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Modernising the public sector through the cloud
Alison Gillwald (PhD) & Mpho MoyoExecutive Director: Research ICT Africa RIA Associate
Adjunct Professor: University of Cape Town
RIA Workshop RANICTP2
Swiss International Lenana, 31 May 2017
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Working definition
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…ubiquitous
…convenient
…on-demand
…shared configurable resources
…rapidly provisioned
…minimal management, effort or service provider interaction
Cloud Computing
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Types of cloud
Cloud Computing
Private Cloud Public Cloud Hybrid Cloud a dedicated resource
provided by a cloud service provider for a single
client/user
an open resource open to the public
a mixture of the deployment models
SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, Cloud Consulting
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Cloud in the ICT Ecosystem
Integrated perspective of users, markets, networks, services, applications & content, determining governance, legal and regulatory frameworks
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ITU, ICANN, WTOGlobal/regional/Governance
Multi-lateral agencies
WB, AFDB, International Donors
Glo
bal p
laye
r and
ass
ocia
tions
StateConstitution
Goo
gle,
Fac
eboo
k, G
SMA
National/Industry formationsUnions, Industry associations, NGOs
Institutional Arrangements
NRA, CC, USF
Policy & Legal FrameworkM
arke
t Str
uctu
re
(Com
petit
ivene
ss)
Services
Networks
Apps Content
CLOUD
UsersConsumers Citizens
Affordability
Access
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Significance of the Cloud
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Value of cloud computing for the public sector
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Global standard for IT provision
Efficiency at reduced public resources
Key in times of stagnating economy and reduced
government spend Cost Savings Stimulates e-government
Generic benefits
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The South African Case
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Context
‣ ICT a key enabler for the achievement of government policies for economic growth and development
BUT…
‣ Lack of affordable always on, high-speed and high-quality bandwidth (a key cloud enabler)
AND…
‣ With some exceptions, Government has lagged behind the private sector in the strategic deployment of ICT
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Context (cont…)
AND…
‣ The private sector has cautiously adopted cloud computing, while response from government sluggish and uneven (SITA ‘initiative’ may fix this)
AND…
NO policy or uniform standards to direct the strategic development of cloud computing across the public sector
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Context
RESULTING IN…
‣ Growing frustration amongst government with the inability to deploy cloud services
HOWEVER…
‣ Independent government agencies and some of the larger metros not bound by the SITA Act have adopted cloud for non-critical functions
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Context
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Supplier driven
Increased use by private sector
Privacy and security concerns
Fears of redundancy in human resources
Slow modernisation of IT by government
protracted policy processes and delayed decision-making delaying adoption
early adoption of e-commerce and e-government
Disconnect between policy and implementation
Gvt. Uses cloud for non-critical processes
ICT skills shortage
Government specific
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Context (cont…)
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Technical barriers Managerial and organisational barriers Policy challenges
BroadbandIncoherent approaches to management
Inadequate frameworks
Vendor selection and quality of services
Data residency concerns Procurement permissions
Privacy and Security Data costsCybersecurity, trust, awareness
standards and interoperability
Policy guidelines, classification of data
No ‘cloud first’
Barriers to cloud adoption in public sector
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SA Cloud Readiness
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Strong legal frameworks in place to impact the development and adoption of cloud by the public sector….
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Policy & legal framework
üSector specific laws, institutional arrangements and capacity are weaker, slowing adoption (despite some progress)û
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facilitate access to IT resources on-demand without the need for significant capital expenditure….
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National Integrated ICT policy
�Through the NICTP government has identified the following areas key for cloud readiness….
South Africa has not explored additional capabilities of the Internet that can support more sustainable data management and digitisation….�South Africa will develop initiatives to promote localisation data centres to position South Africa as a data centre hub….�Government will monitor developments in relation to cloud computing to assess the need for specific rules, standards, regulations and/or guidelines on cloud computing�Government will embrace innovative ways of using the Internet and may develop relevant standards, policies and regulations relating to Digital Object Architecture…�
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Findings/Conclusions
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Key findings and conclusions
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Cloud services is best able to address the business challenges in the public
sector
Human resource implications/up-skilling
Funding lumpiness - shift from Capex to Opex
Institutional arrangements - cohesion
Fragmentation of mandate in government
Lack of coherent public policy/ public sector
guidelines
Restrictive procurement rules
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Recommendations
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Recommendations
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Improve availability and quality of broadband infrastructure (critical
mass, network effects, growth)
Position cloud as a solution to capital/skills
shortages
Create a secure, trusted environment for the
Internet (e-commerce, e-government)
Develop a cloud computing policy
framework for public sector
Enable shift from Capex to opex in public sector
Establishing government working group (SITA
(DTPS),GITOC, Treasury, academia/civil society)
Establish a designated champion for cloud computing services
Implement and enforce open and interoperable
standards to public procurement
Adopt best practices to develop security
framework for cloud services
Expand data classification guidelines
to include cloud computing
Provide guidance for cloud vendor
certification and compliance
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THANK YOUFor full paper go to
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