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Manoel Teixeira Souza Júnior, Ph.D. – Embrapa Agroenergy - General DirectorManoel Teixeira Souza Júnior, Ph.D. – Embrapa Agroenergy - General [email protected] 55.61.3448.4246 [email protected] 55.61.3448.4246 www.cnpae.embrapa.br
In the Ground, Where it All Begins… Maximizing existing agriculture lands and Brazil’s abundant degraded pastures; Long-term planning and land acquisition with sustainability standards in mind; Comparing the cost and potential of alternative feedstocks: jatropha; castor; African palm;
Macauba palm; sorghum; energy cane; How to execute successful large-scale planting for the biofuel sector? Improving mechanization of harvests and advances in the collection of sugar cane straw and
other biomass.
2020 – 56 Million2009 – 29 Million
93%BRASIL
2011 – 32,5%
+6.6%2010-2011
1973 – First petroleum crisis;1973 – First petroleum crisis; 1974 – ProAlcool Program is launched;1974 – ProAlcool Program is launched; 1977 – 4.5% Ethanol added to Gasoline;1977 – 4.5% Ethanol added to Gasoline; 1979 – 15% Ethanol added to Gasoline;1979 – 15% Ethanol added to Gasoline;
1980 – Second petroleum crisis;1980 – Second petroleum crisis; 1983 – Cars running on ethanol are 90% of the sells;1983 – Cars running on ethanol are 90% of the sells; 1985 - 22% Ethanol added to Gasoline;1985 - 22% Ethanol added to Gasoline; 1989 – Drop in petroleum prices (gasoline = ethanol);1989 – Drop in petroleum prices (gasoline = ethanol);
1990’s – 20-25% Ethanol added to Gasoline;1990’s – 20-25% Ethanol added to Gasoline;
2003 – Flex Flue Technology;2003 – Flex Flue Technology; 2005 – PNPB is launched;2005 – PNPB is launched; 2007 – Third petroleum crisis;2007 – Third petroleum crisis; 2008 – B2 becomes mandatory;2008 – B2 becomes mandatory; 2008 – Ethanol consumption similar to Gasoline (April);2008 – Ethanol consumption similar to Gasoline (April); 2010 – B5 becomes mandatory (3 years in advance);2010 – B5 becomes mandatory (3 years in advance);
2011 – ANP & Ethanol (18-25%);2011 – ANP & Ethanol (18-25%); 2011 – Ethanol crises in Brazil;2011 – Ethanol crises in Brazil; 2012 – PNPB (Phase 2) is expected to be launched;2012 – PNPB (Phase 2) is expected to be launched;
2012 to 2020 and beyond: INCREASE EFFICIENCY & DIVERSIFY FEEDSTOCKS2012 to 2020 and beyond: INCREASE EFFICIENCY & DIVERSIFY FEEDSTOCKS
Biofuels History in BrazilBiofuels History in Brazil
The National Biodiesel Production & Use Program - PNPBThe National Biodiesel Production & Use Program - PNPB
Soybean and the PNPBSoybean and the PNPB
81% of the Biodiesel 81% of the Biodiesel comes from soybean oilcomes from soybean oil
PNPB in 2020…PNPB in 2020…
2020
6.85billion L
to be used by food industry (internal market) & biodiesel
6.85billion L
to be used by food industry (internal market) & biodiesel
Soybean oil in 2020Soybean oil in 2020
6.85billion L
to be used by food industry (internal market) & biodiesel
6.85billion L
to be used by food industry (internal market) & biodiesel
Diesel in the pump & Biodiesel – Demand in Million L Diesel in the pump & Biodiesel – Demand in Million L
Fonte: EPE.
6.85billion L
to be used by food industry (internal market) & biodiesel
6.85billion L
to be used by food industry (internal market) & biodiesel
Diesel in the pump & Biodiesel – Demand in Million L Diesel in the pump & Biodiesel – Demand in Million L
Fonte: EPE.
6.85billion L
to be used by food industry (internal market) & biodiesel
6.85billion L
to be used by food industry (internal market) & biodiesel
Diesel in the pump & Biodiesel – Demand in Million L Diesel in the pump & Biodiesel – Demand in Million L
Fonte: EPE.
Will we do the same as Argentina?Will we do the same as Argentina?
Processing 100% in BrazilProcessing 100% in Brazil
What to do to guarantee B10 or B20?What to do to guarantee B10 or B20?
33,73%33,73%
32,37%32,37%
3,87%3,87%
36,24%
Vegetal Oil – World Production by main crops (million tons) – FAO 2011Vegetal Oil – World Production by main crops (million tons) – FAO 2011
CropCrop Oil Content Oil Content (%)(%)
Productivity Productivity (2010/11)(2010/11)
Production & Harvest Production & Harvest Area (2010/11)Area (2010/11)
Castor bean (Ricinus comunis)
50-55 644 kg/ha 141,300 tons219,300 ha
Sunflower (Heliantus annus)
40 1,255 kg/ha 76,700 tons61,000 ha
Cotton seed (Gossypium hirsutum)
21-28 2,303 kg/ha 3,225,500 tons1,400,300 ha
Peanuts(Arachis hipogaea)
45 2,674 kg/ha 226,500 tons84,500 ha
Canola(Brassica napus)
38 1,505 kg/ha 69,700 tons46,300 ha
Oil Palm(Elaeis spp.)
20 12,147 kg/ha 1,292,713 tons106,420 ha
Coconut(Cocos nucifera)
60 6,884 fruits/ha 1,891,687 thousand fruits274,773 ha
Bottlenecks: Cultivars, Seeds, Pesticides Registered, Agricultural Extension, Public Policies:
Credit, Price, Promote Growers Association.
Feedstock Diversification and the PNPBFeedstock Diversification and the PNPB
Source: IBGE-SIDRA 2012.
Brazil – Production – 2010: 1,292,713 tonsBrazil – Production – 2010: 1,292,713 tons Pará: 1,058,381 tons (82%)Pará: 1,058,381 tons (82%)Bahia: 231,272 tons (17%)Bahia: 231,272 tons (17%)
Imports ~60% Imports ~60%
Oil Palm Production in Brazil in the last decade.Oil Palm Production in Brazil in the last decade.
232.8 million ha of land – climatic & soil aptitude for oil palm cultivation; Excluded: all areas covered with native vegetation, under protection (conservation units, national, state and
municipal parks), indigenous people’s land and fragile ecosystems; as well as areas that suffered human impact after 2008;
Cultivation allowed in 31.8 million ha – 13.7% of land with climatic & soil aptitude – 3.7% of the Brazilian territory; Management level B – Preferential area in the AML: 73.374 Km2 or 7.334.426 ha (or the equivalent to 58% of the
area cultivated today in Malaysia & Indonesia).
AL BA PE
SE ES RJ
Is there area to produce oil palm in Brazil?Is there area to produce oil palm in Brazil?
The answer is: YES!So, what is missing?The answer to the second question is:
Do we have the technology for oil palm production?Do we have the technology for oil palm production?
Source: National Biomass Strategy 2020: New wealth creation for Malaysia’s palm oil industry
Oil Palm – Is it only about oil?Oil Palm – Is it only about oil?
An opportunity to promote the bio-refinery concept…An opportunity to promote the bio-refinery concept…
Plant species in domestication…Plant species in domestication…
Feedstock Diversification and the PNPBFeedstock Diversification and the PNPB
Thank you!Thank you!
EMBRAPA AGROENERGY - www.cnpae.embrapa.brEMBRAPA AGROENERGY - www.cnpae.embrapa.br