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Mobile Phones and the Empowerment of W I D l i R iWomen In Developing Regions
Pam KahlUniversity of Washington MCDMDigital Media in Emerging MarketsFall 2009Fall 2009
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Fertility Fertility Ch iCh iChoicesChoices
Tolerance for Tolerance for Domestic Domestic ViolenceViolence
EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT
Economic Economic IndependenceIndependence
Decision Decision M kiM kiMaking Making
AutonomyAutonomy
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MDG3Promote gender equality
and empower women
Education
Employment Opportunity
Political Decision MakingMaking
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Key Findings
• Positive• Ownership equivalent to five extraOwnership equivalent to five extra
years of education• Tool for economic empowerment• Less tolerance for domestic violence• Sense of possibility
• Less• Fertility preferences• Independent decision making
• Negative• Negative• Source of distrust
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SIMM Marketplace Grameen meets EbaySIMM Marketplace – Grameen meets Ebay
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UmNyango – Spotlight on gender-based violence
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CycleTel – Family planning goes SMS
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• Phones and Airtime Cost $$ • SMS requires literacy
No Silver Bullet • Phones and Airtime Cost $$
• Aggravates gender conflicts
• SMS requires literacy
• No guarantee of access
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L ki Ah dLooking Ahead
• Increased access to information and social connections improves sense of opportunity
• Positive indicators that economicPositive indicators that economic empowerment can foster attitudinal shifts
Must socialize new ideas with men as• Must socialize new ideas with men as much as women
• Change takes time
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Sources African Renaissance Ambassador Corporation.
http://www.aracorporation.org/simm.html
Biriwasha, M. (2007, Jan 12) Women Fight for Rights with Cell , ( , ) g gPhones. OhMyNews. Retrieved ttp://english.ohmynews.com
Buskens I & Webb A (Eds ) (2009) African Women andBuskens, I. & Webb, A. (Eds.) (2009). African Women and ICTs. Investigating , Technology and Empowerment
Diga K Dev M Comm B (2008) Mobile Cell Phones andDiga, K., Dev M., Comm B. (2008). Mobile Cell Phones and Poverty Reduction: Technology Spending Patters and Poverty Level Change among Households in Uganda
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Sources Esipsu, I. (2009, Nov. 25) Mobile Phone to Partner in Family
Planning Sunday Nation. Sunday Nation. Retrieved http://www.nation.co.ke
Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University [Powerpoint Document]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/IRHgeorgetown/family-planning-via-mobile-phones-proofofconcept-testing-in-india-cycletel
Klonner, S. & Nolan, P. (2008). Does ICT Benefit the Poort? , , ( )Evidence from South Africa
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Sources Kutoma, W. (2008). [Powerpoint Document] The Internet and
Mobile Telephony: Implications for Women’s Development and Empowerment in Zambia. Retrieved from http://www.mobileactive08.org/node/954
Lee, D. (May 2009). The Impact of Mobile Phones on the Status of Women in India
Netsquared. http://www.netsquared.org/projects/sustainable-impact-mobile-microfinance-simmp
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Photo Credits Associated Press
Brendan Bannon/CARE
Phil Borges/CARE
Josh Estey/CARE
David Rochkind/CARE