544.6GHz (v2.0) at ~16-20km: 544.6GHz (v2.0)
[email protected]@544.6GHz agrees well with HALOE in 375-425K (~16-19km) range, but agrees well with HALOE in 375-425K (~16-19km) range, but biased low at 425-500K (and not useful above).biased low at 425-500K (and not useful above).
2.2. Strato-mesospheric H2OStrato-mesospheric H2O, ~20-75km: 488.9GHz (v2.1), ~20-75km: 488.9GHz (v2.1)
[email protected]@488.9GHz agrees with HALOE in 500-1000K (~21-30km) range, agrees with HALOE in 500-1000K (~21-30km) range, but generally lower than ACE and CFH sondes. Low biased in middle but generally lower than ACE and CFH sondes. Low biased in middle and upper stratosphere and mesosphere. and upper stratosphere and mesosphere.
3.3. Strato-mesospheric HDOStrato-mesospheric HDO, ~18-70km: 490.4GHz (v2.1), ~18-70km: 490.4GHz (v2.1)
[email protected] [email protected] shows negative bias compared to MIPAS and ACE in shows negative bias compared to MIPAS and ACE in the (18-35km) range covered by the IR measurements. the (18-35km) range covered by the IR measurements.
4.4. Strato-mesospheric H2O-18Strato-mesospheric H2O-18, ~20-70km: 488.9GHz (v2.1), ~20-70km: 488.9GHz (v2.1)5.5. Strato-mesospheric H2O-17Strato-mesospheric H2O-17, ~20-80km: 551.7GHz (v2.1), ~20-80km: 551.7GHz (v2.1)
no correlative datano correlative data
H2O-16: Similar (seasonal, QBO) variability as HALOE, MIPAS, ACE in the H2O-16: Similar (seasonal, QBO) variability as HALOE, MIPAS, ACE in the relevant layers 375-425K (544.6GHz) and 500-1000K (488.9GHz).relevant layers 375-425K (544.6GHz) and 500-1000K (488.9GHz).
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Thank you!Thank you!