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University Of PeloponneseFaculty of Economy, Management and Informatics Department of Informatics and Telecommunications
Michael Batistatos(Academic Laboratory Teacher)
Tripolis (Greece)
Newcastle (UK)
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Electromagnetic Radiation Measurements
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
We are exposed to a sea of EM radiation
(nature sources, communication devices, power lines, appliances e.g. microwave oven)
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
World goes wireless
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Modern society – What are the sources of the microwave radiation?
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Equipment for RF measurements: Narda srm-3000
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
RF Bands
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
RF Spectrum Analysis
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Real Scenario - Area and landscape
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Yellow Pins: Measurement Locations
Red & Blue Pins: Mobile Phone Base Stations
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Electric Field Strength (V/m)
Location A Location B
Location C Can you explain the graph of the Location C measurement?
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Electric field strength versus time
Some interesting results
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Bioinitiative Report 2007 (proposed limit of 0.614 V/m) and 2012 (proposed limit of 0,036 V/m)
ICNIRP: International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
WHO: Worldwide Health Organization
Exposure Limits by:
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
0,07150.00810,02388850,03946950,0319880
Λ97,5%Λ2,5%-U+U
Conclusion:In the Limits
(The total exposure ratio is
31 times under the exposure reference
levels)
95% confidence interval
UncertaintyTotal exposure
ratio
0,0000085
0,0000155
0,000010347,20,151362483,5 -
3000
0,0000015
0,0000028
0,000001947,20,064484
2400 –2483,5 WIFI-RLAN
0,0000020
0,0000037
0,000002547,20,0742462200 -2400
0,0049807
0,0082658
0,006676746,243,77821885 –2200
UMTS
0,0180516
0,0299580
0,024198444,046,85081710 –
1885 GSM 1800
0,0000098
0,0000157
0,000013633,000,12182960 - 1710
0,0000579
0,0000933
0,000080731,680,2847885 – 960GSM 900
0,0000069
0,0000111
0,000009523,090,07119470 – 885TV - UHF
0,0000025
0,0000034
0,000002921,300,036552400 – 470 TETRA
0,0000061
0,0000098
0,000008421,70,063033230 - 400
0,0007504
0,0010727
0,000968421,70,67529108 – 230TV-VHF
0,0000066
0,0000105
0,000009521,70,06676587,5 – 108
FM -RADIO
0,0000040
0,0000070
0,000005121,70,04913175-87,5
-U
B(Λf)+U
B(Λf)
Uncertainty
Exposure Ratio Λf
Exposure Reference
Levels 60%Ε (V/m)
Max Electric
Field Strength (V/m)
Frequency Bands(MHz)
0,07150.00810,02388850,03946950,0319880
Λ97,5%Λ2,5%-U+U
Conclusion:In the Limits
(The total exposure ratio is
31 times under the exposure reference
levels)
95% confidence interval
UncertaintyTotal exposure
ratio
0,0000085
0,0000155
0,000010347,20,151362483,5 -
3000
0,0000015
0,0000028
0,000001947,20,064484
2400 –2483,5 WIFI-RLAN
0,0000020
0,0000037
0,000002547,20,0742462200 -2400
0,0049807
0,0082658
0,006676746,243,77821885 –2200
UMTS
0,0180516
0,0299580
0,024198444,046,85081710 –
1885 GSM 1800
0,0000098
0,0000157
0,000013633,000,12182960 - 1710
0,0000579
0,0000933
0,000080731,680,2847885 – 960GSM 900
0,0000069
0,0000111
0,000009523,090,07119470 – 885TV - UHF
0,0000025
0,0000034
0,000002921,300,036552400 – 470 TETRA
0,0000061
0,0000098
0,000008421,70,063033230 - 400
0,0007504
0,0010727
0,000968421,70,67529108 – 230TV-VHF
0,0000066
0,0000105
0,000009521,70,06676587,5 – 108
FM -RADIO
0,0000040
0,0000070
0,000005121,70,04913175-87,5
-U
B(Λf)+U
B(Λf)
Uncertainty
Exposure Ratio Λf
Exposure Reference
Levels 60%Ε (V/m)
Max Electric
Field Strength (V/m)
Frequency Bands(MHz)
Example of RF exposure analysis
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Location EnvironmentTotal value
Ε (V/m)Bioinitiative Ebio
(V/m)Times above/below
Hondos Center urban 4,003661056 0.614 42,5 above
Πλ. Αγ. Βασιλείου urban 1,461722264 0.614 5,7 above
ΟΤΕ 2 urban 1,163019113 0.614 3,6 above
Πλ. Κολοκοτρώνη urban 0,838044459 0.614 1,8 above
ΕΥΔΑΠ urban 0,744563805 0.614 1,5 above
Παιδική Χαρά urban 0,644091512 0.614 1,1 above
ΟΤΕ 1 urban 0,558388418 0.614 1,2 below
Δημοτικό Σχολείο urban 0,474597871 0.614 1,7 below
ΒΙΠΕ suburban 0,471235704 0.614 1,7 below
Νοσοκομείο suburban 0,3971682 0.614 2,4 below
4ο Γυμνάσιο urban 0,387266509 0.614 2,5 below
Πανεπιστήμιο suburban-rural 0,382382428 0.614 2,6 below
Στάδιο (πίσω) suburban 0,367865548 0.614 2,8 below
2ο Λύκειο (LoS-περιπτωση) suburban 0,316994893 0.614 3,7 below
4ο Νηπιαγωγειο suburban 0,294429056 0.614 4,3 below
Στάδιο suburban 0,294390583 0.614 4,3 below
ΙΚΑ suburban 0,258114301 0.614 5,7 below
8ο Νηπιαγωγείο suburban 0,242179641 0.614 6,4 below
1ο Λύκειο suburban 0,240301014 0.614 6,5 below
2ο Λύκειο (ΝLoS-περίπτωση) suburban 0,23600913 0.614 6,8 below
Άλσος Αγ. Γεωργίου suburban-rural 0,22261223 0.614 7,6 below
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
No L.O.S. Τέλος Διαδρόμου με θόρυβο 800.2ΜΗz,BW:200KHz
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101 105 109 113
Measurement Number (0-14s)
V/m
E(V/m), 5 cm distance, weak signal
L.O.S. BASKET 800.2MHz, BW:200Mhz
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121 133 145 157 169 181 193 205 217 229
Measurement Number(0-30s)
V/m
E(V/m), 5 cm distance, strong signal
Electric Filed Strength measurement when the mobile phone is transmitting in GSM mode
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Practical approach to communications systems in Matlab-Simulink
-Introduction to Simulink
-Build simple systems
-Study PCM modulation
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Introduction to Simulink
Download the pdf and mdl files and follow the instructions
Pdf file: Introduction to Simulink
Mdl file: Intro.mdl
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Build simple systems
Download the pdf and mdl files and follow the instructions
Pdf file: Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
Mdl file: PAM.mdl
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Study PCM modulation
Download the pdf and mdl files and follow the instructions
Pdf file: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Mdl files: Sampling.mdl , Quantization.mdl , PCM.mdl
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Wireless and Mobile Communications Lab
Thank you
Questions?