Download - morphometric analysis
f~wgiƒcwgwZ we‡klb (Morphometric Analysis) m¤ú‡K© Professor of
Geography, Cambridge University Richard J. Chorley Gi e³e¨ n‡”Q- The
need for the precise description of the geometry of landforms,
particularly those of domnantly fluvial erosive origin, has been a
recurring theme in geomorphology.This topogrphic, hydraulic and
hydrological unity of the basin provieded the basis for the
Morphometric system of R.J. Horton(1954), as elaborated by
Strahler(1964), and it is now employed as a basic erosional landscape
element.
-Introduction to fluvial processes, 1977.
b`xgvjv AeevwnKvi Aa¨q‡bi KviY-K) b`x wbqš¿‡bi Rb¨;L) cvwb mieivn Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨ I M) cvwb P‡µi Ae¯’v Rvbvi Rb¨|
AeevwnKvi ‰ewkó¨ we‡klb-wewfbœ b`x weÁvbx AeevwnKvi ‰ewkó¨‡K wewfbœ fv‡e we‡klb K‡i‡Qb|
Horton,(1932) Ges j¨vs‡eb(1947) AeewnKvMZ w`K †_‡K b`x‡K we‡klb K‡i‡Qb| Djg¨vb (1967) b`x Ges DcZ¨Kvi w`K †_‡K b`x‡K we‡klb K‡i‡Qb|Rb÷b, µm Ges †MÖ b`xgvjv AeevwnKvi cÖwµqv mg~‡ni we‡klb K‡i‡Qb|÷ªjvi Ges †Pvwj© AeevwnKvi cÖwµqv I AvK…wZ‡K we‡klb K‡i‡Qb|
AeevwnKv b`x LvZ LÛvsk cÖ¯’
AvqZb AeevwnKv GjvKv b`x LvZ msjMœ AvqZb
b`x LÛvs‡ki AvqZb cÖ¯’‡”Q`AvqZb
ˆ`N©¨ AeevwnKv ˆ`N©¨ b`x LvZ ˆ`N©¨, b`xgvjv NbZ¡
b`x LÛvs‡ki ‰`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i ˆ`N©¨
AvK…wZ AeevwnKv AvK…wZ RvwjKv AvK…wZ, b`x AvK…wZ
eµZv b`x LvZ AvK…wZ
cÖ‡¯’i AvK…wZ
eÜziZv| AeevwnKv eÜziZv ev AeevwnKv Xvj
RvwjKv eÜziZv ev RvwjKv Xvj ev b`x Xvj
b`x LvZ eÜziZv, b`x LvZ Xvj
eÜziZvi cÖ¯’‡”Q` MfxiZv
‡MÖMix I Iqvwjs b`xR f~wgiƒc we‡klb mviYx
b`xR f~wgiƒc we‡klb-1964 mv‡j ÷ªjvi b`xR f~wgiƒc†K mvavibZ wbgœwjwLZ wZb fv‡e we‡klb K‡ib -1| b`x AeevwnKvi mij ˆiwLK cÖK…wZ,2| b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZwbK cÖK…wZ I3| b`x gvjv AeevwnKv Ges b`x LvZ RvwjKv eÜziZv|
1| b`x AeevwnKvi mij ˆiwLK cÖK…wZt A) U‡cvjwR‡Kj `„wó‡KvY--b`x ch©vq µg (Order)wØfvRb AbycvZ (bifurcation ratio)Av) R¨vwgwZ¨K `„wó‡KvY b`xi ˆ`N©¨ (Stream Length)
b`xi Mo ˆ`N©¨( Average Stream Length)
b`xi ‰`N¨© AbycvZ (Stream -Length Ratio)
AeevwnKvi AwfKl© †K›`ª †_‡K `yiZ¡ (The Distance to the centre of Gravity of the Drainage
Basin)
`xN©¨Zg AeevwnKvi e¨v‡mi ˆ`N©¨b`xi ˆ`N©¨ I DcZ¨Kv ˆ`‡N©¨i AbycvZ
b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZwbK we‡klb (Areal aspects of the Basin)
K) b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZb (Area of the Basin)
L) AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ¡ (Drainage Density of the Basin)
M) AeevwnKv I AvqZ‡bi cvi¯úvwiK cv_©K¨ (Basin –Area Ratio)
N) AeevwnKvi AvK…wZ (Shape of the Basin)
b`x gvjv AeevwnKv Ges b`x LvZ RvwjKv eÜziZv (Relief aspects of the Basin)
K) b`x Lv‡Zi Xvj
L) AeevwnKvi Xvj
M) AeevwnKv eÜziZv
N) b`x ˆ`N©¨ I Xv‡ji m¤úK©
K) b`x ch©vq µg (Order)
mvs¸ b ` x
e v›` i e vb
c Ö_ g c h ©vq
2 q c h ©vq
3 q c h ©vq
4 _ ©c h ©vq
nU©‡bi b`x ch©vq µg
mvs¸ b ` x
e v›` i e vb
c Ö_ g c h ©vq
2 q c h ©vq
3 q c h ©vq
4 _ ©c h ©vq
Strahler Gi b`x ch©vq µg
mvs¸ b ` x
e v›` i e vb
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
11
1
1
1
11
11 1
1 1
1
11
1
12
2
2
2
2
22
2
5
14
18
28
19
5
9
‡kª‡fi b`x ch©vq µg
wØfvRb AbycvZ (bifurcation ratio)
Rb=Nu
Nu+1GLv‡b,
Rb= wØ-fvRb AbycvZ,Nu= †Kvb ch©v‡qi b`x Lv‡Zi †gvU msL¨v,Nu+1= cieZx© ch©v‡qi b`x Lv‡Zi †gvU msL¨v|
(k-u)
Nu= Rb
†Kvb ch©v‡qi b`x Lv‡Zi †gvU msL¨v (Nu) wbY©‡qi Rb¨wb‡gœv³ myÎ e¨envi K‡ib -
GLv‡b,
k= AeevwnKvi D”PZg ch©vq msL¨u = b`x avc ev ch©vq
g‡n
kL
vjx†P‡b
j
C `
Mv I
b ` x
A e
e v wn K v
C` MvI b ` x
K · e v R v i ‡R j v
K · e vR vi Dc ‡R j v
L) AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ¡ (Drainage Density of the Basin) t †Kvb GjvKvi b`x ¸‡jvi †gvU ˆ`N©¨‡K H GjvKvi AvqZb Øviv fvM Ki‡j AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ¡ cvIqv hvq|
GLv‡b,D =AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ¡,∑Lk=†Kvb GjvKvi b`x ¸‡jvi †gvU ˆ`N©¨, Ak =AeevwnKvi AvqZb|Dc‡ii wPÎ I mviYx †_‡K K·evRvi ‡Rjvi 35 wKwg ˆ`N©¨ wewkó C`MvI b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZb 142 eM© wKwg I b`x ¸‡jvi †gvU ˆ`N©¨ 516.2 wKwg| myZivs C`MvI AeevwnKvi b`x NbZ¡ 3.6 wKwg/ eM© wKwg|
Ak
LkD
g‡n
kL
vjx†P‡b
j
C `
Mv I
b ` x
A e
e v wn K v
C` MvI b ` x
K · e v R v i ‡R j v
K · e vR vi Dc ‡R j v
198wg
28wKwg
b`x Lv‡Zi Xvj tb`xi Drm n‡Z †gvnbv ch©š— D”PZv I Abyf~wgK `~i‡Z¡i AbycvZ‡K b`x Lv‡Zi Xvj ejv nq| b`x Lv‡Zi Xvj †K
wgUvi/wK‡jvwgUv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq| f~`„‡k¨ Xvj D‡jL †hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| Xvj wb®‹vkb aiY wba©vib K‡i Ges f~-c„‡ôi cwieZ©b NUvq| Xvj AeevwnKvi Dw™¢`, cÖvYx, emwZ , †mP, cwienb, AbycÖ‡ek, cvwb aviY, cvwb cÖevn BZ¨vw` wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| wewfbœ ch©v‡q b`xi Xvj mgvb _v‡K bv| mvavibZt 1g ch©v‡q b`xi Xvj †ekx _v‡K Ges b`xi ch©vq I Xvj wecixZ fv‡e m¤úK©hy³| wP‡Î C`MvI AeevwnKvi b`x Lv‡Zi Mo Xvj 5.65wg/ wKwg|
Xvj (S) =
H = †gvnbv n‡Z Drm ch©š— D”PZv(198 wg) L = b`x Lv‡Zi Abyf~wgK `~iZ¡(38 wKwg)| C`MvI b`x AeevwnKv,K·evRvi
L
H
K¨vwj‡dvwbq©v wek¦we`¨vj‡qi f~‡Mv‡ji mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK Leal A. K. Mertes
b`xLvZ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb- “River, any body of fresh water flowing from an
upland source to a large lake or to the sea, fed by such sources as
springs and tributary streams. The main parts of a river include a
channel, in which the water flows, and a floodplain—a flat region of a
valley on either side of the channel”. - Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2008.
÷ªjvi(1964) Gi g‡Z b`xLvZ nj cÖevwnZ cvwbi kw³i d‡j MwVZ GKwU mi“ evPIov, Mfxi ev AMfxi, †mvRv ev evuKv, Lvov mylg Xvj wewkó GB c_ hviga¨w`‡q axi ev cÖej †e‡M KL‡bv mweivg ev KL‡bv Aweivg fv‡e cvwbcÖevwnZ nq| Bnv KL‡bv Ggb mi“ nq †h GK jv‡dB cvi nIqv hvq Avevi K‡qKgvBj ch©š— cÖk¯’ n‡q _v‡K|
Meanders on the Severn
(middle course)
mvaviY fv‡e b`xi †h ¯’vbw`‡q cvwb cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K b`x LvZ e‡j| AvK…wZ I ˆewk‡ó¨i Dci wfwË K‡i b`x LvZ †K K‡qK fv‡e fvM Kiv hvq| George Harry Dury Introduction to Fluvial Processes cy¯—‡K G‡K AvU †kªbx‡Z fvM K‡i‡Qb|
†hgb-mwc©j (Meandering)
webywb (Braided)
mij (Straight)
Straight- simulating
Deltaic- distributary
Anabranching
Reticulate
Irregular.
mwc©j b`xLvZ (Meandering channel) tb`x Lv‡Z Pjvi c‡_ †h mvgÄm¨ c~Y© eµZvi m„wó K‡i Zv‡K mwc©j b`xLvZ (Meandering
channel) e‡j| Dbwesk kZvãxi ga¨fvM †_‡K mwc©j b`xLvZ(Meandering) Gi msL¨vZvwË¡Kw`K wb‡q cÖPzi M‡elYv n‡q‡Q| 1954 mv‡j cvwbweÁvbx iv‡gj b`xi mvgÄm¨ c~Y© eµZvi†¶‡Î Meander kãwU cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib
A Braided channel
is one that have
development into
sevsral channels
which successively
meet and redivided.
- Leopold Wolman
& Miller.