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Storage Spaces:What’s New in Windows Server 2012 R2
MDC205Rick ClausSr. Technical Evangelist, Microsoft
@RicksterCDNhttp://about.me/rickclaus
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Storage platform design challengesDesign of large service
platforms, such as Azure & Bing, share similar design goals
Need cost-effective hardware to meet budget requirements
Minimize operational expenditure where possible, as inefficiencies can reduce scale
Need to build-in handling of resiliency, must reduce/eliminate individual points of failure
New apps/services
Device proliferation
Data explosion
Cloud computing
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De-Mystifying Storage Appliances
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Clustered
What’s in a storage appliance?
x86/x64 Processors Memory Network Adapters Storage HBAs
“Back”
“Front”
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple,
Mirrored, Parity etc. Presents
interfaces:iSCSI, FC, FCoE,
NFS, SMB
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple,
Mirrored, Parity etc. Presents
interfaces:iSCSI, FC, FCoE,
NFS, SMB
Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
SAS
Ethernet: 1Gb/10GbFC: 1/2/4/8/16 Gb
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Clustered
Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server & Spaces
Windows Server 2012 Spaces
Windows Server 2012 File Server
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI, NFS, SMB
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI, NFS, SMB
Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
SAS
SMB3/Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb40Gb/56 Gb RDMA
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Infrastructure-as-a-Service Storage Vision• Dramatically lowering the costs and effort of
delivering IaaS storage services
• Disaggregated compute and storage• Independent manage and scale at each layer
• Industry standard servers, networking and storage• Inexpensive networks• Inexpensive shared JBOD storage
Scale-Out File Server ClustersStorage Spaces Virtualization and Resiliency
Hyper-V Clusters
SMB
Shared JBODStorage
PowerS
hell &
SC
VM
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012 R
2
Man
agem
ent
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Familiar Deployment ModelTraditional Storage
with FC/iSCSI Storage ArrayWindows File Server Cluster
with Storage Spaces
Hyper-V Compute Nodes
Hyper-V Compute Nodes
FC/SAS Disk ShelfFC/SAS Disk Shelf
FC/SAS Disk ShelfStorage Compute
Shared SAS JBODShared SAS JBODShared SAS JBOD
Storage Compute
FC/iSCSI(Block)
SMB(File)
Windows File Server Cluster
(commodity hardware)
Embedded CPUs and
Controllers
(proprietary Software)
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Familiar Enterprise-Grade Capabilities• Storage Tiering• Data deduplication• RAID resiliency groups• Pooling of disks• High availability• Persistent write-back
cache• Copy offload• Snapshots
• Storage Tiering (new with R2)
• Data deduplication (enhanced with R2)
• Flexible resiliency options (enhanced with R2)
• Pooling of disks• Continuous availability• Persistent write-back cache (new
with R2)
• SMB copy offload• Snapshots
Traditional Storagewith FC/iSCSI Storage Array
Windows File Server Clusterwith Storage Spaces
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Storage tiering
Improved storage cost-performance with industry-standard hardware
Use solid-state drives (SSD) and hard-disk drives (HDD) in tiered storage space
Can “pin” high priority files to the SSD tier
Hard Disk Drives
Hot data
Cold data
Solid State Drives
Storage Spaces
Storage tiering
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Case Study: Windows Release
Team(dogfooding our own stuff)
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• Problems:• Capacity• Cost• Resiliency
• Needs:• Capacity for a month of data• Dramatically lower $/TB• Scalable platform for future expansion
Case Study: Windows Release Team
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Case Study: Windows Release Team• 2x
increase…
• 3x increase…
• 5x increase…
• 6x reduction…
in total storage throughput
$1,350/TB$450/TB
in raw capacity with same budget
in effective capacity with dedupe
in number of servers
Traditional Storage
Storage Spaces
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Case Study: Windows Release Team
20x File Servers
with 10GbE Links
20x 60-Bay JBODs
with 3TB 7200RPM HDDs
Aggregate 80Gbps Network
Planning to double the deployment
over the next year
Windows Build
Servers
Dev Test Dev
• Hundreds of build servers generating data• Thousands of developers and test developers• Thousands of internal and external partners
…
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
Partners
720PB Weekly Data
Volume
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Storage SpacesCost-Efficient Business Critical Storage
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Component Overview• Industry standard commodity storage
hardware• Shared SAS JBOD arrays with enterprise-grade redundancy• Dual-Port SAS drives
Sampling of available Spaces Certified Hardware
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Capabilities Overview (1)• Pooling of disks
• Flexible resilient storage spaces
• Native data striping
• Enclosure awareness with certified hardware
• Parallelized rebuild utilizes spare pool capacity
Physical Disks from
Shared SAS JBODs
Storage Pool
Storage Spaces
Data Copy 1 Data Copy 2
Mirror Space
Mirror Space
Parity Space
Mirror Space
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Capabilities Overview (2)• Data Integrity Scanner• Periodic background scan detects latent
corruptions, auto-corrects where possible• Integration with both NTFS and ReFS
• Operational Simplicity• PowerShell, Server Manager, and SCVMM
2012 R2
• Continuous Availability with Windows File Server Cluster
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Deployment Recommendations
Resiliency Name
Number of Data Copies Maintained
Deployment Recommendations
Mirror 2 (two-way mirror)3 (three-way mirror)
All Workloads
Parity 2 (single parity)3 (dual parity)
Sequential workloads with large units of read/write, such as Archival
Simple 1 Workloads which do not need resiliency, or provide alternate resiliency mechanism
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Spaces & Windows File Server Cluster
Clustered Storage Pool & Storage Spaces
Hyper-V Compute Nodes
SMB
Unified Cluster Shared Volume
Namespace
Shared SASJBOD Arrays
Clustered File Servers
\\SRV\VDI \\SRV\CRM \\SRV\DB
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
Mirror Space
Mirror Space
Mirror Space
9 6 G b p s S h a r e d S A S L i n k s
ComputeStorage CSV aggregates
namespace for data access across volumes
Architecturally similar to traditional storage deployment
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Scaling the Windows File Server Cluster
Clustered Storage Pool & Storage
SpacesMirror SpaceMirror Space Mirror Space Mirror Space
Physical or Virtualized Workloads
Hyper-V Compute Nodes
High Speed Network(10GbE/InfiniBand)
Unified Cluster Shared Volume
Namespace
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-bay Shared SAS JBOD Arrays
Clustered File Servers with 10GbE/InfiniBand
7 8 6 G b p s S h a r e d S A S L i n k s
\\SRV\Folders\\SRV\VDI_Dev\\SRV\VDI_Mrktg \\SRV\DB
SMB SMB
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Further Scaling the Cluster
Clustered Storage Spaces
Physical or Virtualized Workloads Hyper-V Compute Nodes
High Speed Network(10GbE/InfiniBand)
Unified Namespace (CSV)
60-bay Shared SAS JBOD Arrays
Clustered File Servers with 10GbE/InfiniBand
768Gbps Shared SAS Links
768Gbps Shared SAS Links
768Gbps Shared SAS Links
0.96PB
0.96PB
0.96PB
768Gbps Shared SAS Links
0.96PB
\\SRV\VDI_Mktg \\SRV\Ops\\SRV\DB
SMB SMBSMB
Mirror
Mirror
Mirror
Mirror
Mirror
Mirror
Mirror
Mirror
… … … …
… …
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“We’re able to use commodity hardware to achieve the same functionality [of traditional storage] at a far lower cost.”
Jeremy RussellSenior Development
Lead
“By using Storage Spaces, Hyper-V over SMB, and other new features, I eliminate big, lumpy
capital expenditures… I can buy inexpensive storage, buy only what I need, and scale in a
completely linear manner.”Philip MossChief Technology Officer
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Storage SpacesWindow Server 2012 R2 Capabilities
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Storage Spaces R2 Objectives
Building upon the foundation in Windows Server 2012 to further deliver:
Minimized Opex
Continuous Availability
Minimize $/TB & Capex
Maximize IOPS/$
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Dual Parity: Minimizing $/TB• Provides resiliency to two disk failures for
archival workloads, while minimizing space utilization for resiliency
• Efficient rebuild times
• Supported with Windows Clustering
• Integrated Journaling for power fault resiliency
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Match workload characteristics to drivesCommon Workload
Characteristics• Large data set, and majority of data is
cold• Minority of data is in active use, and is
hot• The hot data is the “working set”
• Working set changes over time
Common Drive Characteristics• Hard Disk Drives, 7200RPM• Capacity Optimized ( $/TB)
• Solid State Drives• Performance Optimized ( IOPS/$)
Data Set
Current Working Set
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Tiered Storage: Maximizing IOPS/$
• Utilize best characteristics of SSDs and HDDs in single storage space
• Provides balance between capacity & performance
• Admins can assign files to specific storage tiers
Hyper-V Compute Nodes
Storage Space
HDD Tier
Cold Data
SSD Tier
Hot Data
400GB EMLC SAS SSD
4TB 7200RPM SAS HDD
Reads/Writes Accumulates Data Activity
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Write-Back Cache: Maximizing IOPS/$• Absorbs short-term
spikes in random write activity
• Seamless integration and familiar management
• Complements Tiered Storage
Hyper-V Compute Nodes
Storage Space
HDD Tier
Cold Data
SSD Tier & WBC
Hot Data
400GB EMLC SAS SSD
4TB 7200RPM SAS HDD
Reads/Writes Accumulates Data Activity
Seamless
Integration
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Write-Back Cache & Tiered Storage Demo
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Windows Server 2012 File Server Cluster
Clustered Storage Pool & Storage
SpacesMirror SpaceMirror Space Mirror Space Mirror Space
Physical or Virtualized Workloads
Hyper-V Compute Nodes
High Speed Network(10GbE/InfiniBand)
Unified Cluster Shared Volume
Namespace\\SRV\Folders\\SRV\DB
SMB
60-bay Shared SAS JBOD Arrays
Clustered File Servers with 10GbE/InfiniBand
SMB
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
7 8 6 G b p s S h a r e d S A S L i n k s
\\SRV\VDI_Mrktg \\SRV\Archive
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Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server Cluster
Clustered Storage Pool & Storage
Spaces
Tiered Mirror Space
Tiered Mirror Space
Tiered Mirror Space
Dual Parity Space
Physical or Virtualized Workloads
Hyper-V Compute Nodes
High Speed Network(10GbE/InfiniBand)
Unified Cluster Shared Volume
Namespace\\SRV\Folders\\SRV\DB
SMB
60-bay Shared SAS JBOD Arrays
with SSDs and HDDs
Clustered File Servers with 10GbE/InfiniBand
SMB
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
60-baySAS Array
\\SRV\VDI_Mrktg \\SRV\Archive
7 8 6 G b p s S h a r e d S A S L i n k s
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Windows File Server Cluster Configurations
Capacity Optimized
• High Capacity• Cost-Efficient• Best $/TB
Balanced
• Tiered Storage• High
Performance SSDs
• High Capacity HDDs
• Best IOPS/$
Performance Optimized
• Extreme Performance
• Greatest throughput, highest IOPS
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Windows File Server Cluster Configurations
Capacity Optimized
• High Capacity• Cost-Efficient• Best $/TB
Balanced
• Tiered Storage• High
Performance SSDs
• High Capacity HDDs
• Best IOPS/$
Performance Optimized
• Extreme Performance
• Greatest throughput, highest IOPS
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Windows File Server Cluster Configurations
Capacity Optimized
• High Capacity• Cost-Efficient• Best $/TB
Balanced
• Tiered Storage• High Capacity
HDDs• High
Performance SSDs
• Best IOPS/$
Performance Optimized
• Extreme Performance
• Greatest throughput, highest IOPS
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Windows File Server Cluster Solution Partners• Certified Storage Spaces Hardware• High-Performance Servers and Storage
http://www.raidinc.com/ http://www.dataonstorage.com/http://www.fujitsu.com/
fts/
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Takeaways• Windows Server 2012 R2 is a key
component in your public or private cloud deployment:• Cost-Efficiency, Maximized IOPS/$• Scale & Capacity, Minimized $/TB• Continuous Availability, Windows File Server Cluster
• We have seen customers who achieved:• 2x Increased throughput• 3x Reduced capital expenditure• 5x Increased capacity• 6x Reduction in servers to manage
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BONUS Material
a.k.a: How to build your own Storage Tiering demo rig on the cheap.
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## Configure the physical host ### Create 4 VHDX files on the SSD with 10GB each (assumes D is SDD)1..4 | % { New-VHD -Path D:\VHD\SSD_$_.VHDX -Fixed –Size 10GB}
# Create 8 VHDX files on the HDD with 30GB each (assumes E is HDD)1..8 | % { New-VHD -Path F:\VHD\HDD_$_.VHDX -Fixed –Size 30GB}
# Create a new VM. Assumes you have an Windows Server 2012 R2 OS VHDX in placeNew-VM -Name DC -Path D:\VMS –VHDPath D:\vhd\DC_OS.VHDX -Memory 2GB
# Add all data disks to the VM1..4 | % { Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName DC -ControllerType SCSI -Path D:\vhd\SSD_$_.VHDX }1..8 | % { Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName DC -ControllerType SCSI -Path F:\vhd\HDD_$_.VHDX }
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## validate Disks within VM ## # Verify disk participation in Pool Get-PhysicalDisk | Sort Size | FT DeviceId, FriendlyName, CanPool, Size, MediaType -AutoSize
# List small sized Disks (SSD)Get-PhysicalDisk -CanPool $true | ? Size -lt 20GB | Sort Size | FT -AutoSize
# List larger sized disks (HDD)Get-PhysicalDisk -CanPool $true | ? Size -gt 20GB | Sort Size | FT -AutoSize
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## setting media type as SSD or HDD
# make storage pool of all disks.$s = Get-StorageSubSystemNew-StoragePool -StorageSubSystemId $s.UniqueId -FriendlyName Pool1 -PhysicalDisks (Get-PhysicalDisk -CanPool $true)
# Configure media type for virtual SAS disksGet-StoragePool Pool1 | Get-PhysicalDisk | ? Size -lt 20GB | Set-PhysicalDisk –MediaType SSDGet-StoragePool Pool1 | Get-PhysicalDisk | ? Size -gt 20GB | Set-PhysicalDisk –MediaType HDD
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# Configure Tiers# Configure two tiersGet-StoragePool Pool1 | New-StorageTier –FriendlyName SSDTier –MediaType SSDGet-StoragePool Pool1 | New-StorageTier –FriendlyName HDDTier –MediaType HDD
# check configGet-StorageTier | FT FriendlyName, MediaType, Size -AutoSize
# Configure resiliency settingsGet-StoragePool Pool1 | Set-ResiliencySetting -Name Simple -NumberOfColumnsDefault 4Get-StoragePool Pool1 | Set-ResiliencySetting -Name Mirror -NumberOfColumnsDefault 2
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## Make simple and mirrored Spaces # Create simple and mirrored spaces with tiering$SSD = Get-StorageTier -FriendlyName SSDTier$HDD = Get-StorageTier -FriendlyName HDDTier
Get-StoragePool Pool1 | New-VirtualDisk -FriendlyName Space1 -ResiliencySettingName Simple –StorageTiers $SSD, $HDD -StorageTierSizes 8GB, 32GB -WriteCacheSize 1GB
Get-StoragePool Pool1 | New-VirtualDisk -FriendlyName Space2 -ResiliencySettingName Mirror -StorageTiers $SSD, $HDD -StorageTierSizes 8GB, 32GB –WriteCacheSize 1GB
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## create partitions and volumes# Configure volume “F” on Space1Get-VirtualDisk Space1 | Get-Disk | Set-Disk -IsReadOnly 0Get-VirtualDisk Space1 | Get-Disk | Set-Disk -IsOffline 0Get-VirtualDisk Space1 | Get-Disk | Initialize-Disk -PartitionStyle GPTGet-VirtualDisk Space1 | Get-Disk | New-Partition -DriveLetter “F” -UseMaximumSizeInitialize-Volume -DriveLetter “F” -FileSystem NTFS -Confirm:$false
# Configure volume “G” on Space2Get-VirtualDisk Space2 | Get-Disk | Set-Disk -IsReadOnly 0Get-VirtualDisk Space2 | Get-Disk | Set-Disk -IsOffline 0Get-VirtualDisk Space2 | Get-Disk | Initialize-Disk -PartitionStyle GPTGet-VirtualDisk Space2 | Get-Disk | New-Partition -DriveLetter “G” -UseMaximumSizeInitialize-Volume -DriveLetter “G” -FileSystem NTFS -Confirm:$false
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## Create test files on F # Create 3 files on volume “F”, place them on different tiers1..3 | % { fsutil file createnew f:\file$_.dat (4GB) fsutil file setvaliddata f:\file$_.dat (4GB)}Set-FileStorageTier -FilePath f:\file1.dat -DesiredStorageTierFriendlyName Space1_SSDTierSet-FileStorageTier -FilePath f:\file2.dat -DesiredStorageTierFriendlyName Space1_HDDTierGet-FileStorageTier -VolumeDriveLetter F
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## Create test files on G # Create 3 files on volume “G”, place them on different tiers1..3 | % { fsutil file createnew g:\file$_.dat (4GB) fsutil file setvaliddata g:\file$_.dat (4GB)}Set-FileStorageTier -FilePath g:\file1.dat -DesiredStorageTierFriendlyName Space1_SSDTierSet-FileStorageTier -FilePath g:\file2.dat -DesiredStorageTierFriendlyName Space1_HDDTierGet-FileStorageTier -VolumeDriveLetter g
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## Tasks for Storage Tiering # Check tasks used by Storage TieringGet-ScheduledTask -TaskName *Tier* | FT –AutoSizeGet-ScheduledTask -TaskName *Tier* | Get-ScheduledTaskInfo
# run and check status of tasksGet-ScheduledTask -TaskName "Storage Tiers Optimization" | Start-ScheduledTaskGet-ScheduledTask -TaskName "Storage Tiers Optimization" | Get-ScheduledTaskInfo
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## Run some workload on F # Check file location on tiers for volume F:Get-FileStorageTier -VolumeDriveLetter F | FT -AutoSize
# Running SQLIO on F:, using File1 (HDD tier), File2 (HDD tier) and File 3 (unspecified tier)c:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -frandom -kR -b8 -t4 -o16 -BN f:\file1.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -frandom -kR -b8 -t4 -o16 -BN f:\file2.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -frandom -kR -b8 -t4 -o16 -BN f:\file3.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -fsequential -kR -b512 -t4 -o4 -BN f:\file1.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -fsequential -kR -b512 -t4 -o4 -BN f:\file2.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -fsequential -kR -b512 -t4 -o4 -BN f:\file3.dat
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## Run some workload on G # Check file location on tiers for volume G:Get-FileStorageTier -VolumeDriveLetter F | FT -AutoSize
# Running SQLIO on G:, using File1 (HDD tier), File2 (HDD tier) and File 3 (unspecified tier)c:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -frandom -kR -b8 -t4 -o16 -BN g:\file1.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -frandom -kR -b8 -t4 -o16 -BN g:\file2.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -frandom -kR -b8 -t4 -o16 -BN g:\file3.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -fsequential -kR -b512 -t4 -o4 -BN g:\file1.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -fsequential -kR -b512 -t4 -o4 -BN g:\file2.datc:\sqlio\sqlio2.exe -s30 -fsequential -kR -b512 -t4 -o4 -BN g:\file3.dat
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