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Network 101Network 101
1. Basic Knowledge for Audio Network• What is network? What are elements?• Protocol of PC network
2 PC Network & Audio Network2. PC Network & Audio Network• Difference between PC Network and Audio Network• Benefit of Audio Network and new factor• Benefit of Audio Network and new factor
3. Audio Network feature• CobraNet, EtherSound, SuperMac/HyperMac,• A-Net Pro16/Pro64, Optocore
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1 1 What is Network?� 1. Basic Knowledge to understand Audio Network �
1-1. What is Network?
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What is Network ???– a stuff that is consisted by nodes and
routes, there is flow in it.
f Wiki difrom Wikipedia…Human networks
Business network, Entrepreneurial network, Social networkEconomic network, Old boy network,
MediaRadio network, Television network,
TechnologyElectrical networkComputer network, Telecommunications network, Energy transmission and distribution networks
Focus on “computer network” !
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Definition of Network in General
C i d b h h d l• Consisted by more than three nodes, alsopossible to communicate each other
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“Non-Network”
“Point to Point”• “Point to Point”• Communication between two nodes
e.g. RS232, AES/EBU, MADI etc.
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Criterion for separation?p
AES/EBU is Point to Point• AES/EBU is Point to Pointbut… utilizing with matrix router, it works as Network g
• Computer Network is…connection PC and switch is Point to Point
�we call its mass ”Network”�
There is no clear criterion...
But, the separation helps to understandfeatures of a format
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Pros / Cons
• “Point to Point” style format has…E t lik l i i– Easy to use, like analog wiring
– Less flexibility comparing “Network”
• “Network” style format hasNetwork style format has…– More flexibility comparing “Point to Point”
S ti d IT kill ( diffi lt)– Sometimes, needs IT skill (more difficult)
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1 2 Element of Network� 1. Basic Knowledge to understand Audio Network �
1-2. Element of Network
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Element of Network
P t l t t i t• Protocol : agreement to communicate– Hardware– Data string definition
Communication procedure– Communication procedure– Address (ID�– Topology
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Protocol - agreement to communicate -
a) Hardwarea) Hardware• Connector
C bl• Cable• Baud rate
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Protocol - agreement to communicate -
b) Data string definitionb) Data string definition• Packet format
M i f d t• Meaning of data
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Protocol - agreement to communicate -
c) Communication procedurec) Communication procedure• Hand shake
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Protocol - agreement to communicate -
d) Address�ID�d) Address�ID�• Identify partner to communicate
MAC Address IP Address
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Protocol - agreement to communicate -
e) Topologye) Topology• Configurationg
Bus Topologyof Connection
Star topology Ring Topology
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Review - Element of Network -
P t l t t i t• Protocol : agreement to communicate– Hardware– Data string definition
Communication procedure– Communication procedure– Address (ID�– Topology
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1 3 PC Network Protocol� 1. Basic Knowledge to understand Audio Network �
1-3. PC Network Protocol
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OSI Reference Model
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Example - company mail service -
This is for Ken in Tokyo
p p y
Dear KenMail from Max!
Company Mail Div
AssistantCompany Mail Div
Assistant
TokyoMax Ken
Ken in CA div. at Tokyo Branch
TokyoKen Mail is available for
you, Ken!
Mail Service
Company Mail Div.
Mail Service
Company Mail Div.Zip 108-8568
2-17 Shinagawa TokyoYamaha Tokyo Branch
Tokyo
Mail is available for CA division!
A Mail is for you, Yamaha!
Hamamatsu
Post OfficeShinagawaPost Office
KenYamaha!
ShizuokaPost
OfficeTokyo Post
OfficeZip 108-8568Tokyo BranchTokyo Branch
ShinagawaPost OfficePost Office
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OSI Reference Model
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Protocol in each layerotoco eac aye
OS fOSI reference model
7 Application HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, FTP, Telnet, AppleTalk, X.500
6 Presentation SMTP, SNMP, FTP, Telnet
5 S i NetBIOS, NWLink, PAP,5 Session NetBIOS, NWLink, PAP,
4 Transport TCP, UDP, SPX, NetBEUI
3 Network IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP, DHCP, IPX, NetBEUI
Ethernet Token Link PPP2 Data Link Ethernet, Token Link, PPP
1 Physical cat5 cable, Optical cable, WiFi
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Physical Layer and Data Link Layer
• Ethernet (IEEE802 3)Ethernet (IEEE802.3)
to communicate between close devices
– Communication by MAC Address• in area that device can detect MAC address
– Choices of transfer media– Choices of transfer media• UTP cable
– 10BASE-T 100BASE-T 1000BASE-T10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, 1000BASE-T
• Optical cable– 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX/LX100BASE FX, 1000BASE SX/LX
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Protocol in each layerotoco eac aye
OS fOSI reference model
7 Application HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, FTP, Telnet, AppleTalk, X.500
6 Presentation SMTP, SNMP, FTP, Telnet
5 S i NetBIOS, NWLink, PAP,5 Session NetBIOS, NWLink, PAP,
4 Transport TCP, UDP, SPX, NetBEUI
3 Network IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP, DHCP, IPX, NetBEUI
Ethernet Token Link PPP2 Data Link Ethernet, Token Link, PPP
1 Physical cat5 cable, Optical cable, WiFi
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Network Layery• IP (Internet Protocol)
to communicate between distant devices
– Device can identify destination by Unique ID i th ld “IP Add ”ID in the world “IP Address”
– Router forwards packet proper directionp p p
i i i i
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Protocol in each layerotoco eac aye
OS fOSI reference model
7 Application HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, FTP, Telnet, AppleTalk, X.500
6 Presentation SMTP, SNMP, FTP, Telnet
5 S i NetBIOS, NWLink, PAP,5 Session NetBIOS, NWLink, PAP,
4 Transport TCP, UDP, SPX, NetBEUI
3 Network IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP, DHCP, IPX, NetBEUI
Ethernet Token Link PPP2 Data Link Ethernet, Token Link, PPP
1 Physical cat5 cable, Optical cable, WiFi
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Transport layerp y• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
to transfer data certainly• Hand shake• Hand shake
– AcknowledgementRetr to transfer– Retry to transfer
– Flow control
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol)to transfer data unilaterally
• Fast, but less reliability of communicationFast, but less reliability of communication• Suitable for real time data transfer
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Open / Closedp• Open protocol
Based on standard protocol– can use reasonable device in marketcan use reasonable device in market– can adopt new technology– need skill to design– need skill to design
• Closed protocolOriginal protocol by manufacturer
easy to design– easy to design– Less uncontrollable factor
device is expensive– device is expensive
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Review• Transport Layerp y
– TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)• to transfer data certainlyy
• Network LayerIP (I t t P t l)– IP (Internet Protocol)
• to communicate between distant devices
• Physical Layer and Data Link Layer– Ethernet (IEEE802.3)Ethernet (IEEE802.3)
• to communicate between close devices
• Open Protocol / Closed Protocol• Open Protocol / Closed Protocol
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2 Audio Network Feature2. Audio Network Feature
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Comparing with Computer Networkp g p• Real time Process
– Transferring audio data synchronized with sampling frequencysampling frequency
• Wordclock– Transferring word clock to all nodes
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Audio Network and OSI reference model
Setting (e.g. Routing )
Audio frame uses
g )uses upper
layerAudio frame uses
layer 1 and 2
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Benefit of Audio Network• Cable
– Less thickness, Less weight, Less number,• Routing by software• Routing by software
– to reduce “on site job”j– needless to patch physical cable
• Possible to carry control signal
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Comparing with analog systemComparing with analog system
• New factors– Latency– Latency
• System design considering latency
R d d– Redundancy• Cable damage might effect on whole system• Cable redundant and network device redundant
– Different skill for audio system designDifferent skill for audio system design• Needs network skill (case by case)
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3 1 Audio Network3-1. Audio Network
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Introduction Audio Network
• CobraNet• CobraNet• EtherSound• SuperMac/HyperMac• A Net Pro16/Pro64• A-Net Pro16/Pro64• Optocore
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Audio Network Comparison������ ����������
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CobraNet
– Based on Ethernet standardBased on Ethernet standard– 64ch@48AHz
Star topolog sing s itch– Star topology using switch• Fault of ONE node doesn’t cause system down
– Latency compensation– Redundancy available (not option)y ( p )
• Cable, Redundancy
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EtherSound
– Based on Ethernet– 64ch@48AHz
Daisy chain topology– Daisy chain topology• Possible to build a system without switch
ES100 supports ring topology• ES100 supports ring topology– Low latency– Redundancy is available (option)
• Cable Redundancy• Improved by ES100 ring topology
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A-Net
• A-Net Pro16e o 6– Uni directional transfer (stage monitor)
64CH@48kHz– 64CH@48kHz– Daisy chain topology– Low latency– Reasonable Priceeaso ab e ce
• A-Net Pro64Bi di ti l t f– Bi directional transfer
– Daisy chain topology• Star topology is available with dedicate switch
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SuperMac / HyperMacp yp
• SuperMacp– Star topology with dedicated switch
48CH@48AHz– 48CH@48AHz– AES50-2005
(adopted by Euphonix and Midas)– Low latency– Redundancy (option)
• HyperMac• HyperMac– Bundles 8 SuperMac
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Optocorep
– Original Protocolg• 512CH@48kHz through optical fiber cable
– Ring TopologyRing Topology• Fault of ONE node doesn’t cause system down• Point to Point system available• Point to Point system available
– Ultra low latencyR d d– Redundancy
• Quick turnover– Control signal– Video Signalg
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3 2 Point to Point style3-2. Point to Point style
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Point to Point styley• Light Viper�http://www.lightviper.com/�
32+8@96kH t f th h O ti l Fib bl- 32+8@96kHz transfer through Optical Fiber cable- Latency is 630�sec
Whirlwind E Snake• Whirlwind E Snake�http://www.whirlwindusa.com/esnake.html�
Utilizing CobraNet or EtherSound- Utilizing CobraNet or EtherSound- 32IN/32OUT frame and I/O card
• RSS Digital Snake• RSS Digital Snake�http://www.roland.com/products/en/Digital_Snake/index.html�- 32+8@96kHz transfer through cat5 cable32+8@96kHz transfer through cat5 cable- Latency 1msec
• ARTiST1DARTiST1D- Exclusive use for PM1D
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Y h ’ St f A di N t kYamaha’s Stance for Audio Network
• “Open and comprehensive”we provide choices for our customerwe provide choices for our customerwe lead customers for their suitable technology
• CobraNet / EtherSound– CobraNet : Strong redundant– EtherSound : Low Latency
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EtherSound Basic
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FeaturesFeaturesFeaturesFeatures
–– Based on Ethernet StandardBased on Ethernet Standard–– Developed by Digigram Developed by Digigram
Up to 64 channels @441 /48kHz 24bitUp to 64 channels @441 /48kHz 24bit–– Up to 64 channels @441./48kHz 24bitUp to 64 channels @441./48kHz 24bit–– Daisy chain topologyDaisy chain topology
bl b ld k h hbl b ld k h hpossible to build a network without switchpossible to build a network without switch
–– Low latencyLow latency ��sec ordersec order
–– Cable redundancy is available Cable redundancy is available (using AVRed(using AVRed--ES)ES)
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TopologyTopologyTopologyTopology
Daisy Chain TopologyDaisy Chain TopologyDaisy Chain TopologyDaisy Chain Topology
EtherSound PortEtherSound Port EtherSound PortEtherSound PortESES--MonitorMonitor
Master / SlaveMaster / SlavePrimary MasterPrimary Master
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--cat5 cable connectioncat5 cable connection : “Out” to “In”“Out” to “In”
--First Device is termed First Device is termed “Primary Master”“Primary Master”--Other devices are termed “Master”Other devices are termed “Master”, , “Slave”“Slave” oror “Master/Slave” “Master/Slave” --Monitor tool “ES Monitor” is connected to Primary Master Monitor tool “ES Monitor” is connected to Primary Master
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Audio Signal TransferAudio Signal TransferAudio Signal TransferAudio Signal Transfer
EtherSound transfers 64 channels audio in both directionEtherSound transfers 64 channels audio in both directionEtherSound transfers 64 channels audio in both directionEtherSound transfers 64 channels audio in both direction
�������� ������������������������������������ ���������������������������� Down StreamDown Stream��
�������� ����������� ���lower deviceslower devices ����Primary MasterPrimary Master Up StreamUp Stream(necessary to enable Loop back)(necessary to enable Loop back)
Down StreamDown Stream
(necessary to enable Loop back)(necessary to enable Loop back)
Down StreamDown Stream��64ch64ch��
Primary MasterPrimary Master
Down StreamDown Stream��64ch64ch��
Loop backLoop back
Up StreamUp Stream��64ch64ch��
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Audio flow exampleAudio flow exampleAudio flow exampleAudio flow example
B
B BLoop backLoop back
BBB
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Notion of Channel and DeviceNotion of Channel and DeviceNotion of Channel and DeviceNotion of Channel and Device
Imagine a train which carries 64 passengersImagine a train which carries 64 passengersImagine a train which carries 64 passengersImagine a train which carries 64 passengers
Down StreamDown Stream
Up StreamUp Stream
Loop backLoop back
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Loop back point and SwitchLoop back point and SwitchLoop back point and SwitchLoop back point and Switch
Loop back point must be set at upper point than switchLoop back point must be set at upper point than switchLoop back point must be set at upper point than switchLoop back point must be set at upper point than switch
Down StreamDown Stream
Up StreamUp Stream Loop backLoop backUp StreamUp Stream Loop backLoop back
In other words, switch can be utilized for “distribution”In other words, switch can be utilized for “distribution”
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���� �� ����� ���� ���������� �� ����� ���� ����������� ������������������������� ��������������������
Analog InputAnalog InputAnalog OutputAnalog Output
Six AD8HRSix AD8HR
Analog InputAnalog Input48ch48ch
�������� DME8o DME8o -- ESES
Down StreamDown Stream
NAI48NAI48--ESES
Loop backLoop backDME8o DME8o -- ESES
Analog OutputAnalog Output
StageStage
Up StreamUp Stream
pp
FoHFoH
>6��>6�� �� 9 �=C2&�� 9 �=C2& 0!0! DD ))
Primary MasterPrimary Master>6��>6��%%��9�=C2&��9�=C2&%%0!0!DD ))
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�����! �����! �����! �����!
W.C. Master in EtherSound is Primary MasterW.C. Master in EtherSound is Primary Master
Six AD8HRSix AD8HRDME8o DME8o -- ESES
Six AD8HRSix AD8HR
NAI48NAI48--ESESDME8o DME8o -- ESES
M7CLM7CL 48 + AVY1648 + AVY16 ESES DD 33M7CLM7CL--48 + AVY1648 + AVY16--ES ES DD 33
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Monitor / Setup toolMonitor / Setup toolMonitor / Setup toolMonitor / Setup tool
ESES--MonitorMonitor
EtherSound PortEtherSound Port EtherSound PortEtherSound Port
Primary MasterPrimary Master
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- Connect PC and Primary Master “IN” port by cross cable
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-- Select Ethernet adapter in Select Ethernet adapter in “ES Control Panel”“ES Control Panel”
-- Offline setting tool Offline setting tool “ES Editor”“ES Editor”-- Start Start “ES Monitor”“ES Monitor” to control EtherSound devices to control EtherSound devices
gg
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����������������������������������������
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ES100ES100ES100ES100
Several new functions are available in ES100Several new functions are available in ES100
–– Most significant function is Most significant function is “Ring topology”“Ring topology”
Several new functions are available in ES100 Several new functions are available in ES100
gg g p gyg p gy•Any ES100 devices in ring can be Primary Masterny ES100 devices in ring can be Primary Master••Primary Master is rePrimary Master is re--defined automaticallydefined automaticallyyy yy
when link is broken. when link is broken. to beef up redundancy
Yamaha products; NAI48Yamaha products; NAI48--ES, DME Satellite ES ES, DME Satellite ES don’tdon’tsupport ES100 currentlysupport ES100 currentlysupport ES100 currently.support ES100 currently.
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TipsTipsTipsTips• IN port is “MDI”, OUT port is “MDIX” (Old products). Take suitable
cat5 cable straight or crossedcat5 cable, straight or crossed.
• Device name is memorized in PC, linking with MAC address.
Setting is memorized in ES device but don’t forget to save setting• Setting is memorized in ES device, but don t forget to save setting into memory on ES device. Take “write to non-volatile memory”
• “IN” means audio flow from Yamaha device to EtherSound
• Clear “LOOP BACK ON” before starting to design configuration. Use “force to Mono direction”.
• Clear “TUNNELING ON” before starting to design configuration.
• Use special serial cable for HA remote between mixer remote port and AVY16 ES serial portand AVY16-ES serial port.
• Before loading cfg file in ES monitor, make it offline mode.
MUTE “Cl ti ” Mi d it!!• MUTE means “Clear routing”. Mind it!!
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Review of this sessionReview of this sessionReview of this sessionReview of this session• Daisy chain. (possible to place switch)
• Cable redundancy (available using AVRed-ES)
• 64 channels in both direction @44.1, 48kHz 24bit64 channels in both direction @44.1, 48kHz 24bit
• Primary Master, Down stream, Up stream, Loop back
Ch l d d i “ i d i ”• Channel and device : “train and station”
• ES Monitor / ES Editor / ES Control Panel
• HA Control using serial tunneling
• Several tipsSeveral tips
• ES100
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CobraNet
The Very Basics of CobraNet
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What Is CobraNet?What Is CobraNet?
�Real time uncompressed digital audio distribution over Ethernet
�Up to 64 (128 in both directions) channels @48kHz (32ch@96kHz) can be carried@ ( @ )
� Ethernet-compliant� Built-in fault-tolerant network mechanism� Built-in fault-tolerant network mechanism�Control data can be transmitted over the network�Developed by Peak Audio, a division of Cirrus
Logic
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How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?
� Imagine the following audio routing� ����" #������� ����" #������$% ����" &�����$% ����" &�����
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How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?�CobraNet uses “Star Topology”�CobraNet uses Star Topology
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How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?�Audio routing will be like this�Audio routing will be like this…
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How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?�Audio is packetized in a “Bundle”�Audio is packetized in a Bundle
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How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?�A bundle contains up to 8 channels of�A bundle contains up to 8 channels of
audio data
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How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?�Transmitted based on Bundle Number�Transmitted based on Bundle Number
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How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?How Does CobraNet Handle Audio?�Three types of CobraNet bundles�Three types of CobraNet bundles
�Multicast Bundle(#1-256)– One device to all devices in a network
�U i t B dl (#257 65536)�Unicast Bundle(#257-65536)– One device to one device in a network
�Multi-Unicast Bundle(#257-#65536)One device to up to four devices– One device to up to four devices
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Switch/Cable RedundancySwitch/Cable Redundancy
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How Does CobraNet Synchronize?How Does CobraNet Synchronize?�Conductor and Performer
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How Does CobraNet Synchronize?How Does CobraNet Synchronize?�Conductor and Performer
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How Does CobraNet Synchronize?How Does CobraNet Synchronize?�Beat Packet
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PerformerPerformer
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How Does CobraNet Synchronize?How Does CobraNet Synchronize?�CobraNet is “network synchronized” network
ConductorConductor
�CobraNet is network synchronized network
7�����7�����PerformerPerformerBeat PacketBeat Packet
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The whole network is considered asThe whole network is considered asThe whole network is considered asThe whole network is considered as“one networked device” working on the same clock.“one networked device” working on the same clock.
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Latency/Channels per BundleLatency/Channels per Bundle�Three ‘fixed’ latency of CobraNet�Three fixed latency of CobraNet�5.33ms�2 66�2.66ms�1.33ms
�Channels per Bundle
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Summary CobraNetSummary – CobraNet
I l ti d di it l di� Is real time uncompressed digital audiodistribution over Ethernet
�C h dl t 64 (128 i b th di ti )�Can handle up to 64 (128 in both directions)channels @48kHz (32ch@96kHz)
� I Eth t li t (LAN it h bl )� Is Ethernet-compliant (LAN switches, cables)�Has built-in fault-tolerant network mechanism�Can transfer control data over the same network
other than audio data�Was developed by Peak Audio, a division of
Cirrus Logic
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Yamaha’s CobraNet ProductsYamaha s CobraNet Products
�DME-Satellite Series�DME8i-C
�DME8o-C
�DME4io-C
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Yamaha’s CobraNet ProductsYamaha s CobraNet Products
�NHB32-C Network Hub and Bridge
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Yamaha’s CobraNet ProductsYamaha s CobraNet Products
�ACU16-C Amp Control Unit
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Yamaha’s CobraNet ProductsYamaha s CobraNet Products
�MY16-CII
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Yamaha’s CobraNet ProductsYamaha s CobraNet Products
�NetworkAmp Manager
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Yamaha’s CobraNet ProductsYamaha s CobraNet Products
�CobraNet Manager Lite for Yamaha
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Comparison between CobraNet & EtherSound
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Basic Network FeaturesBasic Network FeaturesBasic Network FeaturesBasic Network Features
CobraNetCobraNet
–– Based on Ethernet StandardBased on Ethernet Standard
CobraNetCobraNet
–– Star topologyStar topology
EtherSoundEtherSound
–– Based on Ethernet StandardBased on Ethernet StandardBased on Ethernet StandardBased on Ethernet Standard–– Daisy chain topologyDaisy chain topology
possible to build a network without switchpossible to build a network without switchpossible to build a network without switchpossible to build a network without switch
–– ES100 supports ring topologyES100 supports ring topology
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Audio FeaturesAudio FeaturesAudio FeaturesAudio Features
CobraNetCobraNet
–– Up to 64 channels @48kHz 24bitUp to 64 channels @48kHz 24bitC d l (1 33 2 66 5 33 )C d l (1 33 2 66 5 33 )
CobraNetCobraNet
–– Compensated latency (1.33, 2.66, 5.33 ms)Compensated latency (1.33, 2.66, 5.33 ms)–– Bus (car) style audio flowBus (car) style audio flow �� FlexibleFlexible
EtherSoundEtherSound
64 h l @441 /48kH 24bit64 h l @441 /48kH 24bit–– 64 channels @441./48kHz 24bit64 channels @441./48kHz 24bit–– Micro second order latencyMicro second order latency–– Train style audio flowTrain style audio flow �� SimpleSimple
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RedundantRedundantRedundantRedundant
CobraNetCobraNet
–– Cable redundant (default)Cable redundant (default)
CobraNetCobraNet
–– Switch redundant (default)Switch redundant (default)
EtherSoundEtherSound
C bl d d t ( ti l)C bl d d t ( ti l)–– Cable redundant (optional)Cable redundant (optional)–– Turning over Primary Master (ES100)Turning over Primary Master (ES100)
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Pros/ConsPros/ConsPros/ConsPros/Cons
CobraNet for installation? ES for SR?CobraNet for installation? ES for SR?
Uncomfortable msec order latency for InUncomfortable msec order latency for In
CobraNet for installation? ES for SR?CobraNet for installation? ES for SR?
–– Uncomfortable msec order latency for InUncomfortable msec order latency for In--ear monitorear monitor
EtherSound is suitable for monitor systemEtherSound is suitable for monitor system••EtherSound is suitable for monitor systemEtherSound is suitable for monitor system
–– Temporally SR venue condition is toughTemporally SR venue condition is tough••CobraNet might be suitable for customer who CobraNet might be suitable for customer who
prioritize redundancy higherprioritize redundancy higher
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ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion
St R d d tSt R d d t
CobraNetCobraNet
–– Strong RedundantStrong Redundant–– Flexibility of topologyFlexibility of topologyy p gyy p gy
EtherSoundEtherSoundt e Sou dt e Sou d
–– Lower LatencyLower Latency–– Simple to understandSimple to understand