![Page 1: Miroslav Jursík Jiří Andr Veronika Venclová Josef Soukup E-mail: jursik@af.czu.cz](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815805550346895dc57557/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Miroslav JursíkJiří Andr
Veronika VenclováJosef Soukup
E-mail: [email protected]
Efficacy and selectivityEfficacy and selectivityof pre-emergence herbicidesof pre-emergence herbicides
in sunflower as influencedin sunflower as influencedby soil water conditionsby soil water conditions
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Typical sunflower weeds in Typical sunflower weeds in the the Czech Czech RepublicRepublic
Chenopodium album
Echinochloa crus-galli
Polygonum lapathifolium
Amaranthus retroflexus
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Locally occurring sunflower weedsLocally occurring sunflower weeds in in the the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
Mercurialis annua
Abutilon TheophrastiSolanum nigrum
Datura stramonium
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Weed control in sunflower in Weed control in sunflower in Czech RepublicCzech Republic
90 % of sunflower 90 % of sunflower area area is is treated btreated by pre-emergence y pre-emergence
soil herbicidesoil herbicidess sunflower is very sensitivsunflower is very sensitive e to m to many hany herbicideerbicidess – –
metabolicmetabolic type of type of selectivity selectivity iis usually low s usually low intensive precipitation after herbicide application intensive precipitation after herbicide application
(especially on sandy soil) may cause vertical (especially on sandy soil) may cause vertical
movemovementment of herbicide into of herbicide into the the zone zone with with
germinatgerminating ing seeds of sunflower and damage them seeds of sunflower and damage them
(phytotoxicity) (phytotoxicity)
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widely used widely used tank-mixtank-mix combination combinationssof herbicidesof herbicides
linuronprosulfocarboxyfluorfen pendimethalin flurochloridonebifenox
acetochlor alachlor dimethenamidmetolachlor
+
dicot weeds
grass weeds
Pre-emergence weed control in Pre-emergence weed control in sunflower in sunflower in the the Czech Czech
RepublicRepublic
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Material and methodMaterial and methodssTrial layoutTrial layout
tested herbicides:tested herbicides: HerbcideActive ingredience Herb. rate
(l.ha-1)
Goal 2 E oxyfluorfen 1,00
Afalon 45 SC linuron 1,50
Racer 25 EC flurochloridone 3,00
Stomp 400 SC pendimethalin 4,00
Boxer prosulfocarb 5,00
Trophy acetochlor 2,50
Half of each plot was irrigatedHalf of each plot was irrigatedby by simulation of 3simulation of 30 mm0 mm precipitationprecipitationss
(2-3 weeks after herbicide application)(2-3 weeks after herbicide application)
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Material and methodMaterial and methodss
experimental yearexperimental yearss:: 2008 and 2009 2008 and 2009 soil characteristic:soil characteristic: chernozem, clay content 46 %, soil pH (KCl) 7.5, sorption chernozem, clay content 46 %, soil pH (KCl) 7.5, sorption
capacity of soil: 209 mmolcapacity of soil: 209 mmol(+)(+), 87 ppm P, 203 ppm K, 197 ppm Mg, 8073 ppm Ca, 87 ppm P, 203 ppm K, 197 ppm Mg, 8073 ppm Ca occurring woccurring weeds:eeds: Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-galli, , Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium
albumalbum and and Mercurialis annua Mercurialis annua
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Materials and methoMaterials and methodsds
Soil moisture conditionSoil moisture conditionss::
dry condition – dry condition – natural precipitation – natural precipitation – 25 mm 25 mm within within 4 WAT4 WAT
wet condition – wet condition – intensiveintensive natural natural precipitation (65 mm precipitation (65 mm within within 4 WAT)4 WAT)
simulated simulated rainfall – rainfall – ((natural natural precipitation precipitation 25 mm 25 mm within within 4 WAT4 WAT + + 30 mm 30 mm irrigationirrigation))
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Efficacy of tested herbicides on Efficacy of tested herbicides on Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexus
under different rainfall conditionsunder different rainfall conditions
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
oxyfluorfen
linuron
fluorochloridone
pendimethalin
prosulfocarb
acetochlor
efficacy (%)
dry condition simulated rainfall wet condition
low efficacy in dry condition
low efficacy in dry condition
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Efficacy of tested herbicides on Efficacy of tested herbicides on Chenopodium albumChenopodium album
under under different different rainfall rainfall conditionconditionss
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
oxyfluorfen
linuron
fluorochloridone
pendimethalin
prosulfocarb
acetochlor
efficacy (%)
dry condition simulated rainfall wet condition
efficacy was not influenced by rainfall
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Efficacy of tested herbicides on Efficacy of tested herbicides on Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-galli
under under different different rainfall rainfall conditionconditionss
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
oxyfluorfen
linuron
fluorochloridone
pendimethalin
prosulfocarb
acetochlor
efficacy (%)
dry condition simulated rainfall wet condition
efficacy was not influenced by rainfall
efficacy was not influenced by rainfall
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Efficacy of tested herbicides on Efficacy of tested herbicides on Mercurialis annuaMercurialis annua
in difin diffferent dry conditionerent dry condition
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
oxyfluorfen
linuron
fluorochloridone
pendimethalin
prosulfocarb
acetochlor
efficacy (%)
dry condition simulated rainfall wet condition
efficacy was not influenced by soil moisture
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Selectivity of tested herbicides to Selectivity of tested herbicides to sunflower in different dry conditionsunflower in different dry condition
4 week after application4 week after application
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
oxyfluorfen
linuron
fluorochloridone
pendimethalin
prosulfocarb
acetochlor
efficacy (%)
dry condition simulated rainfall wet condition
no phytotoxicity in all tested rainfall conditions
phytotoxicity influenced by size of rain drops
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ConclusionConclusionss
excellent and lonexcellent and longg-term residual -term residual efficacy efficacy onon E. crus-galli E. crus-galli and and A. A. retroflexusretroflexus
efficacy efficacy waswas not not aaffected by ffected by rainfallrainfall
acetochloracetochlor
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ConclusionConclusionss
acetochloracetochlor
wet conditions dry conditions
Chenopodium album Mercurialis annua
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ConclusionConclusionss
excellent and lonexcellent and longg-term residual -term residual efficacy to efficacy to E. crus-galli E. crus-galli and and A. A. retroflexusretroflexus
efficacy efficacy waswas not not aaffected by soil ffected by soil moisture moisture
slslow ow metabolism bymetabolism by sunflower - sunflower - risk risk if usedif used on sandy soil on sandy soil
sunflower injursunflower injuryy is often hidden is often hidden and and cause a cause a growgrow retardation retardation
acetochloracetochlor
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excellent efficacy excellent efficacy on on A. retroflexusA. retroflexus and very good efficacy and very good efficacy onon M. annua – M. annua – notnot very very influenced by influenced by rainfallrainfall
oxyfluorfenoxyfluorfen
ConclusionConclusionss
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oxyfluorfenoxyfluorfen
ConclusionConclusionss
wet conditions dry conditions
Chenopodium albumE. crus-galli
only in
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excellent efficacy excellent efficacy onon A. retroflexusA. retroflexus and very good efficacy and very good efficacy onon M. annua – M. annua – not not very very influenced by influenced by rainfallrainfall conditionconditionss
short residual short residual activityactivity
slow metabolism by slow metabolism by sunflower – sunflower – phytotoxicity phytotoxicity waswas caused by rain caused by rain drops which reflected from soil drops which reflected from soil surfacesurface – – necrosis and deformation necrosis and deformation of leavesof leaves
oxyfluorfenoxyfluorfen
ConclusionConclusionss
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good efficacy good efficacy onon all tested weeds, all tested weeds, but only in wet conditionbut only in wet conditionss
very low efficacyvery low efficacy in dry conditionsin dry conditions
linuronlinuron
ConclusionConclusionss
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linuronlinuron
ConclusionConclusion
wet condition dry condition
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good efficacy good efficacy onon all tested weeds, all tested weeds, but only in wet conditionbut only in wet conditionss
low efficacylow efficacy in dry conditionsin dry conditions relative short residual relative short residual activity activity (up to (up to
2 month2 monthss after application after application)) – – fast fast development of sunflower leaf development of sunflower leaf coverage is necessarycoverage is necessary
high selectivity to sunflowerhigh selectivity to sunflower – – posposssibility of use ibility of use onon sandy soil sandy soilss
linuronlinuron
ConclusionConclusion
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Lower selectivity to sunflower – Lower selectivity to sunflower – risk irisk if f useusedd on sandy soil on sandy soilss
phytotoxicity symptom on sunphytotoxicity symptom on sunflowerflower is is bleaching bleaching
excellent efficacy excellent efficacy onon all tested weed all tested weedss, , but only in wet conditionbut only in wet conditionss
reduced efficacy mainly reduced efficacy mainly onon E. crus-galliE. crus-galli and and M. annuaM. annua in dry condition in dry conditionss
llongong-term-term residual residual activityactivity
flurochloridoneflurochloridone
ConclusionConclusion
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flurochloridoneflurochloridone
ConclusionConclusion
wet conditions dry conditions
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excellent efficacy excellent efficacy onon all tested weeds, all tested weeds, but only in wet conditionbut only in wet conditionss
in dry soil conditionin dry soil conditions,s, good efficacy good efficacy was found was found only only onon A. retroflexusA. retroflexus
prosulfocarbprosulfocarb
ConclusionConclusionss
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prosulfocarbprosulfocarb
ConclusionConclusion
wet condition dry condition
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excellent efficacy excellent efficacy onon all tested weeds, all tested weeds, but only in but only in wet wet conditionconditionss
in dry conditionin dry conditionss good efficacy only good efficacy only onon A. retroflexusA. retroflexus was foundwas found
relative short residual relative short residual activityactivity high selectivity to sunflowerhigh selectivity to sunflower – –
possibility of use possibility of use onon sandy soil sandy soilss
prosulfocarbprosulfocarb
ConclusionConclusionss
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excellent and long-term efficacy excellent and long-term efficacy onon C. albumC. album in all tested wet condition in all tested wet conditionss
for other for other assessedassessed weeds weeds - short - short residual residual activityactivity andand efficacy is efficacy is partpartiallyially influenced by soil influenced by soil waterwater conditionconditionss
pendimethalinpendimethalin
ConclusionConclusionss
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pendimethalinpendimethalin
ConclusionConclusion
wet conditions dry conditions
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excellent and long-term efficacy excellent and long-term efficacy onon C. albumC. album in all tested condition in all tested conditionss
for other tested weedsfor other tested weeds - short - short residual residual activityactivity andand efficacy is efficacy is partpartially ially influenced by soil winfluenced by soil watteratter conditionconditionss
bbreaking reaking and lodging of and lodging of stemsstems maymay occurr as aoccurr as a result of callus result of callus creation creation on on stem basestem base
pendimethalinpendimethalin
ConclusionConclusion
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