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Management Information System
T O P I C
Progress of E-Business Systems in Pakistan
SEQUENCE
Introduction and History of E-Business
Global Perspective of E-Business
Basics of an Information System
Practical Study
National Database and Registration Authority
History of E-Business in Pakistan
E-Business objectives and Internet Growth in
Pakistan
Current IT Policy of Pakistan
NADRA History, Functions and Organization chart
Products and Services of NADRA
Overview of E-Business Applied
SWOT Analysis of NADRA
Conclusion
Recommendations
Introduction
o The IT revolution – Electricity was first introduced in 1873
and it took 46 years for its mass scale use
o Telephone introduced in 1876 and took 35 years
o Television introduced in 1926 took 26 years
o PC introduced in 1975 took 16 years
o mobile phone in 1983 took 13 years for mass use
o the web introduced in 1994 took only 4 years
Definition of E-Business
We define it as: “E-Business is the use of internet technologies to
work and empower business processes, electronic commerce, and
enterprise collaboration within a company and with its customers,
suppliers, and other business stakeholders”. In more general sense
it can be considered “an online exchange of value” or interacting
and serving the customers online”.
Global Perspective Of E-Business
o Technological Dimension There are technological gaps between
the developed and developing countries in use of IT. Advanced
nations are using leading-edge technologies, while developing
countries lack state-of-the-art technology, consequently they
are lagging behind. In developing countries like Pakistan
acquisitions, installation, use, and maintenance of IT along with
training of user is a barrier to e-Business
o Social and Cultural Dimension The social and cultural factors
threatening the implementation of IT in business:
Codes of ethics and Intellectual property rights (primarily
digital property), Accountability (for actions are non actions)
Personal and data privacy, Censorship, and ownership of
information
Social and cultural differences between the developed and
developing nations
o IT and Barriers to e-Business
The needs, requirements and resources of countries and
organizations vary according to their human and capital
resources, goals and objectives, structures, size, business
operations and management, so is the case of the
technology. The unavailability of proper infrastructure,
frequent failures of power, faulty telephone cables, limited
use of internet, the issue of security of transactions on
internet and high bandwidth rates as notable barriers of e-
Business
o E-Commerce – Requirement of the Day Today whether you are a
customer, business man or just a loyal subject of your nation.
Its scope starts from the speedy communication to cost
containment, gaining and maintaining competitive advantage to
earning bucks that can change your life and ultimately the
economic out look of your country
o Expanding Roles of IS in Businesses
From 1950s through 1960s, electronic data processing was
introduced in the businesses. Later in 60s and 70s MIS were
incorporated. The decision support systems were to follow in
70s and 80s
From 1980s – 90s, the revolution strengthened and
the strategic support was developed, which included
Executive IS, Expert S, and SIS. Then emerged the
electronic business and commerce; as final products
of internet technologies in 1990s and 2000s
Basics of an Information System
o What is Information? Information is defined as: “a
collection of refined data”. What users really want is the
information which is carved out from the data
o What is a System? A system can be defined as any
combination of things or individuals which is designed to
process certain inputs into outputs through a well
designed and defined procedure
Definition of Information System “Any organized
combination of people, hardware, software, communication
networks, and data resources that stores and retrieves,
transforms and disseminates information in an
organization”
Functions of an Information System. This is in fact the
application of general systems model to the information system
Information Technology Defined IT can be defined as:
“Various hardware and software components necessary for the
system to operate”. The computer based IS are extensively being used
in the businesses today, which use computer hardware and software
technologies, telecommunication network technologies, and data resource
management technologies
Business Applications of IT Information technology can help all
kinds of businesses improve the efficiency and effectiveness of
their business processes, managerial decision making, and
workgroup collaboration, thus strengthening their competitive
positions in a rapidly changing marketplace. The three vital roles that IS
can perform for a business enterprise are as follows:
Support of its business processes and operations
Support of decision making by its employees and mangers
Support of its strategies for competitive advantage
Case Study
Progress of E-Business Systems in Pakistan
National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA)
History of E-Business in Pakistan
o Like any other developing country, Pakistan has also passed
through good and bad experiences of IT usage in businesses
o E-commerce is quite at initial stage. In fact e-business was not
started in Pakistan until 2000 due to a number of constraints.
But Internet grew like mushroom from 2000 onwards
o The primary functions for e-Business requires following things
in Pakistan that are yet to be done:
Increased awareness level
It requires a proper infrastructure for doing e-business
It required developing e-commerce minds
It requires transaction facility over the Internet world wide
E-Business Objectives for Pakistan:
o Diversification of exports: New markets, new products
o Greater role of SMEs in exports
o Survival in the emerging global electronic economy
o Facilitate international trade through an e-commerce
infrastructure and Increase efficiency of business
transactions, logistics
o Electronic documentation of economy
o Use of E-Commerce in government for procurement,
promotion of trade, provision of information etc
o To revitalize the economy by exploring the new potential of
Electronic Commerce in B2B and B2C trade and services
o Simplifying citizens’ access to government while providing
choices and options for interaction with government
Internet Growth in Pakistan:
o Internet entered in Pakistan in 1997. It got real boom in year
2000 due to govt initiatives undertaken in the key areas
o The cost of Internet bandwidth of PTCL was reduced up to
53% which led to reduction in Internet end user prices. Free
Internet connections were extended to public sector
Universities. To facilitate the private sector, IT and telecom
industry and enhance investor’s confidence in the
Government, processing period for license applications by
the PTA was reduced to 7 days
E-Business – Implications for Pakistan
o Exploring new markets for exports
o Breaking monopoly of export giants
Impact of E-Business on Pakistani Market
o More foreign investment and foreign markets for banks
o Banks will be able to compete HUNDI system
o Increased tax net
Reasons to Use Internet in Pakistan
o More horsepower and increased business
o Introduction of new value change programs
o Parallel systems with international organizations
Current IT Policy
The Vision
“To harness the potential of Information Technology as a key
contributor to the development of Pakistan”
The Mission
The mission of national IT policy is: “To rapidly develop the
infrastructure in synchrony with the creation of excellently
trained individuals and teams. Direct these at transforming our
society into a prosperous and dynamic one—one that values
and benefits from the creation and free flow of information and
knowledge. Encourage and assist the entrepreneurial spirit,
and make the fruits of this technology available to every
citizen.”
Important Goals: To realize the vision behind the IT policy, the
following goals have been set:
o Make the government a facilitator and an enabler to provide
maximum opportunities to the private sector
o Develop an extensive pool of trained IT manpower at all levels
o Provide business incentives for both local and foreign
investors to ensure the development of Pakistan’s IT sector
National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA)
History of NADRA:
NADRA was established as National Database Organization
(NDO), an attached department under the Ministry of Interior, in
1998. On 10 March, 2000, NDO & Directorate General of
Registration (DGR) merged to form NADRA, an independent
corporate body with requisite autonomy to operate
independently and facilitate good governance
With the mandate of developing a system for re-registering 150
million citizens, NADRA launched the Multi-Biometric National
Identity Card project in the year 2000. This program replaced
the paper based Personal Identity System of Pakistan that had
been in use since 1971
Functions and Scope of NADRA :
o National Database & Registration Authority (NADRA) has
gained international recognition for its success in providing
solutions for identification, e-governance and secure
documents that deliver multi-pronged goals of mitigating
identity theft, safe-guarding the interests of its clients, and
facilitating the public
o In-depth Research and Development efforts have enabled
NADRA to become the trailblazer in the area of Software
Integration, Data Warehousing, Network Infrastructure
Development and Project Management
o NADRA is one of the leading ‘System Integrators’ in the global
identification sector
o NADRA has successfully implemented the Multi-Biometric
National Identity Card & Multi-Biometric e-Passport solutions
for Pakistan, Passport Issuing System for Kenya, Bangladesh
High Security Driver’s License, and Civil Registration
Management System for Sudan amongst other projects
o NADRA works as a division of ministry of interior and performs
the and performs duties namely: National registration of
population and issuance of identity cards; Nationality,
citizenship and Immigration, passports, regulation of entry and
exit of foreigners
Management:
Appointment Name Date since
Chairman Ali Arshad Hakeem August 12, 2008
Deputy Chairman Tariq Malik 2008
Chief Tech Officer Usman Y. Mobin 2002
Chief Op Officer Brig(R) Zahid Hussain 12 August 2009
Chief Fin Officer Shahid Hamid 21 May 2008
Chief HR Officer Naveed Jan June 04, 2007
Chief Sales Officer Saleem M. Rafik 2007
Achievements
o Placed amongst the Top 50 E-Passport Technology Suppliers
for 5 consecutive years in IT World Magazine, 2005 – 2009
o NADRA was honored with the “Outstanding Achievement
Award” at CARDEX Middle East in Cairo, Egypt in May, 2007
o NADRA has been awarded The Merit Exporter Award by
Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry
(FPCCI) in 2006
o NADRA has successfully achieved Capability Maturity Model
Integration (CMMI) from Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
Carnegie Melon, USA
o NADRA Quality Management and CNIC Production departments
are also ISO 9001:2000 Certified
NADRA Supporting E-Business in Pakistan
o CNIC (Computerized National Identity Card) is the core
product of NADRA issued to a valid / legitimate citizen of
Pakistan. It is a blend of state-of-the-art technology and well-
defined business rules to guarantee its authenticity and
validity
o CRSM The Civil Registration Management System has been
developed by NADRA for the registration of four vital events
i.e: Birth, Death, Marriage and Divorce. The scope of CRMS is
to automate all the local governments in a country and
provide computerized registration and certificate issuance of
the vital events. The system provides up-to-date status
reporting facilities for selected events, while providing
business decision models for strategic decision making
o Multi-Biometric e-Passport In 2004 NADRA enabled
Pakistan to become one of the first countries in the world to
issue the Multi-biometric e-Passport compliant to ICAO
standards. NADRA Multi-Biometric e-Passport solution uses
overt and covert security features on the data page supported
by most sophisticated technology and business logic which
makes it one of the most modern passports of this era. This
help countries create a highly secure integrated system
encompassing immigration, Automated Border Control and
passport issuance while ensuring the genuineness of the
holder as a valid citizen
o Verisys Having developed the Multi-Biometric National
Identity Card for Pakistan backed up by the large centralized
national database in the world, NADRA has introduced
an easy- to-use access tool for verification of citizens in the
country named as Verisys. It is an authentication process to
provide online verifications of Pakistani citizens to the
government, private and corporate sectors for bringing in
transparency, validation, elimination of fraud & forgery. This
is a web-based real-time activity displaying the front and rear
image of the CNIC with added hidden information for
verifications
o E-Vehicle Management System NADRA has developed the
multiple-pronged “e-Vehicle Management” system that uses
Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) technology to
identify vehicles approaching ‘manned’ & ‘unmanned’ Check-
Posts at entry / exit with real-time monitoring at the central
control room, this allows authorities to monitor & generate
route of vehicles. The e-Vehicle Management System has the
following elements:
Vehicle Identification and Monitoring System (VIMS): Vehicles are
issued unique Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). The system
allows authorities to eradicate vehicle theft and smuggling, catch
suspects and improve vehicle tax collection
Vehicle Access Control System (VACS): VACS can be deployed in
secured premises/ building entry/exit points to restrict access of
vehicles at designated gates, levels and points
Vehicle e-Toll Collection System: This system can be deployed at
toll plazas on motorways and / or highways for electronic
collection of toll from vehicles bearing the E-Tag. The system
includes Rechargeable credit mechanism and smooth
reconciliation of collected toll providing comfort and time-saving
to frequent travelers
E-Driver’s License NADRA has developed an RFID based
Driver’s License that bears a license holder's unique, personal
information as well as stores data regarding traffic violations and
tickets issued / outstanding penalties. The e-Driver’s license
developed by NADRA allows the authorities to provide for
supplementary provisions and services. The RFID Driver’s
License enables improvements in identity verification, privacy
protection and highway safety
E-Balloting Solution It can be used for balloting / allotment of:
Residential Plots/ Housing Schemes, Lucky Draws, Prize Bonds
(By State Bank of Pakistan), Shares (IPO-Initial Public Offerings
by Public Ltd Companies). The customer can opt for all or any of
the services namely Data Acquisition, Data Verification, E-
Balloting Software
Biometric Access Control System NADRA's BACS allows,
organizations requiring high levels of security, to better manage
and monitor protection and quickly respond to security
breaches. The central paradigms of the system are the
automation of workflow, increased security, efficiency, scalability
and transparency in order to achieve a foolproof system that
ensures real time monitoring and identification of personnel
movement and creating a log for future references
Overview of the E-Business Applied to Various Types of
Organization in Pakistan
Banks All the businesses are dependent upon banking services for their
operations. If these banks today are not using internet and other
technologies, then the automation and virtualization of dependant firms
and businesses will not serve the purpose they are intended for
o Telecommunication The other important sector which has
been revolutionalized by the advent of internet and IT is the
telecommunication sector. In Pakistan it has been booming since
government has given the initiative to the private sector
businesses to invest in telecomm with 100% limit. Especially the
use of mobile phones for the communication purposes in the
businesses has changed the scenario of these businesses
o The Government Departments Although the majority of
government departments are still using old conventional models
of functioning, yet there is an increase in the use on internet for
various activities of these organizations. Today big governmental
organizations like, ministries, planning commissions,
universities and colleges, army, as well as other strategic
organizations are using internet for recruitment, training,
evaluation, and advertisement purposes. But still there is a lot
more to do in this respect. NADRA has helped a great deal these
organizations to automate their processes
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Monopoly - competitive advantage
The basis of all the operations of the organization is on
advanced e-systems
The organization structure of NADRA
The integrated and huge database of NADRA
Good customer services
The availability of technical and well trained staff
Weaknesses
A governmental body
Limitations of NSRCs capability
Mistakes in documentation
Opportunities
The automation of business and use of information
technology to capture new customers
NADRA is providing the e-business solutions to many local
as well as foreign organizations
Threats
Low literacy rate and backwardness of the population
Political influence of the sitting political party
Dependence on foreign communication satellites
Conclusion
Although the Internet is less than 30 years old, its impact on
society has been astronomical. Pakistan as a third world country is
behind other developed world in all the fields as well as the field of
information technology. Thus there is a great need to develop the IT
infrastructure of the country on war footing. The national IT policy
of Pakistan is serving our purpose well.
Recommendations
NADRA’s SRCs and other registration facilities should be
reorganized and equipment and staff at these facilities should be
increased to efficiently handle the number of customers coming
to these sites
The procedure for the correction of mistakes and errors in the
documents should be reconsidered and be made fast
Creating the awareness and importance of IT
Persuading all sectors of the society to realize the importance of
IT and their specific role to play and developing IT awareness
institutes in various parts of the country on a war footing basis
Developing a contributing chain mechanism in which each
segment should play its specific role and making Internet
available to all such areas where it is still an alien's domain
Establishing all the government departments on virtual or online
basis will certainly improve the e-business in Pakistan