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Metadata for digital preservation: a review of
recent developments
Michael Day
UKOLN, University of [email protected]
ECDL2001, 5th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries,
Darmstadt, Germany, 4-9 September 2001
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Presentation overview
• Digital preservation strategies and metadata
• Recordkeeping approaches
• The OAIS model
• Some recent projects
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Digital preservation strategies and metadata
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Digital preservation (1)
The problem:• “... ensuring that digital information of
continuing value remains accessible and usable” - (Hedstrom, 1998)
• about access, not just long-term storage
• is a technical problem• but is also a huge organisational and
managerial problem
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Digital preservation (2)
Preservation strategies:• Technology preservation - museums of
hardware and software• Emulation • Migration
All strategies depend to some extent on the creation and maintenance of metadata
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Preservation metadata (1)
Metadata is an important part of any digital preservation strategy:
– Within a digital repository, “metadata accompanies and makes reference to each digital object and provides associated descriptive, structural, administrative, rights management, and other kinds of information.” (Lynch, 1999)
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september99/09lynch.html
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Recordkeeping metadata
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Recordkeeping metadata (1)
Projects:• Functional Requirements for Evidence
in Recordkeeping– Metadata requirements for evidence
• Preservation of the Integrity of Electronic Records
– reliability and authenticity– identify necessary components of records
• InterPARES– typology of electronic records
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Recordkeeping metadata (2)
Australian initiatives:• Recordkeeping Metadata Schema
(RKMS) - Monash University• Recordkeeping Metadata Standard for
Commonwealth Agencies - NAA• NSW Recordkeeping Metadata
Standard• Victorian Electronic Records Strategy
(VERS)
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Recordkeeping metadata (3)
Archiving Metadata Forum (AMF):• Set-up at the Recordkeeping Metadata
Working Meeting held in the Netherlands in June 2000
http://www.archiefschool.nl/amf/
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Reference Model for an Open Archival Information
System (OAIS)
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
The OAIS model (1)
Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS):
– Consultative Committee on Space Data Systems (CCSDS)
– Red Book, Issue 2 (June 2001)– Establishes a common framework of terms and
concepts which comprise an OAIS– Facilitates the description and comparison of
archives– A basis for further standardisation (ISO)– A basis for conformance
http://ssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/ref_model.html
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
The OAIS model (2)
Administration
Ingest
ArchivalStorage
Access
DataManagement
Descriptive info.
AIP
PRODUCER
CONSUMER
AIP
SIP
DIP
MANAGEMENT
queries
result sets
Descriptive info.
Preservation Planning
orders
OAIS Functional Model (Figure 4-1)
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
The OAIS model (3)
Archival Information Package (AIP):– Content Information
– The information that is the primary object of preservation. Containing a Digital Object and any Representation Information (technical metadata) needed to transform this object into meaningful information
– Preservation Description Information (PDI)– other information (metadata) “which will allow
the understanding of the Content Information over an indefinite period of time”
– Terms defined in CPA/RLG report
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
PreservationDescriptionInformation
Reference Information
ProvenanceInformation
ContextInformation
FixityInformation
Preservation Description Information:
The OAIS model (4)
OAIS Information Package Taxonomy (Figure 4-14)
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
The OAIS model (5)
OAIS Model - taxonomy:• Content Information:
– Digital Object– Representation Information
• Preservation Description Information:– Reference– Context– Provenance– Fixity
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Digital preservation projects
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
NLA (1)
National Library of Australia• Experience with PANDORA project
– practically based, a ‘proof-of-concept’
• Preservation metadata for digital collections (October 1999)
– information that a digital storage system would need to generate in order to facilitate preservation management
– 25 high level elements, applied to three separate levels of granularity (collection, object file)
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
NLA (2)
NLA metadata schema:– e.g., Persistent Identifier, Date of creation,
Structural type, Technical Infrastructure of Complex Object, File description, Known System Requirements, Installation Requirements, Storage Information, Access Inhibitors, Finding and Searching Aids, and Access Facilitators, Quirks, etc.
– Metadata also records the administrative process of preservation, e.g. Institution Responsible for Archiving Decision, Institution with preservation responsibility, Process, etc.
http://www.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.html
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
NEDLIB project (1)
NEDLIB (Networked European Deposit Library)• Funded by European Union’s Telematics
Applications Programme• Consortium of national libraries, publishers,
IT organisations and a national archive• Led by the National library of the
Netherlands
http://www.kb.nl/coop/nedlib/
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
NEDLIB project (2)
NEDLIB Metadata schema:• Lupovici & Masanès (2000)• adopted the OAIS model’s terminology
and broad structure• 18 elements, 38 sub-elements, e.g.:
– Representation Information:– e.g. Specific Hardware requirements, Operating
system, Object format, Application, etc.
– PDI and Descriptive Information:– e.g. Reference Information, Assigned Identifier,
URL, Checksum, Change History, etc.
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Cedars project (1)
Cedars:• Led by the Consortium of University
Research Libraries (CURL) • Funded by the Joint Information
Systems Committee, initially as part of phase 3 of the eLib Programme
• Main partners: Universities of Cambridge, Leeds and Oxford; support from UKOLN for metadata work
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Cedars project (2)
Metadata• Review of preservation metadata
initiatives (1998)• Draft metadata schema (2000)
– Adopted OAIS as framework– Included Content Information (including
Representation Information) and PDI
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Cedars project (3)
PDI:• Reference Information
– Resource Description– Title, Creator, etc.
– Reference labels– Existing metadata
• Context Information– Reason for Preservation– Related Information Objects
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Cedars project (4)
• Provenance Information– History of Origin– Management History– Use History– Known Operating Environments– Rights Management
• Fixity Information– Checksum
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Cedars project (5)
Continued project developments:• Project extension:
– practical focus– dissemination
– guidance documents on various topics (including preservation metadata)
– workshop
• CAMiLEON:– JISC/NSF International Digital Libraries
Programme– testing emulation strategies
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
OCLC/RLG working groups
Preservation Metadata Working Group:– White Paper - “Preservation metadata for
digital objects: a review of the state of the art” (March 2001)
– Group currently looking in more detail at definitions of Content Information and PDI
Digital Archive Attributes Working Group:– Draft paper - “Attributes of a trusted digital
repository” - (August 2001)
http://www.oclc.org/digitalpreservation/
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
To conclude ...
• Several different traditions:– Recordkeeping– Digital libraries– There are others ... sound and video archives,
geospatial data, datasets, etc.
• Importance of OAIS model• Development of metadata models and
schemas:– Not much practical implementation– No clear idea of required expertise and skills
(potential costs)
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ECDL2001, Darmstadt, 4-9 September 2001
Acknowledgements
UKOLN is funded by Resource: the Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries, the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the UK higher and further education funding councils, as well as by project funding from the JISC and the European Union. UKOLN also receives support from the University of Bath where it is based.
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/