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MENGGAMBAR TEKNIK
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK KIMIAINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI INDONESIA
Dosen: Andrian Ahmad D
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Menggambar Teknik - JH2
Hakikat Gambar sebagai Bahasa Teknik
Gambar adalah sarana komunikasi (bahasa) sarjana Teknik
Standar Gambar adalah tata bahasa Bahasa dan Gambar
Lisan Kalimat GambarIndra Akustik Visual VisualEkspresi Suara Kalimat GambarAturan Tata Bahasa Standar Gb.
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Menggambar Teknik - JH3
Fungsi Gambar1. Penyampaian Informasi2. Dokumentasi3. Proses Pemikiran
Chemical EquilibriumRate of Reaction
Kinetics SystemThermodynamicsWhat type
What sizeWhat operationconditions are
requiredWhat energy balance
What cost
Introduction
The Major Objective
?
Reactor Design
!
Chemical Reaction
TRK-1Types of Reaction
Esterification Hydrolysis Pyrolysis
Oxidation & Reduction Cracking
Polymerization Fermentation Hydrogenation Halogenation Electrolysis
…...
Het
erog
eneo
us
Hom
ogen
eous
TRK-2
ConcentrationDependent
Tem
pera
ture
Dep
ende
nt
Activation Energy
Arrhenius’s Law
Single / Multiple Reaction
Non-elementary
Elementary
Rate C
onstantRate Order /
Molecularity
Kine
tics
Vie
w
Testing of Kinetics
ModelKi
netic
s M
odel
Types or Reactor
Batch
Semi-Batch
Continuous
KineticsSystem
Collection & Analysis ofRate Data
IsothermalReactor Design
Phase ofReaction
TRK-1.JH.2003
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Menggambar Teknik - JH4
ESSENTIAL FLOW DIAGRAMS
The most effective way of communicating information about process is the use of
flow diagrams.
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Menggambar Teknik - JH5
Sifat-sifat Gambar Teknik Sederhana Sistematis Informatif
Internasional Modern
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Menggambar Teknik - JH6
Pengembangan Gambar Input – Output Diagram Block Flow Diagram
Generic BFD: Preliminary Process Condition
Preliminary Material Balance Process Flow Diagram Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Engineering and Construction
Diagram
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Menggambar Teknik - JH7
ANALYSIS: Generic Block Flow Process Diagram
Elements1. Reactor Feed Preparation2. Reactor3. Separator-Feed Preparation4. Separator5. Recycle6. Environmental Control
1 2
5
3 4
6
FeedProducts
By-ProductsWaste Stream
DischargeToenvironment
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Menggambar Teknik - JH8
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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.
3D Modules Function Create three-dimensional plant models, create equipment models, extract isometric drawings, and perform design interference checks and equipment clashes.
PDSPlant Design System
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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.
3D ModulesEquipment Modeling FrameWorks Plus Piping Design Graphics Reference Data Manager Drawing ManagerPDS Stress Analysis Interface
Interference Checker/ManagerPDS Isometric InterfaceEE Raceway ModelingDesign Review Integrator
PDSPlant Design System
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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.
Equipment ModelingModel the equipment defined in the P&IDStylistic representations of equipment items are produced, with or without nozzles, by entering data from equipment data sheets noting dimensions and weights.Can create a physical envelope defining the space occupied for maintenance and access areas
PDSPlant Design System
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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.
FrameWorks PlusUsed to layout structural frames, foundations, slabs and walls.Piping designers, equipment modelers and structural designers, can see the location of each other’s objects.Place loads in the 3D model, and apply other analytical characteristics to use with a third-party analysis solver.Other outputs are material lists, output to third-party steel detailing programs, interference envelopes, and graphic and non-graphic data for Design Review
PDSPlant Design System
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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.
Piping Design GraphicsCreate a 3D model of the piping and in-line instruments defined in the P&IDThe centerline is intelligent and contains information such as the piping material class, nominal diameter, fluid code, insulation parameters, temperatures and pressures, and so forth.The alphanumeric data required for each pipeline can be entered interactively or transferred from the P&ID.
PDSPlant Design System
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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.
Piping Design GraphicsA pipeline can be connected to a specific nozzle or routed from a point in space.Interactive design checks are performed for each component placement, ensure matching or compatible diameters, pressure ratings, end preparations, and other consistency criteria.
PDSPlant Design System
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Menggambar Teknik - JH15
General Design Considerations1. Health and Safety Hazards2. Environmental Protection3. Plant Location4. Plant Layout5. Plant Operations and Control6. Utilities7. Structural Design8. Storage9. Materials Handling10.Patent Considerations
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Menggambar Teknik - JH16
Steps in Developing a Design ProjectProcess identification Laboratory verification Reaction flow schematic Preliminary flow process Preliminary economic evaluation Process development Mass and Energy Balance Process flow scheme
Site selection Refined economic evaluation Design fixed Detailed economic evaluation Engineering flow schemes Basic Design Detailed Constructions Plan Detail Design Procurement Construction Startup
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CAE / Analisa SoftwareStruCAD, Stress Analysis, Caesar ETAPEDSA Xsteel MathCAD Hysis Pipesis, Pipenet Thermoflow
CAD Drafting Software
AutoCADMicrostation pembuatan drawing dilakukan melalui komputer dan integrasinya dilakukan manual
Design Software pembuatan drawing dan integrasinya dilakukan melalui secara komputerisasi AutoPlant (Piping, 3D) hanya untuk Piping Plant Design System untuk semua disiplinSmartPlant untuk semua disiplin
Dokumen & Data ManagementEDMS
Project Wise Marian
Cost Control Prolog Manager
Schedule Control Primavera MS Project
Procurement controlE-Pro
Aplikasi Software
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End of Session I
Minggu depan bawa kertas A4 (HVS atau kertas gambar), penggaris, pensil HB, B, & 2B, penghapus pensil.
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Session II
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Menggambar Teknik - JH20
Latihan Menggambar BFD Petunjuk Mengenai Garis dan Mata
Panah Petunjuk Mengenai Tulisan Contoh Kasus
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Menggambar Teknik - JH21
Garis Aliran MaterialTebal 0.5mm (1pt)
MataPanah
3
1
Tebal 0.8mm (21/4pt)
Huruf Material & Satuan OperasiBeda 1 ukuran (12 – 14 pt)
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Menggambar Teknik - JH22
LATIHAN Siapkan alat-alat gambar Anda Pelajarilah Deskripsi Proses berikut ini Gambarlah BFD proses tersebut
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Session III & IV
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Menggambar PFD
Pump
LC
TC
Reboiler
Tower
Bottom Product
Vapor
Steam
Condensate
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Menggambar Teknik - JH25
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Menggambar Teknik - JH26
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Menggambar Teknik - JH27
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Menggambar Teknik - JH28
Aturan Menggambar PFD Aturan garis dan ketebalan sama seperti
BFDAturan membuat PFD:1. Aliran utama harus dilengkapi tanda panah untuk menunjukkan arah aliran.2. Usahakan aliran dari kiri menuju ke kanan.3. Aliran yang ringan (gas) berada di atas aliran berat (cair / padat).4. Apabila terdapat garis yang memotong, garis horizontal tetap dilanjutkan, sedangkan garis vertikal putus tepat di perpotongan garis.5. Penomoran aliran di dalam simbol diamond.6. Simbol diamond terletak tepat di garis aliran.
PFD
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Menggambar Teknik - JH29
Initial nama alat prosesTata cara pemberian
simbol dan nomor peralatan (standar ASME)
AA-XYY AA = initial alat
operasi X = nomor
identitas unit area proses
YY = nomor urut identitas alat proses
C – Kompresor atau turbinE – Heat ExchangerH – Fired HeaterP – Pompa R – ReaktorT – TowerTK – Storage tankV – VesselA/B menunjukkan adanya unit paralel atau unit cadangan yang tidak dimunculkan di PFD.
PFD
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Menggambar Teknik - JH30
Initial nama bahan utilitasAliran Utilitas:lps = Low Pressure Steam: 3 – 5 barg (sat)mps = Medium Pressure Steam: 10 – 15 barg (sat)hps = High Pressure Steam 40 – 50 barg (sat)htm = Heat Transfer Mediacw = Cooling Waterwr = River Waterrw = Refrigerated Waterrb = Refrigerated Brinecs = Chemical Waste Waterss = Sanitary Waste Waterel = Electric Heat (220V; 440V; 660V)ng = Natural Gasfg = Fuel Gasfo = Fuel Oilfw = Fire Water
PFD
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Menggambar Teknik - JH31
Simbol-simbol Process Input
Process output
Nomor aliran
instrumentasi
Simbol instrumentasi:Huruf Pertama:F = FlowL = LevelP = PressureT = Temperature
Huruf kedua atau ketigaC = ControllerG = GlassI = IndicatorR = RecorderS = SafetyV = ValveW = Well
orifice
Diaphragm valve
Flow ControlPneumatic connection
Electric connection
FC
FC
PFD
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Menggambar Teknik - JH32
Contoh:Cooler with fixed hot fluid outlet
Hot Fluid
Cooler
cw
FCTC
Contoh:Gas Cooler with condensate removal
LC
condensate
PCV
Hot gas
cw
TC
Contoh:Condensation of a pure volatile product
Tower
condenser
accumulator
vent
pump
Overheadproduct
TI
FC
LC
Cold water
Aftercooler
Cold water
PC
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Menggambar Teknik - JH33
Latihan Menggambar PFD
Air Separation Process