![Page 1: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Memory
Taking in and Storing Information
![Page 2: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Study Guide
#7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267
![Page 3: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Case of Clive Wearing
Life without memory video clip
![Page 4: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What do we remember?
Write down the very first memory you can think of! How old were you?– Neural pathways are still developing– Language barrier– Survival responses may take precedence
![Page 5: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Flashbulb Memories
Surprise-induced memorization
– Empirical research shows that flashbulb memories may be formed in response to surprising stimuli and events in general.
Hormonal basis hypothesis
– Cortisol is released in response to stressful incidents causing the brain to remember things to avoid in the future.
Reinforcement Theories
![Page 6: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Informational Processing Model: Encoding, Storage & Retrieval
Sensory Memory: very brief memory storage immediately following initial reception of a stimulus.
Our senses hold onto memories for fractions of a second.– Iconic Memory: visual sensory memory– Echoic Memory: auditory sensory memory that lasts for 1-2
seconds
![Page 7: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sensory Memory: Iconic George Sperling : Present stimulus for 50ms to participants We “see” more than we can “say”
P Y F GV J S AD H B U
![Page 8: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Processes of Memory:Encoding
First we encode information.
– Encoding: the transforming of information so the nervous system can process it.
– We encode information through our senses.
Acoustic Codes: listening, saying something out loud
Visual Codes: mental pictures, images
Semantic Codes: give meaning to the information
![Page 9: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Write down the number of “F’s” Appearing
in the Statement Below.
Finished files are
the results of years
of scientific study
combined with the
experience of years.
![Page 10: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How many did you count? 3, 4, 5, 6 ? (acoustic or visual encoding?)
Finished files are the results of years
of scientific studycombined with the
experience of years.
![Page 11: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Instructions will appear on the next slide.
Nod your head when you fully understand the instructions.
![Page 12: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Group 1
FOR EACH OF THE WORDS THAT I AM GOING TO READ, MENTALLY RATE THE USEFULNESS OF THE ITEM, ON A 1-5 SCALE, IF YOU WERE STRANDED ON A DESERT ISLAND.
![Page 13: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Instructions will appear on the next slide.
Nod your head when you fully understand the instructions.
![Page 14: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
GROUP 2
FOR EACH OF THE WORDS THAT I AM GOING TO READ, MENTALLY ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF SYLLABALS FOUND IN THE WORD.
![Page 15: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Processes of Memory
Storage– Storage: The process by
which information is maintained over a period of time.
– How much effort was put into encoding?
![Page 16: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Short-Term Memory
Maintenance rehearsal: shallow processing
20 seconds “Rule of 7” (7 +/- 2) Try to remember as
many of the following letters as possible.
FABCPBSNBCCNNMTV
F ABC PBS NBC CNN MTV
Chunking: the process of grouping items to make them easier to remember.
Social Security NumbersPhone Numbers
![Page 17: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Put Your Pens/Pencils Down and Listen to the List of Words I Read.
5 10 1520
DreamNightTossTurnSoundRestSnoreNightSlumberArtichokeComfortTiredClockFatigueSilenceDarkQuiltNightBedSleep
![Page 18: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Short-Term Memory
The Serial Position Effect: we are better able to recall information presented at the beginning and end of a list.
Primacy Effect– Words a beginning of list
Recency Effect– Words at the end of the
list
![Page 19: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
No conscious recall
C.C.
habits
Deliberate
Explicit
Conscious Recall
Memory of events in serial form
![Page 20: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Informational Processing Model: Encoding, Storage & Retrieval
![Page 21: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Processes of Memory
Retrieval Retrieval: The process
of obtaining information that has been stored in memory.
– Information is brought back to mind from storage.
– Depends on how information was encoded and stored.
![Page 22: Memory Taking in and Storing Information. Study Guide #7 pg 259 #8 pg 266-267](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e655503460f94b600cd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Three Stages of Memory: Long-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory: information is stored for long periods of time.