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Poly
podi
ales
Cya
thea
les
Psilo
tale
s
Salv
inia
les
Schi
zaea
les
Gle
chen
iale
s
Hym
enop
hylla
les
Osm
unda
les
Mar
attia
les
Equi
seta
les
Oph
yogl
ossa
les
Lycopodiidaecrvotočine
Spermatophytasjemenjače
središnje tankostjene paprati
tankostjene paprati (Leptosporangiatae)
Psilotidae
Mar
attii
dae
Equi
setid
ae
debelostjene papratiEusporangiatae
Monilophyta
ljuskavi listovi
sporangiji s drškomanulus, sorusi
člankovitagrađa stabljike
cjeloviti anulus
sporangiofor
elatere(haptere)
Polypodiidae
megafilisifonostela + eustela
eustela
cp DNA inverzija
heterosporija
Sistematska botanika 238-261Praktikum 36-47
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maleni broj predstavnikaneobične građa
fertilni diolista
asimilacijski diolista (bez palisadnogparenhima
terminalnisporangiji(strobilus)debelostijenisporangiji
Ophioglosum vulgatumBotrychium matricarifolium
Red: Ophioglossales (ca. 80 vrsta)
paprati debelostjenih sporangija!
O. reticulatum (n=720) HR: Ophioglossum 3 vrste, Botrychium 2 vrste
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Poly
podi
ales
Cya
thea
les
Psilo
tale
s
Salv
inia
les
Schi
zaea
les
Gle
chen
iale
s
Hym
enop
hylla
les
Osm
unda
les
Mar
attia
les
Equi
seta
les
Oph
yogl
ossa
les
Lycopodiidaecrvotočine
Spermatophytasjemenjače
središnje tankostjene paprati
tankostjene paprati (Leptosporangiatae)
Psilotidae
Mar
attii
dae
Equi
setid
ae
debelostjene papratiEusporangiatae
Monilophyta
ljuskavi listovi
sporangiji s drškomanulus, sorusi
člankovita građa stabljike
cjeloviti anulus
sporangiofor
elatere(haptere)
Polypodiidae
megafilisifonostela
eustela
cp DNA inverzija
heterosporija
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Preslice(Equisetum)
E. arvenseE. telmateiaE. sylvaticumE. pratense
E. palustreE. fluviatileE. ramosissimumE. hyemale - ugrožena (VU – osjetljiva)
E.variegatum
Red: Equisetales (15 vrsta)
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Tiaminaza – enzim koji razgrađujevitamin B1
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Karinalni kanalLisigena šupljina
Valekularni kanal
Provodna žila
Epiderma
Kora
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strobilus
nodij
skraćeniinternodiji
sporofilsporangij
uzdužnapukotinadržak
izosporedvoslojna stjenkadržak
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vlaga
haptere
suša
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red CalamitesIli kalamiti
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- razvojdebelostijenogsporangija
- razvoj tankostijenogsporangija
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Poly
podi
ales
Cya
thea
les
Psilo
tale
s
Salv
inia
les
Schi
zaea
les
Gle
chen
iale
s
Hym
enop
hylla
les
Osm
unda
les
Mar
attia
les
Equi
seta
les
Oph
yogl
ossa
les
Lycopodiidaecrvotočine
Spermatophytasjemenjače
središnje tankostjene paprati
tankostjene paprati (Leptosporangiatae)
Psilotidae
Mar
attii
dae
Equi
setid
ae
debelostjene papratiEusporangiatae
Monilophyta
ljuskavi listovi
sporangiji s drškomanulus, sorusi
cjeloviti anulus
sporangiofor
haptere
Polypodiidae
megafilisifonostela
eustela
cp DNA inverzija
heterosporija
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- 10500 vrsta, 35 porodica i 320 rodova
- kopnene izosporne (Polypodiales)- HR: 60-ak vrsta
- listovi megafili (obično perasto razdjeljeni), većinom sporotrofofili
- vodene heterosporne (Salviniales)- HR: 6 vrsta
- sifonostela
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- stabljika kratka u obliku rizoma (proizvodi nove listove megafile svake godine)
- korijenje adventivno nastaje iz stabljike pri bazi listova- u mladosti zavojita vernacija lista
Red Polypodiales
Rachis = os plojke
sporotrofofil
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- gametofiti nadzemni
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- tankostjeni sporangiji skupljeni u soruse na donjoj strani lista
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- kopneni obliciizosporna izmjena generacija
- vodeni oblici hetersporna izmjenageneracija
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Asaplenium trichomanes ‘ - smeđa slezenica
Asplenium ruta-muraria – zidna slezenica
Dryopteris filix-mas – muška paprat
- ženska paprat
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Gymnocarpium Dryopteris –glatka paprat
Adiantum capillus-veneris – gospin vlasak
Ceterach officinarum - zlatnjak
Polypodium vulgare - oslad
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Polystichum aculeatum- bodljikava paprat
Blechnum spicant - rebrača
Phylitis scolopendrium - jelenak
Pteridium aquilinum - bujad
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indol
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Poly
podi
ales
Cya
thea
les
Psilo
tale
s
Salv
inia
les
Schi
zaea
les
Gle
chen
iale
s
Hym
enop
hylla
les
Osm
unda
les
Mar
attia
les
Equi
seta
les
Oph
yogl
ossa
les
Lycopodiidaecrvotočine
Spermatophytasjemenjače
središnje tankostjene paprati
tankostjene paprati (Leptosporangiatae)
Psilotidae
Mar
attii
dae
Equi
setid
ae
debelostjene papratiEusporangiatae
Monilophyta
ljuskavi listovi
sporangiji s drškomanulus, sorusi
cjeloviti anulus
sporangiofor
haptere
Polypodiidae
megafilisifonostela
eustela
cp DNA inverzija
heterosporija
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porodica: Marsileaceae (
Marsilea quadrifolia
j
adventivno korijenje
Red Salviniales
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- unutar mikrospore se razvijaju dva anteridija s većim brojem spermatozoida- unutar megaspore se razvija samo jedan arhegonij
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porodica: SalviniaceaeSalvinia natans - nepačka
Barthlott et al. 2010. The Salvinia Paradox. Advanced Materials 22 (21) 2325–2328.
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- unutar mikrospore se razvijaju dva anteridija svaki s dva spermatozoida- unutar megaspore se razvija nekoliko arhegonija
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Azolla fluviatilis
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Anabena azolle – modrozelena alga
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Nitrogen fixation is a remarkable prokaryotic skill in which inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) is combined with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3). This vital process along with nitrification (formation of nitrites and nitrates) and ammonification (formation of ammonia from protein decay) make nitrogen available to autotrophic plants and ultimately to all members of the ecosystem. Although Azolla can absorb nitrates from the water, it can also absorb ammonia secreted by Anabaena within the leaf cavities.
Recent studies have shown that the actual site of nitrogen fixation occurs within the thick-walled heterocysts. As the heterocyst matures, the photosynthetic membranes (thylakoid membranes) become contorted or reticulate compared to regular photosynthetic cells of Anabaena, and they become non-photosynthetic (and do not produce oxygen). This fact is especially noteworthy because nitrogen fixation requires the essential enzyme nitrogenase, and the activity of nitrogenase isgreatly inhibited by the presence of oxygen.
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Pilularia minuta Durieu – sitna loptarka (Marsileaceae) CR kritično ugrožena
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Salvinia molesta
Cyrtobagous salviniae