Download - MDIA 308
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MDIA 308
Television
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TelevisionTelevision
• Like film – television is actually a series of Like film – television is actually a series of still images presented to the eye in rapid still images presented to the eye in rapid successionsuccession
• Earliest experiments in 1890sEarliest experiments in 1890s– Italian monk – Italian monk – CasselliCasselli– Pictures by wirePictures by wire
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TelevisionTelevision
• Mechanical TelevisionMechanical Television
• Paul Nipkow – scanning diskPaul Nipkow – scanning disk– Nipkow diskNipkow disk
• John Loge BairdJohn Loge Baird– Scottish inventor working with BBCScottish inventor working with BBC– Launched the first system based on Launched the first system based on
mechanical scanningmechanical scanning
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Nipkow diskNipkow disk
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TelevisionTelevision
• Electronic television – cathode ray tubeElectronic television – cathode ray tube
• Vladimir ZworykinVladimir Zworykin– IconoscopeIconoscope
• Philo T. FarnsworthPhilo T. Farnsworth– Image DissectorImage Dissector
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TelevisionTelevision
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Electronic scanning
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White lightBeam splitterBeam splitter
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Cathode ray tube
White lightBeam splitterBeam splitter
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Color TV screens
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Television standards
• National Television Standard Commission (NTSC)
• Standard Definition (SDTV)• 4:3 aspect ratio• 525 lines of horizontal resolution• 30 frames per second• 60 fields per second• 2 fields per frame• Interlace scanning
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Television standards
• High definition (HDTV)
• 16:9 aspect ratio
• 1080 lines of horizontal resolution
• 30 frames per second
• Progressive scanning
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Magnetic tape recording
• Magnetic recording heads are transducers that convert electrical energy into magnetic
• Recording heads are electromagnets
• Audio current creates an alternating magnetic field
• The magnetic field is focused at the “gap” in the record head
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Magnetic tape recording
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Magnetic tape recording
• The fluctuations in the magnetic field are stored on tape by re-arranging the magnetic polarity of the “metal” surface of the tape
• The tape surface is made from powdered metals, like FeO2, or iron oxide (rust)
• The metals are attached to a plastic backing with binder (glue)
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Magnetic tape recording
• Playback heads are constructed in a nearly identical manner
• During playback, a current is induced to flow in the coil of the head by the magnetic charges of the tape surface
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Fundamentals of Audio Production. Chapter 6.
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Analog tape recordingReel to reel
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Videotape
• Ampex corporation invented the videotape recorder
• Allowed television programs to be recorded and “mistakes” could be corrected
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Quadruplex Videotape
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Quadruplex
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Helical scan
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Helical scan