Download - Mobile Commn_Summer Trg
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Contents
• Objective• GSM Principles• Cellular Technology• GSM Network• Call Processing• Handoffs• GPRS• EDGE
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MOBILE COMMUNICATION
• Any time Anywhere• Mobility & Roaming • High capacity & subs. density• Efficient use of radio spectrum• Seamless Network Architecture• Low cost• Flexibility• Innovative Services• Standard Interfaces
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Public Land Mobile Network
• INDIA has adopted GSM standard for PLMN.
• Digital Cellular System.• Operates at 900 MHz.• International Roaming facility.• Power class 0.8 to 20W.• Cell Radius upto 35 Kms.• Maximum mobility speed 250 Km/hr.
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GSM900 :up: 890~915MHz down: 935~960MHzduplex interval: 45MHzbandwidth: 25MHz ,frequency interval:
200KHzGSM1800 :up: 1710-1785MHz down: 1805-1880MHzduplex interval: 95MHz ,working bandwidth: 75MHz ,frequency interval: 200KHz
EGSM900 :
up: 880~890MHz
down: 925~935MHz
duplex interval: 45MHz
bandwidth: 10MHz ,frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM1900MHz:up:1850~1910MHzdown:1930~1990MHzduplex interval: 80MHz ,working bandwidth: 60MHz ,frequency interval: 200KHz
Allocated GSM Frequency Bands
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BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
• FDMA • TDMA • Cellular Technology & Frequency Re-use Scheme
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FDMA
• Frequency Division Multiple Access Scheme
• Uplink Frequency Band = (890 – 915) MHz• Downlink Frequency Band = (935 – 960)
MHz
• Absolute Radio Freq Carrier Number (ARFCN)
• Bandwidth = 915 – 890 or 960 – 935 = 25 MHz
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GSM-FDMA
25 MHz 25 MHz
Mobile to Base
0 1 2
890.2 890.4 890.6(MHz)
Base to Mobile
0 1 2
935.2 935.4 935.6
200 kHz45MHz
Channel layout and frequency bands of operation
890 935 960915
200 kHz
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TDMA
• Time Division Multiple Access Scheme• One Radio Frequency = Eight Time
Slots• One TDMA Frame = Eight Time Slots• One Time Slot = One Physical Channel• One Time Slot Duration = 0.577 m.sec
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GSM-TDMA
8765
43
21
8765
43
21
45 MHz
Frequency
F2’F1’(Cell transmit)
F2F1(Cell Rx)
Amplitude
Typical TDMA/ FDMA frame structure
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CELL
A base station (transmitter) having a number of RF channels is called a cell.Each cell covers a a limited number of mobile subscribers within the cell boundaries ( Coverage area) Typical Cell Radius Aprrox = 30 Km (Start up), 1 Km (Mature). Types of Cells
•OMNI CELLS•SECTOR CELLS - Two Sector Cells
- Three Sector Cells
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Fundamental problems
•Radio range, or coverage•no. of channels, or voice
circuits•Full, seamless service
coverage•Large no. of subscribers in
the range of millions
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A CLUSTER OF CELLS
4
5
6
7
2
3
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GIVEN FREQ. RESOURCE
CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS
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:Interference caused by another cell/mobile using the same frequency
D
R
Co Chl Interference is a Function of “Q”the re-use ratio:
Q =D / R
Lower Q Increased Co-Chl Interference
Higher Q Reduced Co-Chl Interference
CO-CHL INTERFERENCE
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GSM subsystems
1. Network Subsystem includes the equipments and functions related to end-to-end call.
2. Radio Subsystem includes the equipments and functions related to the management of the connections on the radio path.
3. Operations and Maintenance subsystem includes the operation and maintenance of GSM equipment for the radio and network interface.
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BTS
MSC VLR
HLR
PSTNISDN
DataNetworks
Air interface
OSS
BTS
BTS
MSC VLR
BSCBSC
1 MSC=16 BSC, 1 BSC=1024 TRU
A Interface
A-bis interface
BSC:BASE STATION CONTROLLER, BTS: BASE TRANSRECEIVER STATION, OSS: OPERATION AND SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM.ss
Network Architecture
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GSM Network Structure
• GSM Service Area: Total area served by the combination of all member countries where a mobile can be served.
• PLMN Service Area:It is one N/W area. • MSC Service Area:There can many MSC/VLR
in one PLMN area.It is one Mobile Exch. Area.
• Location Area: A LA is a part of the MSC/VLR service area in which a MS may move freely without updating location information to the MSC/VLR exchange that control the LA.
• Cells
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GSM--Relation between areas in GSM
Location AreaCellArea served by a BTS
Location AreaMSC Service AreaPLMN Service AreaGSM Service Area
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• SETUP PHASE
• RINGING PHASE
•CONVERSATION PHASE
•RELEASE PHASE
Mobile Originated Call- MO Call
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- REQUEST FOR SERVICE ( CHANNEL ) BY MS
- CM SERVICE REQUEST
- AUTHENTICATION
- CIPHERING
- SETUP MESSAGE
- EQUIPMENT VALIDATION ( EIR CHECK )
- VALIDATION AT VLR
- ASSIGNMENT
Mobile To Land Call Set-up Scenario
• SETUP PHASE
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Mobile To Land Call Set-up Scenario
MSC/VLR
Call Setup message
Is the requested basic service
provisioned for the subscriber ?
Yes
No
Release Complete
message to MS
Preliminary Digit Analysis
Is the number of digits less than the
minimum expected?
Yes
Release Complete
message to MS
No1. Check of ODB( BAOC/BOIC/ BOIC Ex HC )
2. Subscriber call barring checks(BAOC/BOIC etc. )
ASSIGNM ENT
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• Routing Analysis
• Paging
• Authentication
• Call-Setup
• Ciphering
• Call Release
Mobile Terminating - MT Call
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Handover
• Hard Handover – Break before make• Soft Handover – make before break• Softer Handover
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GSM Evolution
GPRS200 KHz carrier115 Kbps peak data rates
EDGE200 KHz carrierData rates up to 384 Kbps8-PSK modulationHigher symbol rate
UMTS5 MHz carrier2 Mbps peak data ratesNew IMT-2000 2 GHz spectrum
GSM200 KHz carrier8 full-rate time slots16 half-rate time slots
GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS
3G2.5G2G
HSCSD
HSCSDCircuit-switched data64 Kbps peak data rates
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MAIN ADVANTAGES FOR OPERATORS
• More Revenue :
By providing more than a mobile connection.
Also operator can charge on the basis of type and amount of content accessed.
• Huge Potential Market for Data Sevices :
Mobile Phone and Internet, both are fastest growing technologies and GPRS is the merger of two.
• Fast Roll-out and Continuous Network Expansion :
GPRS is an integral part of GSM.
• GPRS uses excess voice capacity for data :
GPRS Packets are transmitted in short, free periods between busy hour calls.
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2.5G-GPRS Vs 2G-GSM
2.5G – GPRS (GSM Advanced)
2G-GSM
SUPPORTS BOTH CKT. SWITCHED as well as packet switched service.
Only circuit switched.
MS Utilizes Automatic retransmission (ARQ) at data link layer to re-transmit error frames.
No re-transmission is provided.
Multiple time slots can be allotted to a single user
Single time slot per user.
One time slot can be allotted to several users.
Single time slot per user.
Charging/ billing more complex (Volume based, Q.O.S. based)
Simple time-based billing.
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GPRS Network
HLR
Air (Um)
Gb
Gs Gr Gf
Gn
Gn Inter-PLMN
GPRS Backbone
Gp
External packet network
Gi
SGSN
EIR
BSC
MSC/ VLR
SMS- GMSC
Gd
GGSN
GGSN
Signalling and data
Signalling
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EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
GPRS = General Packet Radio System
EGPRS = GPRS + EDGE modulation
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* Communications- E-mail, fax, intranet/ internet access.
* Value added services - Information services, games, e-commerce.
* Location-based Navigation, traffic conditions, applications - airline/rail schedule, location finder.
* Vertical applications - Freight delivery, fleet management, sales-force automation
* Location sensitive A user nearing a cinema hall or Advertising - a restaurant receives flashes of advertisement
TYPICAL GPRS SERVICES
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Mobile VAS
VAS categoriesVAS categories
EntertainmentEntertainment InformationInformation mCommercemCommerce
Entertainment VAS is
designed for mass
appeal and extensive
usage.
These provide
entertainment for leisure
time usage
E.g. Jokes, Bollywood
ringtones, games, etc.
Information VAS provides useful information to the end user
User interest comes in from the personal component of the content
E.g. News alerts, travel information, ticket information, etc.
mCommerce allow the use to conduct a transaction using the mobile phone.
Currently in a nascent stage
E.g. banking applications from Barclays, ICICI bank and payment platform from paymate, obopay, etc.
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VALUE ADDED SERVICES
• Very high speed downloads
• IPTV
• Quicker MMS
• Video call
• Streaming Applications – Youtube, etc.
• Corporate Intranet connections
• Vertical corporate applications – Video
Conference, Remote presentations
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MMS• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
• Message of Text, Sound, Image, Video etc• Graphs, Tables, Diagram , Maps etc
Phone 2 Phone
Phone 2 e-mail
e-mail 2 Phone
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Mobile TV allows the user to view TV channels on the mobile
Mobile TV allows the user to view TV channels on the mobile
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Full movie /music download
Live news & sport updates
Interactive games
Video streaming
Wallpapers and
Tone downloads
Full movie /music download
Live news & sport updates
Interactive games
Video streaming
Wallpapers and
Tone downloads
The content services include the following:The content services include the following:
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Products & Services 2
BSNL offers Live IPTV as well as a wide range of exciting VAS
BSNL Live WAP Portal Video-on-Demand Full movie downloads
Full-track music downloads Multiplayer gaming
Live TV
3G-Training deck-v21.ppt
42
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This has happened:This has happened:
This is happening now:This is happening now:
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Access devices like a portable laptop or a mobile handset are typically used.
Access devices like a portable laptop or a mobile handset are typically used.
Mobile Broadband signifies Mobile Broadband signifies
High speed Wireless access High speed Wireless access
3G gives the user the flexibility to access high speed internet any time anywhere.
3G gives the user the flexibility to access high speed internet any time anywhere.
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Video Call
With the deployment of 3G,Video call
service will put BSNL on clear cut
advantageous positionwith respect to it’s
competitors
With the deployment of 3G,Video call
service will put BSNL on clear cut
advantageous positionwith respect to it’s
competitors
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Video Call
A girl in a city looking and talking to her grandmother ,living in a rural area, through 3G Phone
A girl in a city looking and talking to her grandmother ,living in a rural area, through 3G Phone